[Molecular aspects of the pathogenesis of inflammatory-destructive diseases of the periodontium].

The paper gives new information on the molecular mechanisms of pathogen reception in the human organism. The leading role is ascribed to the toll-like receptors recognizing the molecular structures of pathogens for bringing into operation natural resistance reactions with activation of transcription factors. Transmembrane TLRs are expressed on macrophages, dendritic, epithelial and other cells, calling for transmission of a signal of the presence of some adapter proteins. The considered effects of Porphycomonas gingivalis, the key periodontal pathogen, favor the chronic pattern of an inflammatory-destructive process due to its persistence in tissues, by inducing the expression of TLRs. It is suggested that recovered periodontal tissues in the natural structure and function are able to inhibit the expression of TLRs and to produce immune activators.