[Endocranial hypertension].

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: The endocranial hypertension syndrome is one of the commonest and most feared neurological complications in clinical practice. This encourages its continued study, and is the subject of this review.

DEVELOPMENT: Endocranial hypertension is the common pathway for the presentation of many neurological and non neurological disorders. An increase in the volume of one or more intracranial structures causes secondary lesions of the brain and even the death of the patient, although this may frequently be avoided by prompt recognition and suitable action by the doctor involved. General, non specific therapeutic measures should be instituted to achieve a normal endocranial pressure. The clinical presentation and complementary investigations should be correctly interpreted to determine the aetiology of the condition so that specific treatment may be given. Continuous monitoring of the intracranial pressure and other neuromonitorization techniques are essential for correct decisions as to treatment.

CONCLUSIONS: Understanding the physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome of endocranial hypertension are still essential in modern medicine. In recent years there have been advances in the use of well known treatments and new drugs have been introduced. Use of the different neuromonitoring techniques permits optimum use of the treatment available.