We have located links that may give you full text access.
CLINICAL TRIAL
JOURNAL ARTICLE
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Patient-administered nitrous oxide/oxygen inhalation provides safe and effective analgesia for percutaneous liver biopsy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
American Journal of Gastroenterology 2001 May
OBJECTIVE: Although percutaneous liver biopsy (PLB) can be a painful procedure, common practice has not included intravenous sedation or analgesia. Patient-administered nitrous oxide/oxygen (N2O/O2) inhalation has demonstrated analgesic efficacy in various procedures associated with mild to moderate pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and efficacy of analgesia with N2O/O2 inhalation for PLB.
METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing a first PLB (for chronic hepatitis C: 56, for alcoholic liver disease: 23, for miscellaneous reasons: 21). Patients were randomly assigned to self-administrate from a facial mask with a demand valve, for 5 min before and during biopsy, either a breathing mixture of 50% N2O/O2 (N2O group, n = 51), or a breathing oxygen placebo (P group, n = 49). Liver biopsy was performed at bedside after adequate local anesthesia with xylocaine. At the end of the procedure, patients were asked to self-evaluate pain experienced using a visual analogue scale (VAS) with scoring from 0 to 100 mm.
RESULTS: N2O/O2 administration resulted in the absence of pain in a significantly higher number of patients treated than in patients of the P group: 19 versus 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). Patients receiving N2O/O2 had significantly lower pain scores than those of the P group: 12+/-12 versus 28+/-19 mm (p < 0.0001). No serious complication was observed. Side effects of N2O/O2 were minor and reversible. The average cost per biopsy was 4 US dollars.
CONCLUSIONS: Patient-administered N2O/O2 inhalation provides safe and effective analgesia, at a reasonable cost, for PLB. Its routine use could be useful for the management of patients with chronic liver disease undergoing PLB as it may enhance patients compliance with future biopsies.
METHODS: One hundred consecutive patients undergoing a first PLB (for chronic hepatitis C: 56, for alcoholic liver disease: 23, for miscellaneous reasons: 21). Patients were randomly assigned to self-administrate from a facial mask with a demand valve, for 5 min before and during biopsy, either a breathing mixture of 50% N2O/O2 (N2O group, n = 51), or a breathing oxygen placebo (P group, n = 49). Liver biopsy was performed at bedside after adequate local anesthesia with xylocaine. At the end of the procedure, patients were asked to self-evaluate pain experienced using a visual analogue scale (VAS) with scoring from 0 to 100 mm.
RESULTS: N2O/O2 administration resulted in the absence of pain in a significantly higher number of patients treated than in patients of the P group: 19 versus 2, respectively (p = 0.0001). Patients receiving N2O/O2 had significantly lower pain scores than those of the P group: 12+/-12 versus 28+/-19 mm (p < 0.0001). No serious complication was observed. Side effects of N2O/O2 were minor and reversible. The average cost per biopsy was 4 US dollars.
CONCLUSIONS: Patient-administered N2O/O2 inhalation provides safe and effective analgesia, at a reasonable cost, for PLB. Its routine use could be useful for the management of patients with chronic liver disease undergoing PLB as it may enhance patients compliance with future biopsies.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society 2024 April 12
Proximal versus distal diuretics in congestive heart failure.Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2024 Februrary 30
World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification of eosinophilic disorders: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.American Journal of Hematology 2024 March 30
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in chronic insomnia: A review of clinical guidelines and case reports.Mental Health Clinician 2023 October
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app