T1dm

BACKGROUND: Lipohypertrophy (LH) at insulin injection sites is a common but preventable complication in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We evaluated the prevalence, contributing risk factors, and consequences of LH, specifically the glycemic variability (GV) among T1DM patients. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary care center in India, wherein 139 subjects with T1DM were randomly selected and evaluated for the presence of LH through visual and palpation examinations...

The incidence of type-1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) has increased steadily in Kuwait during recent years and it is now considered amongst the high-incidence countries. An interaction between susceptibility genes, immune system mediators and environmental factors predispose susceptible individuals to T1DM. We have determined the prevalence of protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) gene functional variant (C1858T; R620W, rs2476601), HLA-DQ and DR alleles and three autoantibodies in Kuwaiti children with T1DM to evaluate their impact on genetic predisposition of the disease...

We investigated short-term effects of dapagliflozin as adjunct to insulin on insulin sensitivity, postprandial glucose excursions, and ketone body production in T1DM. Seven male patients completed the randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over trial and received 10mg of dapagliflozin daily for 3 days followed by placebo, or reverse. At day 3, hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamps and oral glucose tolerance test clamps with repeated blood sampling were performed. Required glucose infusion and blood glucose excursions did not differ significantly between dapagliflozin and placebo (p=0...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the cognitive functioning of children and youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study included 68 children with type 1 diabetes, aged 6-17 years, divided into 3 groups according to the level of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): group 1: HbA1c ≤ 6.0-7.5%; group 2: HbA1c 7.6-8.5%; group 3: HbA1c over 8.6%. Wechsler's intelligence scale (WISC-R), the Trail of 10 words and Brickenkamp's and Zillmer's d2 Test of Attention were used to assess cognitive functioning...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Pancreas transplantation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) candidates remains disproportionately lower than in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM); however, outcomes in carefully selected patients mirrors that of T1DM. Despite the 2014 United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) eligibility criteria for simultaneous pancreas/kidney transplant (SPK) transplantation in T2DM patients, an expected increase in the number of transplants was not observed. RECENT FINDINGS: In an updated International Pancreas and Transplant Registry (IPTR) analysis, 1514 primary deceased donor pancreas transplants were performed in T2DM recipients [1995-2015, SPK 88%, pancreas after kidney (PAK) 9%, pancreas transplant alone (PTA) 3%]...

The sodium-glucose cotransporter type 1 (SGLT1) is the primary transporter for absorption of glucose and galactose in the gastrointestinal tract. Inhibition blunts and delays postprandial glucose (PPG) excursion. Sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 (SGLT2) is expressed in the kidney, where it reabsorbs 90% of filtered glucose. Thus, a dual SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibition (compared with selective SGLT2 inhibition) could result in lower PPG and robust A1c reduction even in patients with reduced kidney function. Sotagliflozin is an oral potent dual inhibitor of the insulin-independent SGLT1 and SGLT2...

PURPOSE: Glucagon has been recognized as a pivotal factor implicated in the pathophysiology ofdiabetes. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic secretion levels of serum glucagon (GLA) in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with different courses of disease, and to analyze its correlation with blood glucose fluctuation. METHODS: This observational study included 55 T1DM patients and divided into 3 groups according to the courses of disease...

BACKGROUND: Sensor-augmented insulin pump therapy (SAPT) with low-glucose suspend (LGS) is an effective and safe alternative for treating patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). New predictive low-glucose management (PLGM) systems decrease the severity and duration of hypoglycemic events. However, evidence of benefits in patients previously treated with SAPT-LGS is limited. METHODS: A prospective before-after study was conducted in patients with T1DM treated with SAPT-LGS, who were switched to the Minimed® 640G system with SmartGuard® to assess the impact on A1c levels, severe hypoglycemia (SH), hypoglycemia unawareness (HU), and area under the curve (AUC) <70mg/dL after three months of follow-up...

BACKGROUND: We studied the association between leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and glycemic control, body mass index (BMI), and hypoglycemic incidents in type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 198 diabetic patients (60 with type 1 diabetes, 138 with type 2 diabetes). LTPA was assessed by a validated 12-month questionnaire. Patients were grouped as sedentary and moderately to vigorously active. Outcome measures were Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), BMI, and hypoglycemic episodes...

AIM: To analyze the clinical impact of the Flash glucose monitoring system in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). METHODS: A 24-week retrospective cohort study in CSII-treated T1DM patients exposed (1:1) to the Flash glucose monitoring system vs. self-monitoring of capillary blood glucose (SMBG). The primary outcome was the difference in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels between both groups at the end of the study...

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune metaplastic atrophic gastritis is a chronic progressive inflammatory condition. The clinical spectrum includes pernicious anemia, atrophic gastritis, antibodies to parietal cell antigens and intrinsic factor, achlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and carcinoma. It is rare in paediatric cohorts. CASE PRESENTATION: We present the case of a boy with metaplastic atrophic gastritis in whom immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked(IPEX) syndrome was confirmed by FOXP3 gene mutation...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Very little is known about the occurrence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) in resource-poor countries and particularly in their rural hinterlands. RECENT FINDINGS: Studies of the epidemiology of T1DM in Ethiopia and similar countries in sub-Saharan Africa show that the pattern of presenting disease differs substantially from that in the West. Typically, the peak age of onset of the disease is more than a decade later with a male excess and a low prevalence of indicators of islet-cell autoimmunity...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is classified as an autoimmune disease which progressively results in the depletion of insulin-secreting β-cells. Consequently, the insulin secretion stops leading to hyperglycemic situations within the body. Under severe conditions, it also causes multi-organ diabetes-associated dysfunctionalities notably hypercoagulability, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and sometimes organ failures. The prevalence of this disease has been noticed about 3% that has highlighted the serious concerns for healthcare professionals around the globe...

APX3330 is a selective inhibitor of APE1/Ref-1 redox activity. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of APX3330 treatment in type one diabetes mellitus (T1DM) stroke rats. Adult male Wistar rats were induced with T1DM and subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) and treated with either PBS or APX3330 (10mg/kg, oral gavage) starting at 24h after MCAo, and daily for 14 days. Rats were sacrificed at 14 days after MCAo and, blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability, ischemic lesion volume, immunohistochemistry, cell death assay, Western blot, real time PCR, and angiogenic ELISA array were performed...

BACKGROUND: A portion of adults with humoral immune changes have clinical diabetes that is initially not insulin-requiring (latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult, LADA). One of the genes strongly associated with autoimmune diabetes is PTPN22. We hypothesized that the manifestation and clinical features of LADA are linked to functional variants of PTPN22. METHODS: We genotyped allelic frequencies of 1 protective and 3 risk-associated PTPN22 variants in 156 Czech LADA patients, 194 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with LADA-like progression to insulinotherapy and 324 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, and subsequently examined the associations of PTPN22 variants with the expression of autoantibodies and other clinical features of LADA...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), and the complications of CAD are the leading cause of deaths among people with DM. Herein, this study aims to identify the common genes and pathways between diabetes and myocardial infarction (MI) to provide more clues for the related mechanism studies. METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using the cutoff (|log2(fold change)|>0.45 and P value<0...

Arsenic is associated with several adverse health outcomes, and people with diabetes may be more susceptible to arsenic. In this study, we found that arsenic levels in some tissues such as liver, kidney, and heart but not lung of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) mice were higher than in those of normal mice after a single oral dose of arsenic trioxide for 2 h. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the increased tissue uptake of trivalent inorganic arsenic in mice with T1DM. This study aimed to investigate the expression of the mammalian arsenic transporters aquaglyceroporins (AQPs) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) in T1DM mice and compare them with those in normal mice...

BACKGROUND: Simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK) has become the treatment of choice for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients with chronic renal failure. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), was once considered to be a contraindication for pancreas transplantation; however, it has been accepted as a new indication, under strict criteria. Although favorable results have increase the indication for T2DM in developed countries, there have been no reports of long-term results for this indication from Latin American centers...

BACKGROUND: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with skeletal fragility. While previous meta-analyses have demonstrated an increased risk of fracture in individuals with T1DM, little is known about fracture risk in T1DM, in the absence of age-related confounders. AIMS: To determine the risk of fracture in young and middle-aged adults with T1DM aged 18 to 50 years old. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, EBM reviews, and relevant conference abstracts...

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) are at an increased risk of eating disturbances. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the risk of a disordered eating behavior (DEB) also applies to the well sibling sharing the same environment. METHODS: Well siblings were included if they were 10-18 years old, had a sibling with a T1DM diagnosis for at least 6 months and lived with the sibling during the illness. The control group was comprised of healthy participants recruited from the outpatient clinic with no family history of T1DM...