T1dm

RATIONALE: A hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is a rare presentation of a hyperglycemic crisis in children with diabetes mellitus. As this condition can be fatal and has high morbidity, early recognition and proper management are necessary for a better outcome. Here, we report a rare case of HHS as the first presentation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in a 7-year-old girl. PATIENT CONCERNS: The patient was admitted due to polyuria and weight loss in the past few days...

AIMS: Low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels have been described in patients with coexisting type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD). Data on other possible lipid abnormalities that could further increase cardiovascular risk in these patients are scarce and incomplete. Aim of this retrospective multicenter study was to evaluate whole lipid profiles, besides HDL-C, in children with T1DM associated with biopsy-proven CD, and to investigate the influence of age and degree of adherence to gluten-free diet (GFD) on lipid changes...

Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and longitudinal changes of prolonged QTc in DM patients admitted to our community hospital, and to determine, if any, its correlation with changes of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with Type 1 (T1DM) and Type 2 (T2DM) with at least two admissions during a four-year period was performed to identify QTc interval, and LVEF, as measured on transthoracic echocardiogram. Changes in QTc and LVEF between patient hospital admissions were compared...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder of glucose metabolism marked by hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hyperlipidemia, negative nitrogen balance and ketonaemia. DM is a major healthcare problems today and its treatment costs billions of dollars worldwide annually. The cases of diabetes have increased rapidly in recent years throughout the world. Currently, for management of type-1 diabetes mellitus (TIDM), multiple daily insulin (MDI) injections is the most popular treatment. Oral administration of insulin is the most suitable and attractive as compared to subcutaneous route but unfortunately cannot be utilized for the administration of peptides and proteins due to poor epithelial permeability and enzymatic degradation within the gastrointestinal tract...

There is a growing and alarming prevalence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome in type I diabetic patients (T1DM), particularly in adolescence. In general, low bone mass, higher fracture risk and increased marrow adipose tissue (MAT) are features of diabetic osteopathy in insulin deficient subjects. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with normal or high bone mass, a greater risk of peripheral fractures and no change in MAT. Therefore, we sought to determine the effect of weight gain on bone turnover in insulin deficient mice...

OBJECTIVE: In accordance with the dichotomy between T helper type 1(Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) responses, the occurrence of allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is, in theory, inversely related in the individual. However, recent studies investigating the association between the two diseases are controversial. DESIGN: Population-based cohort study. SETTING: We used claims data of the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan...

OBJECTIVE: Recently, increasing concern has been focused on the contribution of oxidative stress in the pathology of periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Firstly, the present study aimed to analyze gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), salivary, and serum oxidative status in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at diagnosis and systemically healthy children with and without gingivitis. Additionally, the diabetic patients were reevaluated after diabetes and periodontal treatment...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ultra-long-acting insulin degludec (DEG) has a longer duration of action and less daily variability relative to other basal insulin (BI), and thus may benefit patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We examined the impact of switching BI to DEG on glycemic control and insulin dose in T1DM. METHODS: T1DM patients (n = 22; six male; mean age: 64.5 ± 12.6 years) receiving basal-bolus insulin therapy were included. Initially, the BI dose was replaced with DEG in a 1:1 ratio; 80-100% of the total dose was replaced with DEG for multiple basal insulin injections...

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are a heterogeneous groups of diseases that occur as a results of loss of tolerance to self antigens. While the etiopathogeneis remain obscure, different environmental factors were suggested to have a role in the development of autoimmunity, including infections, low vitamin D levels, UV radiation, and melatonin. Interestingly, such factors possess seasonal variation patterns that could influence disease development, severity and progression. Vitamin D levels which reach a nadir during late winter and early spring is correlated with increased disease activity, clinical severity as well as relapse rates in several disease entities including multiple sclerosis (MS), non-cutaneous flares of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this review is to summarize the effects of various naturally occurring polyphenols in the management of metabolic dysfunctions. This cluster of metabolic abnormalities comprises insulin resistance, increased levels of free fatty acids, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 (T2DM) along with DM-induced complications. Most of them are included in the well-known metabolic syndrome (MS). These metabolic dysfunctions in turn are tightly associated to a high risk of development of cardiovascular diseases...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that glycemic variability could influence the risk of complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). There are no data about the action of vitamin D (VD) on glycemic variability. Our pilot study aims to evaluate glycemic variability and insulin needs in patients with T1DM supplemented with VD. METHODS: 22 patients received doses of 4000 and 10000 IU/day of cholecalciferol for 12 weeks, according to the patient's baseline VD levels and underwent continuous glucose monitoring system...

INTRODUCTION: Combination therapy with insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) has already been proven an efficient treatment option for type 2 diabetes. This combination can effectively improve glycated hemoglobin levels, cause weight loss and reduce the dosage of insulin. In addition, it can also reduce the risk of hypoglycemia. Several randomized controlled trials have confirmed that this treatment may be just as effective for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients...

Small non-coding RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNAs), regulate fine-tuning of gene expression and can impact a wide range of biological processes. However, their roles in normal and diseased limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) remain unknown. Using deep sequencing analysis, we investigated miRNA expression profiles in central and limbal regions of normal and diabetic human corneas. We identified differentially expressed miRNAs in limbus vs. central cornea in normal and diabetic (DM) corneas including both type 1 (T1DM/IDDM) and type 2 (T2DM/NIDDM) diabetes...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Early diabetic retinal changes in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) without diabetic retinopathy (DR) were examined using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty children with T1DM without DR and 60 normal children were enrolled in the study. SD-OCT was used to measure the ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL) and retinal nerve fiber (RNFL) thicknesses in all participants. RESULTS: The GC-IPL thickness was significantly decreased in all quadrants except the superior-nasal quadrant in children with diabetes (P < ...

OBJECTIVE: This study presents nine patients with mitochondrial tRNA Leu (UUR) m.3243A>G mutation and compares the clinical characteristics and diabetes complications with type 1 diabetes (T1DM) or early onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: The study covers 9 patients with MIDD, 33 patients with T1DM and 86 patients (age of onset ≤35years) with early onset T2DM, matched for sex, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes. All patients with MIDD were confirmed as carrying the m...

AIM: To determine the association of neuropathy and other complications with emotional distress and depression among patients with longstanding type 1 diabetes (T1DM). METHODS: Canadians with ≥50years of T1DM completed a questionnaire including assessment of distress and depression by the Problem Areas in Diabetes Scale (PAID) and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), respectively. Complications were determined using the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (Questionnaire Component), fundoscopy reports, renal function tests, and self-reported peripheral-(PVD) and cardiovascular (CVD) disease...

Lipids are main fuels for cellular energy and mitochondria their major oxidation site. Yet unknown is to what extent the fuel role of lipids is influenced by their uncoupling effects, and how this affects mitochondrial energetics, redox balance and the emission of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Employing a combined experimental-computational approach, we comparatively analyze β-oxidation of palmitoyl CoA (PCoA) in isolated heart mitochondria from Sham and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic (T1DM) guinea pigs (GPs)...

Background Compulsive Internet use has emerged as a contemporary addictive behavior. Our aim was to investigate the reasons for Greek adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and their families to use the Internet and additionally to investigate the level of Internet use and its associations to demographic, socio-economic parameters and glycemic control. Methods Patients with T1DM, aged >12 years and their parents were recruited during their regular visits to the Pediatric Diabetes Clinic. A similar group of healthy children, age- and sex-matched served as a control group...

AIMS: The transcription factor Gli-similar 3 (GLIS3) plays a key role in the development and maintenance of pancreatic beta cells as well as in the regulation of Insulin gene expression in adults. Accordingly, genome-wide association studies identified GLIS3 as a susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and glucose metabolism traits. Therefore, the aim of this study was to replicate the association of the rs10758593 and rs7020673 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GLIS3 gene with T1DM in a Brazilian population...

Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (Nod2) is an innate immune receptor. To investigate the role of Nod2 in susceptibility to the autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), we generated Nod2(-/-) non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. The Nod2(-/-)NOD mice had different composition of the gut microbiota compared to Nod2(+/+)NOD mice and were significantly protected from diabetes, but only when housed separately from Nod2(+/+)NOD mice. This suggested that T1DM susceptibility in Nod2(-/-)NOD mice is dependent on the alteration of gut microbiota, which modulated the frequency and function of IgA-secreting B-cells and IL-10 promoting T-regulatory cells...