T1dm

A major advancement in therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is the discovery of new treatment which avoids and even replaces the absolute requirement for injected insulin. The need for multiple drug therapy of comorbidities associated with T1DM increases demand for developing novel therapeutic alternatives with new mechanisms of actions. Compared to other sulphonylurea drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus, gliclazide exhibits a pleiotropic action outside pancreatic β cells, the so-called extrapancreatic effects, such as antiinflammatory and cellular protective effects, which might be beneficial in the treatment of T1DM...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disorder that affects an estimated 30 million people worldwide. It is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic β cells by the immune system, which leads to lifelong dependency on exogenous insulin and imposes an enormous burden on patients and health-care resources. T1DM is also associated with an increased risk of comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease, retinopathy, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD), further contributing to the burden of this disease...

BACKGROUND: Management of Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in youth with diabetes is complex and glycaemic control often deteriorates during this challenging period. We hypothesise that attendance at a youth-specific diabetes clinic reduces hospital admission rates and length of stay for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). AIMS: This study aimed to assess the impact of a youth specific diabetes service for youth with diabetes (YWD) on DKA admissions in two adjacent local health districts (LHDs)...

BACKGROUND: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems are increasingly becoming essential components in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) management. Current CGM technology requires frequent calibration to ensure accurate sensor performance. The accuracy of these systems is of great importance since medical decisions are made based on monitored glucose values and trends. METHODS: In this work, we introduce a calibration strategy that is augmented with a weekly updating feature...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of add-on exenatide to insulin on glycemic excursion and the counter-regulatory hormone in response to hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS: 30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks. All patients had continuous glucose monitor system (CGMS) applied at before (week-0) and after (week-4) treatment to evaluate the glycemic variability...

C-peptide is the best indicator of endogenous insulin secretion in patients with diabetes. This study investigated the relationship between C-peptide levels and clinical/laboratory parameters of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), as measured at 6-month intervals after diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed the data of 34 children with newly diagnosed T1DM. The study subjects were subdivided into a rapid progression group with C-peptide levels <0.6 ng/mL at 36 months (n=27; Group A) and a slow progression group with C-peptide levels >0...

AIMS: Approximately 1.25 million people in the United States have type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), a chronic metabolic disease that develops from the body's inability to produce insulin, and requires life-long insulin therapy. Poor insulin adherence may cause severe hypoglycemia (SHO), leading to hospitalization and long-term complications; these, in turn, drive up costs of SHO and T1DM overall. This study's objective was to estimate the prevalence and costs of SHO-related hospitalizations and their additional longer-term impacts on patients with T1DM using basal-bolus insulin...

With the increase in incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM), particularly in Westernised societies, there is an urgent need to understand the early molecular and metabolic alterations that accompany the autoimmune disease. This is not least because in murine models early intervention can prevent the development of overt disease. In this study we have applied a liquid chromatography (LC-) and gas chromatography (GC-) mass spectrometry (MS) metabolomics and lipidomics analysis of blood plasma and pancreas tissue extracts to follow the progression of disease in three models related to autoimmune diabetes: the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse, which is susceptible to the development of autoimmune diabetes, and the NOD-E (transgenic NOD mice that express the I-E heterodimer of the major histocompatibility complex II) and NOD- severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse strains, two models protected from the development of diabetes...

AIMS: Cardiac autonomic neuropathy(CAN) is a frequent and severe complication of type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM). CAN diagnosis is associated with increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, often due to progressive atherosclerosis. Carotid intima media thickness(CIMT) is a surrogate marker of the atherosclerosis. The aim of our study was to evaluate the relationship between CIMT and CAN in T1DM patients. METHODS: Total of 49 T1DM patients and 45 healthy controls were examined for CAN presence and CIMT...

BACKGROUND: Islet autoantibodies have been applied for diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) at an asymptomatic stage in individuals with high-risk genotypes. Evidence is insufficient to support a broad application of islet autoantibody screening for T1DM in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the evidence of an association between islet autoantibodies and the development of T1DM in a pooled population of both genetically at-risk individuals and general people without definite genetic background...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression. Growing evidence indicates that miRNAs have a key role in processes involved in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) pathogenesis, including immune system functions and beta-cell metabolism and death. Although dysregulated miRNA profiles have been identified in T1DM patients, results are inconclusive; with only few miRNAs being consistently dysregulated among studies. Thus, we performed a systematic review of the literature on the subject, followed by bioinformatics analysis, to point out which miRNAs are dysregulated in T1DM-related tissues and in which pathways they act...

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with reduced bone mass, increased fracture risk, and impaired bone defect regeneration potential. These skeletal complications are becoming important clinical challenges due to the rapidly increasing T1DM population, which necessitates developing effective treatment for T1DM-associated osteopenia/osteoporosis and bone trauma. This study aims to investigate the effects of whole-body vibration (WBV), an easy and non-invasive biophysical method, on bone microstructure, tissue-level mechanical properties and porous titanium (pTi) osseointegration in alloxan-diabetic rabbits...

Pregnancies complicated by pre-gestational diabetes (PGD) are associated with a higher rate of adverse outcomes, including an increased rage of preterm delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, pre-eclampsia, caesarean section, perinatal mortality, stillbirth, shoulder dystocia, macrosomia, small for gestational age, large for gestational age, low birth weight, neonatal hypoglycemia, neonatal death, low Apgar score, NICU admission, jaundice and respiratory distress. In the past two decades, numerous reports have been published regarding associations between PGD and risk of adverse outcomes...

AIMS: Despite improvement in diabetic care over the years, the incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is still very high. Therefore, the aim of our study was to determine risk factors for PE in women with T1DM. METHODS: This study was a prospective, nested case-control study on a population of 165 women with T1DM. Women were divided into 3 subgroups: normotensive (N = 141), gestational hypertension (GH) (N = 8), and PE (N = 16). Clinical data were collected in the first trimester (< 12th week), in mid-pregnancy (20-24th weeks), and just prior to delivery (34-39th weeks)...

INTRODUCTION The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) among type 1 diabetic women (T1DM) is higher than in general population. Both diseases are associated with higher risk of premature atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the cardiovascular risks conferred by T1DM and PCOS are additive. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study group included seventy-eight women divided into 4 groups: 19 women with PCOS and T1DM (T1DM+PCOS), 16 women with T1DM only (T1DM/no-PCOS), 27 women with PCOS only (PCOS), and 16 healthy women (control group)...

We present a 4-year-old newly diagnosed T1DM boy who presented with sever polyuria and polydipsia and HbA1C of 9.3%. Coincident with onset of ITM program insulin doses were tapered and the baby got free from insulin soon. Only three months after traditional anti-diabetic medications, his HbA1C improved to 5.8%.

BACKGROUND: Both Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and coeliac disease (CD) are independently associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Whilst poorer glycaemic control and increased microvascular complications have been described, the literature examining bone health and fractures in adults with concomitant T1DM and CD (T1DM+CD) is limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate fracture prevalence and explore associations with glycaemic control, hypoglycaemia and microvascular disease in T1DM+CD compared with T1DM alone...

OBJECTIVE: The data about the incidence of diabetes is scarce from developing countries. We studied the incidence of type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM) in a cohort of young military personnel followed for a long duration. METHODS: The data for this descriptive epidemiologic study was derived from the electronic medical records (EMR) of the male service personnel enrolled between 1990 and 2015. All subjects were recruited before 18 years of age in good health and the onset of DM was derived from the EMR...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease mainly mediated by effector T cells that are activated by autoantigen, thereby resulting in the destruction of pancreatic islets and deficiency of insulin. Cyclosporine is widely used as an immunosuppressant that suppresses autoimmunity in clinic. However, continuous treatments with conventional immunosuppressive drugs may cause severe side effects. Therefore it is important to seek alternative medicine. Chinese medicine Ginseng and Astragalus granule (GAG) was used to successfully treat type 2 diabetes mellitus in clinic in China...