Michael Markowitz, Barrett Woods, Gregory Schroeder, Christopher Kepler, David Kaye, Mark Kurd, Joshua Armstrong, Alexander Vaccaro, Kris Radcliff
BACKGROUND: There has been increased interest in exploring methods to reduce postoperative pain without opioid medications. In 2015, a multimodal analgesia protocol was used involving the perioperative use of celecoxib, gabapentin, intravenous acetaminophen, lidocaine, and liposomal bupivacaine. Overall, the goal was to reduce the utilization of scheduled opioids in favor of nonopioid pain management. METHODS: The results of a consecutive series of 1- to 2-level open primary lumbar fusions were compared to a cohort of patients after the implementation the perioperative multimodal pain management protocol...
September 6, 2023: International Journal of Spine Surgery