keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38497898/near-infrared-light-activated-formulation-for-the-spatially-controlled-release-of-crispr-cas9-ribonucleoprotein-for-brain-gene-editing
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Susana Simões, Miguel Lino, Angela Barrera, Catarina Rebelo, Francesca Tomatis, Andreia Vilaça, Christopher Breunig, Andrea Neuner, João Peça, Ricardo González, Alexandra Carvalho, Stefan Stricker, Lino Ferreira
The CRISPR/Cas9 system has emerged as a promising platform for gene editing; however, the lack of an efficient and safe delivery system to introduce it into cells continues to hinder clinical translation. Here, we report a rationally designed gene-editing nanoparticle (NP) formulation for brain applications: an sgRNA:Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex is immobilized on the NP surface by oligonucleotides that are complementary to the sgRNA. Irradiation of the formulation with a near-infrared (NIR) laser generates heat in the NP, leading to the release of the ribonucleoprotein complex...
March 18, 2024: Angewandte Chemie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496633/subtypes-of-brain-change-in-aging-and-their-associations-with-cognition-and-alzheimer-s-disease-biomarkers
#2
Elettra Capogna, Øystein Sørensen, Leiv Otto Watne, James Roe, Marie Strømstad, Ane Victoria Idland, Nathalie Bodd Halaas, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Kristine Beate Walhovd, Anders Martin Fjell, Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
Structural brain changes underly cognitive changes in older age and contribute to inter-individual variability in cognition. Here, we assessed how changes in cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume, are related to cognitive change in cognitively unimpaired older adults using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data-driven clustering. Specifically, we tested (1) which brain structural changes over time predict cognitive change in older age (2) whether these are associated with core cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-β (Aβ42), and (3) the degree of overlap between clusters derived from different structural features...
March 7, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496598/flexible-circuit-based-3-d-aware-modular-optical-brain-imaging-system-for-high-density-measurements-in-natural-settings
#3
Edward Xu, Morris Vanegas, Miguel Mireles, Artem Dementyev, Meryem Yücel, Stefan Carp, Qianqian Fang
SIGNIFICANCE: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) presents an opportunity to study human brains in everyday activities and environments. However, achieving robust measurements under such dynamic condition remains a significant challenge. AIM: The modular optical brain imaging (MOBI) system is designed to enhance optode-to-scalp coupling and provide real-time probe 3-D shape estimation to improve the use of fNIRS in everyday conditions. APPROACH: The MOBI system utilizes bendable and lightweight modular circuit-board design to enhance probe's conformity to head surface and comfort for long-term wearing...
March 4, 2024: medRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38496405/development-of-an-mri-compatible-robotic-perturbation-system-for-studying-the-task-dependent-contribution-of-the-brainstem-to-long-latency-responses
#4
Rebecca C Nikonowicz, Fabrizio Sergi
Methodological constraints have hindered direct in vivo measurement of reticulospinal tract (RST) function. The RST is thought to contribute to the increase in the amplitude of a long latency response (LLR), a stereotypical response evoked in stretched muscles, that arises when participants are asked to "resist" a perturbation. Thus, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during robot-evoked LLRs under different task goals may be a method to measure motor-related RST function. We have developed the Dual Motor StretchWrist (DMSW), a new MR-compatible robotic perturbation system, and validated its functionality via experiments that used surface electromyography (sEMG) and fMRI...
March 5, 2024: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495551/human-mutations-in-slitrk3-implicated-in-gabaergic-synapse-development-in-mice
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stephanie Efthymiou, Wenyan Han, Muhammad Ilyas, Jun Li, Yichao Yu, Marcello Scala, Nancy T Malintan, Muhammad Ilyas, Nikoleta Vavouraki, Kshitij Mankad, Reza Maroofian, Clarissa Rocca, Vincenzo Salpietro, Shenela Lakhani, Eric J Mallack, Timothy Blake Palculict, Hong Li, Guojun Zhang, Faisal Zafar, Nuzhat Rana, Noriko Takashima, Hayato Matsunaga, Claudia Manzoni, Pasquale Striano, Mark F Lythgoe, Jun Aruga, Wei Lu, Henry Houlden
This study reports on biallelic homozygous and monoallelic de novo variants in SLITRK3 in three unrelated families presenting with epileptic encephalopathy associated with a broad neurological involvement characterized by microcephaly, intellectual disability, seizures, and global developmental delay. SLITRK3 encodes for a transmembrane protein that is involved in controlling neurite outgrowth and inhibitory synapse development and that has an important role in brain function and neurological diseases. Using primary cultures of hippocampal neurons carrying patients' SLITRK3 variants and in combination with electrophysiology, we demonstrate that recessive variants are loss-of-function alleles...
2024: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495338/the-impact-of-quality-control-on-cortical-morphometry-comparisons-in-autism
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saashi A Bedford, Alfredo Ortiz-Rosa, Jenna M Schabdach, Manuela Costantino, Stephanie Tullo, Tom Piercy, Meng-Chuan Lai, Michael V Lombardo, Adriana Di Martino, Gabriel A Devenyi, M Mallar Chakravarty, Aaron F Alexander-Bloch, Jakob Seidlitz, Simon Baron-Cohen, Richard A I Bethlehem
Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) quality is known to impact and bias neuroanatomical estimates and downstream analysis, including case-control comparisons, and a growing body of work has demonstrated the importance of careful quality control (QC) and evaluated the impact of image and image-processing quality. However, the growing size of typical neuroimaging datasets presents an additional challenge to QC, which is typically extremely time and labour intensive. One of the most important aspects of MRI quality is the accuracy of processed outputs, which have been shown to impact estimated neurodevelopmental trajectories...
October 1, 2023: Imaging Neurosci (Camb)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38495156/exploring-faradaic-and-non-faradaic-electrochemical-impedance-spectroscopy-approaches-in-parkinson-s-disease-diagnosis
#7
REVIEW
Hussaini Adam, Subash C B Gopinath, Tijjani Adam, Makram A Fakhri, Evan T Salim, Sreeramanan Subramaniam
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative condition defined by the progressive death of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. The diagnosis of Parkinson's disease often uses time-consuming clinical evaluations and subjective assessments. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is a useful technique for electroanalytical devices due to its label-free performance, in-situ measurements, and low cost. The development of reliable diagnostic tools for Parkinson's disease can be significantly enhanced by exploring novel techniques like faradaic and non-faradaic EIS detection methods...
March 15, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494888/associations-of-hearing-loss-and-structural-changes-in-specific-cortical-regions-a-mendelian-randomization-study
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaoduo Liu, Lubo Shi, Enze Li, Shuo Jia
INTRODUCTION: Previous studies have suggested a correlation between hearing loss (HL) and cortical alterations, but the specific brain regions that may be affected are unknown. METHODS: Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data for 3 subtypes of HL phenotypes, sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), conductive hearing loss, and mixed hearing loss, were selected as exposures, and GWAS data for brain structure-related traits were selected as outcomes. The inverse variance weighted method was used as the main estimation method...
March 1, 2024: Cerebral Cortex
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38493885/contribution-of-platelets-to-disruption-of-the-blood-brain-barrier-during-arterial-baroreflex-dysfunction
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bowen Shen, Lili Yang, Xiaoli Jia, Deping Kong, Yongfeng Gao, Shan Gao, Ruimin Chen, Fengbao Chen, Chunyu Zhao, Yue Li, Rui Tan, Xiaomin Zhao
BACKGROUND: Arterial baroreflex dysfunction, like many other central nervous system disorders, involves disruption of the blood-brain barrier, but what causes such disruption in ABR dysfunction is unclear. Here we explored the potential role of platelets in this disruption. METHODS: ABR dysfunction was induced in rats using sinoaortic denervation, and the effects on integrity of the blood-brain barrier were explored based on leakage of Evans blue or FITC-dextran, while the effects on expression of CD40L in platelets and of key proteins in microvascular endothelial cells were explored using immunohistochemistry, western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay...
March 15, 2024: Microvascular Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492709/hiding-in-plain-sight-complex-interaction-patterns-between-tau-and-14-3-3%C3%AE-protein-variants
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Radek Crha, Aneta Kozeleková, Alena Hofrová, Lucia Iľkovičová, Norbert Gašparik, Pavel Kadeřávek, Jozef Hritz
Tau protein is an intrinsically disordered protein that plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In brains of AD patients, Tau occurs abnormally phosphorylated and aggregated in neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Together with Tau, 14-3-3 proteins - abundant cytosolic dimeric proteins - were found colocalized in the NFTs. However, so far, the molecular mechanism of the process leading to pathological changes in Tau structure as well as the direct involvement of 14-3-3 proteins are not well understood. Here, we aimed to reveal the effects of phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA) on Tau structural preferences and provide better insight into the interaction between Tau and 14-3-3 proteins...
March 14, 2024: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38492127/updates-to-the-melbourne-children-s-regional-infant-brain-software-package-m-crib-s
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chris L Adamson, Bonnie Alexander, Claire E Kelly, Gareth Ball, Richard Beare, Jeanie L Y Cheong, Alicia J Spittle, Lex W Doyle, Peter J Anderson, Marc L Seal, Deanne K Thompson
The delineation of cortical areas on magnetic resonance images (MRI) is important for understanding the complexities of the developing human brain. The previous version of the Melbourne Children's Regional Infant Brain (M-CRIB-S) (Adamson et al. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 10, 2020) is a software package that performs whole-brain segmentation, cortical surface extraction and parcellation of the neonatal brain. Available cortical parcellation schemes in the M-CRIB-S are the adult-compatible 34- and 31-region per hemisphere Desikan-Killiany (DK) and Desikan-Killiany-Tourville (DKT), respectively...
March 16, 2024: Neuroinformatics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491505/abcg2a-is-the-functional-homolog-of-human-abcg2-expressed-at-the-zebrafish-blood-brain-barrier
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joanna R Thomas, William J E Frye, Robert W Robey, Andrew C Warner, Donna Butcher, Jennifer L Matta, Tamara C Morgan, Elijah F Edmondson, Paula B Salazar, Suresh V Ambudkar, Michael M Gottesman
BACKGROUND: A principal protective component of the mammalian blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the high expression of the multidrug efflux transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp, encoded by ABCB1) and ABCG2 (encoded by ABCG2) on the lumenal surface of endothelial cells. The zebrafish P-gp homolog Abcb4 is expressed at the BBB and phenocopies human P-gp. Comparatively little is known about the four zebrafish homologs of the human ABCG2 gene: abcg2a, abcg2b, abcg2c, and abcg2d. Here we report the functional characterization and brain tissue distribution of zebrafish ABCG2 homologs...
March 15, 2024: Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38491332/neuronal-control-of-posture-in-blind-individuals
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
I Helmich, R Gemmerich
The control of posture is guided by the integration of sensory information. Because blind individuals cannot apply visual information to control posture as sighted individuals do they must compensate by the remaining senses. We therefore hypothesize that blind individuals alter their brain activation in the sensorimotor cortex during postural control to compensate for balance control without vision by the increased integration of somatosensory information. Ten blind and ten sighted (matched) individuals controlled posture during conditions with (I) eyes closed / open, and (II) stable / unstable surface conditions...
March 15, 2024: Brain Topography
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490452/contralaterally-controlled-functional-electrical-stimulation-for-improving-motor-function-after-acquired-brain-injury-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#14
REVIEW
Shan Xie, Yuqian Zhang, Jing Li, Zhefan Wu, Yulong Bai
OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effect of contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) on motor function after acquired brain injury (ABI). DATA SOURCES: We searched the Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Web of Science, SinoMed, CNKI, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals and Wanfang Database, from inception to December 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of CCFES on motor function compared with routine rehabilitation or routine electrical stimulation after ABI...
March 13, 2024: Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489768/glycocalyx-mimicking-nanoparticles-with-differential-organ-selectivity-for-drug-delivery-and-therapy
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dohyeon Kim, Chang-Hee Whang, Jungwoo Hong, Monica Celine Prayogo, Wonsik Jung, Seojung Lee, Hocheol Shin, Yujin Kim, Jiyoung Yu, Min Joong Kim, Kyunggon Kim, Hee-Seung Lee, Sangyong Jon
Organ-selective drug delivery is expected to maximize the efficacy of various therapeutic modalities while minimizing their systemic toxicity. Lipid nanoparticles and polymersomes can direct the organ-selective delivery of mRNAs or gene editing machineries, but their delivery has been limited to mostly liver, spleen, and lung. We urgently need a platform that enables delivery to these and other target organs. Here, we generate a library of glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles (GlyNPs) comprising five randomly combined sugar moieties and use direct in vivo library screening to identify GlyNPs with preferential biodistribution in liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, heart, and brain...
March 15, 2024: Advanced Materials
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38487552/cross-frequency-cortex-muscle-interactions-are-abnormal-in-young-people-with-dystonia
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhenghao Guo, Jean-Pierre Lin, Osvaldo Simeone, Kerry R Mills, Zoran Cvetkovic, Verity M McClelland
Sensory processing and sensorimotor integration are abnormal in dystonia, including impaired modulation of beta-corticomuscular coherence. However, cortex-muscle interactions in either direction are rarely described, with reports limited predominantly to investigation of linear coupling, using corticomuscular coherence or Granger causality. Information-theoretic tools such as transfer entropy detect both linear and non-linear interactions between processes. This observational case-control study applies transfer entropy to determine intra- and cross-frequency cortex-muscle coupling in young people with dystonia/dystonic cerebral palsy...
2024: Brain communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486948/parental-education-and-income-are-linked-to-offspring-cortical-brain-structure-and-psychopathology-at-9-11%C3%A2-years
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Linn B Norbom, Jaroslav Rokicki, Espen M Eilertsen, Thea Wiker, Jamie Hanson, Andreas Dahl, Dag Alnæs, Sara Fernández-Cabello, Dani Beck, Ingrid Agartz, Ole A Andreassen, Lars T Westlye, Christian K Tamnes
BACKGROUND: A child's socioeconomic environment can shape central aspects of their life, including vulnerability to mental disorders. Negative environmental influences in youth may interfere with the extensive and dynamic brain development occurring at this time. Indeed, there are numerous yet diverging reports of associations between parental socioeconomic status (SES) and child cortical brain morphometry. Most of these studies have used single metric- or unimodal analyses of standard cortical morphometry that downplay the probable scenario where numerous biological pathways in sum account for SES-related cortical differences in youth...
March 2024: JCPP Adv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38486858/improve-the-diagnosis-of-idiopathic-normal-pressure-hydrocephalus-by-combining-abnormal-cortical-thickness-and-ventricular-morphometry
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yifeng Yang, Meijing Yan, Xiao Liu, Shihong Li, Guangwu Lin
BACKGROUND: The primary imaging markers for idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (iNPH) emphasize morphological measurements within the ventricular system, with no attention given to alterations in brain parenchyma. This study aimed to investigate the potential effectiveness of combining ventricular morphometry and cortical structural measurements as diagnostic biomarkers for iNPH. METHODS: A total of 57 iNPH patients and 55 age-matched healthy controls (HC) were recruited in this study...
2024: Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484485/an-autopsy-case-of-cerebral-hemorrhage-in-an-hiv-infected-patient-with-suspected-hiv-associated-cerebrovascular-disease
#19
Mio Takayama, Masayuki Kashiwagi, Aya Matsusue, Brian Waters, Shin-Ichi Kubo
A male in his late 30s was found dead in his home. He was diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) about six years prior. The HIV infection was well controlled before his death. He was 166 cm in height and 75 kg in weight. Aside from discoloration of the skin on the right lower patellar, there were no obvious injuries. His brain weighed 1456 g. A cut surface of the brain revealed left thalamic hemorrhage. Histologically, infiltration of phagocytic cells was observed in the bleeding site. Thalamic hemorrhage was considered to be his cause of death in this case...
March 11, 2024: Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483077/validation-of-salamander-dermal-mucus-swabs-as-a-novel-nonlethal-approach-for-amphibian-metabolomics-and-glutathione-analysis-following-pesticide-exposure
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Robin J Van Meter, Donna A Glinski, Jennifer J Wanat, S Thomas Purucker, W Matthew Henderson
Evaluating biomarkers of stress in amphibians is critical to conservation, yet current techniques are often destructive and/or time-consuming, which limits ease of use. In the present study, we validate the use of dermal swabs in spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) for biochemical profiling, as well as glutathione (GSH) stress response following pesticide exposure. Thirty-three purchased spotted salamanders were acclimated to laboratory conditions at Washington College (Chestertown, MD, USA) for 4 weeks...
March 14, 2024: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
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