spine density

CONTEXT: Parathyroidectomy is recommended for curing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), although uncertainty remains regarding the extent of fracture risk reduction following surgery. OBJECTIVE: To compare fracture risk and bone mineral density (BMD) changes in patients with PHPT undergoing parathyroidectomy (PTX) versus observation (OBS). DATA SOURCES: We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library until September 2022, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies, and reviewed citations from previous reviews...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may enhance bone formation and have neutral or beneficial effects on fracture risk. We evaluated the effect of the GLP-1RA semaglutide on the bone formation marker Procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) in adults with increased fracture risk. METHODS: This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, phase 2 clinical trial was conducted at two public hospitals in Denmark...

BACKGROUND: Cohorts of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL) survivors reaching adulthood are increasing. Approximately 30% of survivors meet criteria for low bone mineral density (BMD) 10 years after diagnosis. We investigated risk factors for low BMD in long-term cALL survivors. METHODS: We recruited 245 cALL survivors from the PETALE (Prévenir les effets tardifs des traitements de la leucémie aiguë lymphoblastique chez l'enfant) cohort, who were treated with the Dana Farber Cancer Institute protocols, did not experience disease relapse or hematopoietic stem cell transplants, and presented with more than 5 years of event-free survival...

OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the bony architecture. Nevertheless, it remains uncertain whether these effects are due to disease progression, limited mobility, or medication. We conducted this study to analyze changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with RA and its relationship with various disease parameters, such as demographic factors, disease activity, functional disability, duration since onset of symptoms, cumulative steroid dose, and titers of rheumatoid factor (RF)...

BACKGROUND: Low back pain (LBP) affects a significant proportion of the adult population. Potent anti-resorptive drugs such as intravenous zoledronic acid have been demonstrated to reduce Modic changes (MCs) upon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine and concomitantly decrease associated LBP. It is uncertain whether oral alendronic acid has a similar effect. METHODS: 82 subjects were recruited in this case-control study. Treatment subjects (n = 41) received oral alendronic acid treatment for at least 1-year and were matched by gender and age (± 2) to control subjects (n = 41) not receiving any anti-osteoporotic medication...

Climate change has significantly altered the characteristics of climate zones, posing considerable challenges to ecosystems and biodiversity, particularly in Borneo, known for its high species density per unit area. This study aimed to classify the region into homogeneous climate groups based on long-term average behavior. The most effective parameters from the high-resolution daily gridded Princeton climate datasets spanning 65 years (1950-2014) were utilized, including rainfall, relative humidity (RH), temperatures (Tavg, Tmin, Tmax, and diurnal temperature range (DTR)), along with elevation data at 0...

Chronic restraint stress induces cognitive abnormalities through changes in synapses and oxidant levels in the amygdala and hippocampus. Given the neuroprotective effects of fruit of Terminalia chebula (Halileh) in different experimental models, the present investigation aimed to address whether Terminalia chebula is able to reduce chronic restraint stress-induced behavioral, synaptic and oxidant markers in the rat model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control (did not receive any treatment and were not exposed to stress), stress (restraint stress for 2 h a day for 14 consecutive days), Terminalia chebula (received 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula), and stress + Terminalia chebula groups (received 200 mg/kg extract of Terminalia chebula twenty minutes before stress) (n = 8 in each group)...

HDAC3 inhibition has been shown to improve memory and reduce amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) models, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the molecular effects of HDAC3 inhibition on AD pathology, using in vitro and ex vivo models of AD, based on our finding that HDAC3 expression is increased in AD brains. For this purpose, N2a mouse neuroblastoma cells as well as organotypic brain cultures (OBCSs) of 5XFAD and wild-type mice were incubated with various concentrations of the HDAC3 selective inhibitor RGFP966 (0...

Obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and osteoporosis are serious diseases with an ever-increasing incidence that quite often coexist, especially in the elderly. Individuals with obesity and T2DM have impaired bone quality and an elevated risk of fragility fractures, despite higher and/or unchanged bone mineral density (BMD). The effect of obesity on fracture risk is site-specific, with reduced risk for several fractures (e.g., hip, pelvis, and wrist) and increased risk for others (e.g., humerus, ankle, upper leg, elbow, vertebrae, and rib)...

Introduction . Osteoporosis (OP) affects 30% of postmenopausal women, often complicated by metabolic syndrome (MetS) with a still controversial role. We aimed to characterize MetS and its components in relation to bone mineral density (BMD), body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance. Methods . Patients ( n = 188) underwent DEXA scans, spine X-rays, and metabolic and hormonal investigations, including bone biomarkers, muscular strength, and physical performance tests, while insulin resistance was evaluated by the Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR)...

Data on the effectiveness of denosumab on osteoporosis after kidney transplantation are limited. We investigated the long-term bone mineral density (BMD) changes in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) treated with denosumab compared to untreated KTRs. We enrolled KTRs treated with denosumab 60 mg/6 months for 4 years. An untreated group of sex and age-matched KTRs with a 1:1 ratio was included. The primary outcome was BMD changes assessed by Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry over 4 years. Data on serum creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), parathyroid hormone, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D were collected...

Social hierarchy is a fundamental feature of social organization that can influence brain and emotional processing regarding social ranks. Several areas, including the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the hippocampus, and the basolateral nucleus of the amygdala (BLA), are recognized to be involved in the regulation of emotional processing. However, its delicate structural correlates in brain regions are poorly understood. To address this issue, social hierarchy in home-caged sibling Wistar rats (three male rats/cage) was determined by employing a social confrontation tube test (postnatal weeks 9-12)...

BACKGROUND: There is increasing interest in forecasting postoperative complications using bone density metrics. Vertebral Hounsfield unit measurements obtained from CT scans performed for surgical planning or other purposes, known as opportunistic CTs, have shown promise for their ease of measurement and the ability to target density measurement to a particular region of interest. Concomitant with the rising interest in prognostic bone density measurement use has been the increasing adoption of intraoperative advanced imaging techniques...

The objective of this study is to evaluate the pattern of bone mineral density (BMD) in native Jiaxing women, and to investigate their awareness of osteoporosis. A total of 538 native Jiaxing women aged 40 to 60 years were recruited from January 2022 to December 2023 when they had routine examinations in the physical examination center of Jiaxing Maternal and Child Health Hospital. The Chinese version of Osteoporosis Prevention and Cognition Tool was used to evaluate participants' cognitive level of osteoporosis...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate differences in vertebral fat distribution and bone density between patients with and without Modic changes (MCs) using a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) scoring system. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 189 patients (95 males, 94 females; mean age: 54±2.2 years; range, 18 to 82 years) with primary single-level disk herniation were reviewed between June 2021 and June 2022...

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have shown that skeletal muscle index (SMI) measured on abdominal computed tomography (CT) is strongly associated with bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk as estimated by the fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX). Although some studies have reported that SMI at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra (T12) measured on chest CT images can be used to diagnose sarcopenia, it is regrettable that no studies have investigated the relationship between SMI at T12 level and BMD or fracture risk...

Cadaveric study; To describe the characteristics of the nerve and its relationship with the lumbar intervertebral disc and psoas major muscle. Nerve injury is an understudied complication of extreme lateral interbody fusion. A detailed description of the nerve anatomy would be helpful for surgeons to minimize the risk of this complication. The lumbar plexus and lumbar sympathetic nerve of 10 embalmed male cadavers were dissected, and the distribution, number, and spatial orientation of the nerves on the L1/2 to L4/5 intervertebral discs were examined...

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is an enduring inadequate blood flow to the brain, resulting in vascular dementia (VaD). However, the effective treatment strategies are lacking. Supplementing with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) has shown neuroprotective benefits in other neurodegenerative disorders. Nicotinamide riboside (NR), as a precursor of NAD+ , is believed to hold promise in improving mitochondrial health, autophagy, and cognitive function. Meanwhile, NR has unique oral bioavailability, good tolerability, and minimal side effects, and it is the most promising for clinical translation...

Bone mineral density (BMD) is widely used for assessment of fracture risk. For the lumbar spine, BMD is typically measured from L1-L4 as it provides the largest area for assessment with the best measurement precision. Structural artifact often confounds spine BMD in clinical practice, and the International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) recommends removing vertebrae with artifact when reporting spine BMD. In its most recent position statements, the ISCD recommended against the use of a single vertebra when reporting spine BMD but stated that further studies should be done...

INTRODUCTION: Although osteoporosis and low bone mineral density is thought to lead to poor fusion outcomes, few studies have adequately addressed the correlation, and they were limited by small sample size at a single institution. METHODS: We completed a secondary analysis of 182 patients enrolled at 26 spine centers across the United States in the EXO-SPINE FDA-approved clinical trial with 12-month CT-based fusion status determined by two independent, blinded radiologists...