tongue base

Allergy cases are increasing worldwide. Currently allergies are treated after their appearance in patients. However, now there is effort to make a preventive vaccine against allergies. The rationale is to target patient populations that are already sensitized to allergens but have yet to develop severe forms of the allergic disease, or who are susceptible to allergy development but have not yet developed them. Subcutaneous injections and the sublingual route have been used as the primary mode of preventive vaccine delivery...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to clarify the relationship between tongue strength, lip strength, and nutrition-related sarcopenia (NRS). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 201 older inpatients aged ≥65 years (70 men, median age: 84 years, interquartile range: 79-89 years) consecutively admitted for rehabilitation were included in this cross-sectional study. The main factors evaluated were the presence of NRS diagnosed by malnutrition using the Mini-Nutrition Assessment - Short Form, sarcopenia based on the criteria of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia, tongue strength, and lip strength...

To study the physiologic mechanism of the brain during different motor imagery (MI) tasks, the authors employed a method of brain-network modeling based on time-frequency cross mutual information obtained from 4-class (left hand, right hand, feet, and tongue) MI tasks recorded as brain-computer interface (BCI) electroencephalography data. The authors explored the brain network revealed by these MI tasks using statistical analysis and the analysis of topologic characteristics, and observed significant differences in the reaction level, reaction time, and activated target during 4-class MI tasks...

OBJECTIVE: We examined the characteristics of dysphagia in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy, a hereditary neuromuscular disease causing weakness of limb, facial, and oropharyngeal muscles via a videofluoroscopic swallowing study, and investigated the plausibility of using these outcome measures for quantitative analysis. METHODS: A videofluoroscopic swallowing study was performed on 111 consecutive patients with genetically confirmed spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy and 53 age- and sex-matched healthy controls...

Our ability of screening broad communities for clinically asymptomatic diseases critically drives population health. Sensory chewing gums are presented targeting the tongue as 24/7 detector allowing diagnosis by "anyone, anywhere, anytime". The chewing gum contains peptide sensors consisting of a protease cleavable linker in between a bitter substance and a microparticle. Matrix metalloproteinases in the oral cavity, as upregulated in peri-implant disease, specifically target the protease cleavable linker while chewing the gum, thereby generating bitterness for detection by the tongue...

Imaging-based total bacterial count and type identification of bacteria play crucial rules in clinical diagnostics, public health, biological and medical science, environmental protection. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of tetraphenylethenes (TPEs) functionalized with one or two aldehyde, carboxylic acid and quaternary ammonium groups, which were successfully used as fluorescent materials for rapid and efficient staining of 8 kinds of representative bacterial species, including pathogenic bacteria Vibrio cholera, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes and potential bioterrorism agent Yersinia pestis...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of oropharyngeal cancer has risen over the past 2 decades. This rise has been attributed to human papillomavirus (HPV), but information on temporal trends in incidence of HPV-associated cancers across Canada is limited. METHODS: We collected social, clinical and demographic characteristics and p16 protein status (p16-positive or p16-negative, using this immunohistochemistry variable as a surrogate marker of HPV status) for 3643 patients with oropharyngeal cancer diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 at comprehensive cancer centres in British Columbia (6 centres), Edmonton, Calgary, Toronto and Halifax...

PURPOSE: Locally advanced tongue carcinomas (LATCs) in inoperable lesions are managed with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and chemotherapy. In our institution, the boost to the gross tumor volume is delivered with high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) after EBRT. We review the outcome of these patients when HDR-BT is added as a boost. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From May 2000 to December 2014, a total of 24 patients with LATC, nonsurgical oral tongue, and base of tongue carcinomas were treated with EBRT and with interstitial plastic tubes for brachytherapy; median dose was 18-24 Gy in 6-8 fractions after 50-60 Gy of EBRT...

AIM: The palatability of a new paediatric formulation of valaciclovir was assessed in children and their parents: non-inferiority of the new paediatric formulation (test formulation) compared to the reference formulation was investigated. METHODS: In vivo palatability testing was performed in a randomized, two-period, multicentre, cross-over study. Children and their parents scored the liking of the new paediatric valaciclovir formulation and the reference formulation on a 100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS)...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy and safety of transoral robotic surgery (TORS) with endoscope-guided coblation tongue base resection. DESIGN: Retrospective case-control study. SETTING: University-based tertiary care medical center. PARTICIPANTS: OSA patients who underwent endoscope-guided tongue base coblation resection or TORS in combination with lateral pharyngoplasty at a single institution in South Korea between April 2013 and December 2016 were investigated...

OBJECTIVES: Conditional relative survival (CRS) describes the survival chance of patients who have already survived for a certain period of time after diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Thus, CRS can complement the conventional 5-year relative survival, which does not consider the time patients have survived after their diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the 5-year CRS among Korean patients with oral cancer and the related risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 15,329 oral cavity cancer cases with a diagnosis between 1993 and 2013 in the Korea Central Cancer Registry...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To evaluate if upper airway surgery reduces blood pressure in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). STUDY DESIGN: Prospective series. METHODS: A prospective series of 112 consecutive OSA patients with hypertension (HTN). All patients were > 18 years old, respiratory disturbance index >5, all levels of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), with a history of HTN treated with medication for at least 6 months. Surgical procedures included septoplasty, turbinate reduction, palate surgery, and tongue base reduction...

Here we report a new species of Sarcocystis with Barred owls as the natural definitive host and interferon gamma gene knockout (KO) mice as an experimental intermediate host. A Barred owl submitted to the Carolina Raptor Center, Huntersville, North Carolina, was euthanized because of paralysis. Fully sporulated 12.5 x 9.9 m sporocysts were found in intestinal scrapings from the owl. Sporocysts from the Barred owl were orally fed to 4 laboratories reared outbred Swiss Webster (SW) (Mus musculus) and 8 KO mice...

Noninvasive analysis of motion has important uses as qualitative markers for organ function and to validate biomechanical computer simulations relative to experimental observations. Tagged MRI is considered the gold standard for noninvasive tissue motion estimation in the heart, and this has inspired multiple studies focusing on other organs, including the brain under mild acceleration and the tongue during speech. As with other motion estimation approaches, using tagged MRI to measure 3D motion includes several preprocessing steps that affect the quality and accuracy of estimation...

The goal of this work is to develop an automatic system for the evaluation of the gustatory sensitivity of patients using an electrophysiological recording of the response of bud cells to taste stimuli. In particular, the study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of supervised classifiers in the discrimination between subjects belonging to the three 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) taster categories (supertasters, medium tasters, and non-tasters), exploiting features extracted from electrophysiological recordings of the tongue...

In studies of dialect variation, the articulatory nature of vowels is sometimes inferred from formant values using the following heuristic: F1 is inversely correlated with tongue height and F2 is inversely correlated with tongue backness. This study compared vowel formants and corresponding lingual articulation in two dialects of English, standard North American English, and Australian English. Five speakers of North American English and four speakers of Australian English were recorded producing multiple repetitions of ten monophthongs embedded in the /sVd/ context...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the function and importance of infrahyoid muscles with the suprahyoid muscles during swallowing, and to investigate swallowing sequences using kinematic analysis, high-resolution manometry (HRM) and electromyography (EMG). As a preliminary study, ten healthy subjects were prospectively enrolled. A needle EMG evaluated the onset latency, peak latency and duration of the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles. HRM measured the time intervals among the velopharynx, tongue base, and upper esophageal sphincter...

Nectarivores are animals that have evolved adaptations to efficiently exploit floral nectar as the main source of energy in their diet. It is well known that hummingbirds can extract nectar with impressive speed from flowers. However, despite decades of study on nectar intake rates, the mechanism by which feeding is ultimately achieved - the release of nectar from the tongue so that it can pass into the throat and be ingested - has not been elucidated. By using microCT scanning and macro high-speed videography we scrutinized the morphology and function of hummingbird bill tips, looking for answers about the nectar offloading process...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Although drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) is an accepted method to localize upper airway obstruction, it is not known whether allsites identified by DISE must be treated to achieve sufficient apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) improvement. The aim of this study was to compare outcomes forunilevel (upper) versus multilevel DISE collapse patterns in a patient cohort that only underwent modern palatopharyngoplasty. Our hypothesis was that notall tongue base-level obstructions on DISE must be treated...

INTRODUCTION: Persistent infection of human papillomavirus is known to cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer in the cervix uteri and other HPV-associated cancers in different localization. Based on epidemiological and biological data, principally the high risk HPV is responsible for development of cervical these cancers. However, we have no information about the frequently distribution of different HPV types and what is the correlation between the HPV types and cytological diagnosis in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)...