tongue base

Mechanical modeling of tongue deformation plays a significant role in the study of breathing, swallowing, and speech production. In the absence of internal joints, fiber orientations determine the direction of sarcomeric contraction and have great influence over real and simulated tissue motion. However, subject-specific experimental observations of fiber distribution are difficult to obtain; thus, models of fiber distribution are generally used in mechanical simulations. This paper describes modeling of fiber distribution using solutions of Laplace equations and compares the effectiveness of this approach against tractography from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging...

BACKGROUND: The revised 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC staging system was released in January 2017, and depth of invasion (DOI) was added to the new criteria for T classification in oral cavity cancer. In this study, we evaluated whether the 8th edition presents the prognosis and risk of nodal metastasis in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of tongue more accurately than did the 7th edition. METHODS: The data for 112 patients were obtained and reclassified based on the criteria presented in the 8th edition...

BACKGROUND: Respiratory complications represent the major cause of death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Noninvasive respiratory support is the mainstay therapy, but treatment becomes challenging as the disease progresses, possibly due to a malfunctioning larynx, which is the entrance to the airways. We studied laryngeal response patterns to mechanically assisted cough (mechanical insufflation-exsufflation) as ALS progresses. METHODS: This prospective longitudinal study of 13 consecutively included subjects with ALS were followed up during 2011-2016 with repeated tests of lung function, neurological status, and laryngeal responses to mechanical insufflation-exsufflation using video-recorded flexible transnasal fiberoptic laryngoscopy...

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the influential factors on the morphological changes of upper airway caused by mouth opening (MO). METHODS: One hundred and thirty-eight obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patients were enrolled. Anthropometric and demographic data, Friedman tongue position (FTP), and tonsil scores were recorded. Overnight polysomnography and upper airway computed tomography scans under two conditions (mouth closed [MC] and MO) were acquired...

BACKGROUND: Oral tongue cancer incidence has increased among whites in the United States; however, the cause remains unknown. If an infectious agent is implicated, then elevated risk would be expected among immunosuppressed individuals. METHODS: By using population-based registry linkage information from the US Transplant Cancer Match and human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) Cancer Match studies, the authors examined the risk of oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) among immunocompromised transplantation recipients and HIV-infected individuals...

A large lingual cyst was noted on the 22-week antenatal ultrasound, which grew in proportion to the foetus on serial imaging. An elective c-section was performed in view of possible airway obstruction, and the neonate initially required oxygen to maintain saturations. Aged 1 month, the baby developed significant breastfeeding difficulties secondary to rapid cyst and secondary tongue enlargement, completely filling the oral cavity. Fifteen millilitres of fluid were aspirated in clinic, resulting in reduction of tongue size and immediate improvement in feeding...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) and bleomycin for treatment of venous malformations (VMs) of the oropharyngeal region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study of 33 patients with 46 VMs of the buccal and pharyngolaryngeal cavity associated with impairment of eating, respiration, or elocution was performed. Individual lesions were divided based on their anterior or posterior location, using the base of the tongue as an anatomic landmark...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this current research was to clarify for the scientific community the trends of tongue cancer epidemiology in Brazil. METHODS: The data came from Population Based Cancer Registries, Hospital Cancer Registries, and Mortality Information System from 2000 to 2014. RESULTS: The age-adjusted incidence rate are increasing in both men and women for base of tongue cancer and for other and unspecified parts of the tongue in women, and decreasing in men for other and unspecified parts of the tongue...

BACKGROUND: For periodontal treatment, the full mouth disinfection approach suggests disinfection of oral soft tissues, such as tongue and tonsils concomitant to scaling and root planning since patients might benefit from treatment of these oral niches either. Periodontopathogenes in tonsillar tissue support this hypothesis. This prospective controlled clinical study investigated the change in the oral flora of patients who underwent tonsillectomy. Pockets were tested for eleven bacterial species before and six weeks after the surgical intervention...

Introduction: Despite the improvement in surgical techniques in cleft palate surgery, oronasal fistulas continue to remain a challenge, usually the result of residual palatal and alveolar clefts and post-palatoplasty defects. The tongue flap is an extremely versatile, sturdy, reliable and efficient means of closure of anterior as well as posterior, unilateral and bilateral palatal defects, effectively functionally obliterating the oronasal communication, owing much of its success to its highly vascular structure, good mobility, texture match, central location and low donor site morbidity...

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life (QOL) of patients who underwent resection of tongue base cancer and reconstruction by anterolateral thigh perforator free flap(ALTFF). Methods: A total of 77 patients with tongue cancer who underwent glossectomy and reconstruction by ALTFF were retrospectively analyzed in this work. At intervals of 3-month before operation, as well as both 3-month and 12-month post-operation, the QOL of these patients was assessed by using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile questionnaires(OHIP-14) and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module(EORTC-QLQ-H&N35)...

PURPOSE: Surgical preservation of laryngeal function is very challenging in patients with advanced SCCL, especially those of stage T4a. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of organ preservation surgery for patients with T4a squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx (SCCL). METHODS: We enrolled 32 patients with T4a SCCL and performed organ preservation surgery on them. Surgical details and perioperative morbidity were described, functional and oncologic outcomes were also evaluated...

Mutations in CPLANE1 (previously known as C5orf42) cause Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome type VI (OFD6) as well as milder Joubert syndrome (JS) phenotypes. Seven new cases from five unrelated families diagnosed with pure OFD6 were systematically examined. Based on the clinical manifestations of these patients and those described in the literature, we revised the diagnostic features of OFD6 and include the seven most common characteristics: 1) molar tooth sign, 2) tongue hamartoma and/or lobulated tongue, 3) additional frenula, 4) mesoaxial polydactyly of hands, 5) preaxial polydactyly of feet, 6) syndactyly and/or bifid toe, and 7) hypothalamic hamartoma...

Study Objectives: Upper airway stimulation has been shown to be an effective treatment for some patients with obstructive sleep apnea. However, the mechanism by which hypoglossal nerve stimulation increases upper airway caliber is not clear. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify the mechanism of action of upper airway stimulation. We hypothesized that, with upper airway stimulation, responders would show greater airway opening in the retroglossal (base of the tongue) region, greater hyoid movement toward the mandible, and greater anterior motion in the posterior, inferior region of the tongue compared with nonresponders...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a major etiological factor for tonsillar and the base of tongue cancer (TSCC/BOTSCC). HPV-positive and HPV-negative TSCC/BOTSCC present major differences in mutations, mRNA expression and clinical outcome. Earlier protein studies on TSCC/BOTSCC have mainly analyzed individual proteins. Here, the aim was to compare a larger set of cancer and immune related proteins in HPV-positive and HPV-negative TSCC/BOTSCC in relation to normal tissue, presence of HPV, and clinical outcome. Fresh frozen tissue from 42 HPV-positive and 17 HPV-negative TSCC/BOTSCC, and corresponding normal samples, were analyzed for expression of 167 proteins using two Olink multiplex immunoassays...

Different gustatory papilla types vary in their locations on the tongue. Distinctions have often made between types, but variation within fungiform papillae has seldom been explored. Here, regional differences in fungiform papillae were investigated by flowing solutions selectively over either an anterior fungiform (AF, tongue tip) or a posterior fungiform (PF, middle third) region as taste-evoked activity was measured in the chorda tympani nerve of C57BL/6J (B6) mice. Significantly larger responses were evoked by NaCl applied to the AF than PF region, and the ENaC blocker amiloride reduced the NaCl response size only for the former...

BACKGROUND: A total of 60 three-way crossbred (Landrace, Duroc, and Yorkshire) pigs, which were divided into two groups (processed sulfur-fed pigs, SFP; and non-processed sulfur-fed pigs, NSFP), were used to determine the effect of supplementation with 3g/kg processed sulfur on water-soluble precursors, free amino acids, and taste of meat using an electronic tongue, during refrigerated storage. RESULTS: Glycogen and glucose levels of SFP were significantly higher than in NSFP...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown that vitamin D plays an important role in many disease processes. However, data is lacking which correlates the common symptoms attributed with vitamin D levels. This study was undertaken to find the correlation of symptoms and Vitamin D levels among ethnic Saudi Arabian population. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was made and translated in the Arabic language, which included, age, weight and height, ethnicity and marital status...

Current data advocate that oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) should be divided into subsites when evaluating the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and prognosis. More specifically, tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) and base of tongue squamous cell carcinoma (BOTSCC) have much higher HPV prevalence compared to other OPSCC. Moreover, patients with HPV positive (HPV+) TSCC and BOTSCC have a better prognosis as compared to patients with HPV negative (HPV-) corresponding tumors, while the prognostic role of HPV in other OPSCC is unclear...

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, severity, and pattern of evolution of swallowing impairments encountered in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients before and after chemoradiation (CRT) with videofluoroscopy of swallowing study (VFSS), using the modified barium swallow impairment profile (MBSImP) protocol and scoring system, and to determine the appropriate time points in which these patients should undergo VFSS post-CRT. A prospective cohort of 69 patients with locally advanced HNC underwent VFSS with the MBSImP protocol at 5 evaluation points: pre-CRT, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post-CRT...