Luto

Introduction : To evaluate the clinical usefulness of demographic data, fetal imaging findings and urinary analytes were used for predicting poor postnatal renal function in children with congenital megacystis. Materials and methods : A systematic review was conducted in MEDLINE's electronic database from inception to December 2023 using various combinations of keywords such as "luto" [All Fields] OR "lower urinary tract obstruction" [All Fields] OR "urethral valves" [All Fields] OR "megacystis" [All Fields] OR "urethral atresia" [All Fields] OR "megalourethra" [All Fields] AND "prenatal ultrasound" [All Fields] OR "maternal ultrasound" [All Fields] OR "ob-stetric ultrasound" [All Fields] OR "anhydramnios" [All Fields] OR "oligohydramnios" [All Fields] OR "renal echogenicity" [All Fields] OR "biomarkers" [All Fields] OR "fetal urine" [All Fields] OR "amniotic fluid" [All Fields] OR "beta2 microglobulin" [All Fields] OR "osmolarity" [All Fields] OR "proteome" [All Fields] AND "outcomes" [All Fields] OR "prognosis" [All Fields] OR "staging" [All Fields] OR "prognostic factors" [All Fields] OR "predictors" [All Fields] OR "renal function" [All Fields] OR "kidney function" [All Fields] OR "renal failure" [All Fields]...

BACKGROUND: Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) describes a heterogeneous group of congenital malformations. Posterior urethral valves (PUV) represent the most common entity. Familial occurrence has been described, suggestive of underlying genetic factors. LUTO can occur in various degrees of severity. In severe forms, oligohydramnios, pulmonary hypoplasia, and renal damage can occur resulting in high pre- and postnatal mortality. On the contrary, mild forms may become apparent through recurrent urinary tract infections...

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular dysfunction associated with acute kidney injury has been recently described in veterinary medicine, but limited information is available for cats with urinary tract obstruction (UTO). OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study aimed to describe the type, frequency, timeline, and risk factors for cardiovascular events (CVEs) in cats treated for acute UTO. ANIMALS AND PROCEDURES: Medical records of cats admitted to the intensive care unit for either upper (ureteral: UUTO) or lower (urethral: LUTO) UTO from 2016 to 2021 were reviewed...

OBJECTIVE: Fetal Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) is associated with oligohydramnios and significant fetal morbidity, resulting in poor lung development and perinatal death. However, oligohydramnios may develop at different gestational periods, and the impact of timing on fetal outcomes remains unknown. Our objective was to characterize the impact onset of oligohydramnios had on prenatal outcomes. METHODS: This study is a retrospective cohort study of all patients with a prenatal diagnosis of LUTO at our tertiary referral center from 2014 to 2023...

Fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a severe malformation associated with an up to 80% mortality risk as well as significant renal and pulmonary morbidity in survivors. Fetal vesico-amniotic shunts (VAS) bypass the bladder obstruction, improve amniotic fluid volume and enhance in-utero pulmonary development. VAS has been shown to reduce respiratory morbidity and mortality in the neonatal period without proven benefit on long-term renal and bladder function. Clinically available shunts are associated with an up to 80% dislodgement rate, leading to repeat invasive procedures which increase fetal and maternal risks...

PURPOSE: Pregnancies complicated by prenatally suspected lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) can be associated with high rates of terminations due to potentially poor outcomes. Herein, we assessed autopsy findings of fetuses terminated for suspected LUTO to evaluate the prenatal diagnostic accuracy and spectrum of underlying pathologies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of all pregnancies referred to a high-risk fetal center in a universal access to care health care system for suspected LUTO that opted for termination of pregnancy between 2009 and 2022...

BACKGROUND: Congenital lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a rare but significant condition affecting fetal urinary tract development. LUTO has a range of etiologies, with posterior urethral valves (PUV) being the most common cause. The prenatal diagnosis of LUTO plays a crucial role in recognizing the condition and guiding management decisions. Prenatal ultrasound serves as the primary tool for identifying LUTO, with key findings including megacystis, bladder wall thickening, oligohydramnios, hydronephrosis, and the 'keyhole sign' indicating dilatation of the posterior urethra...

INTRODUCTION:  Neonates with lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) experience high morbidity and mortality associated with the development of chronic kidney disease. The prenatal detection rate for LUTO is less than 50%, with late or missed diagnosis leading to delayed management and long-term sequelae in the remainder. We aimed to explore the trends in prenatal detection and management at a high-risk fetal center and determine if similar trends of postnatal presentations were noted for the same period...

OBJECTIVE: Fetal megacystis generally presents as suspected lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO), which is associated with severe perinatal morbidity. Genetic etiologies underlying LUTO or a LUTO-like initial presentation are poorly understood. Our objectives are to describe single gene etiologies in fetuses initially ascertained to have suspected LUTO and to elucidate genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS: A retrospective case series of suspected fetal LUTO positive for a molecular diagnosis was collected from five centers in the Fetal Sequencing Consortium...

Hyperpolarized (HP) xenon-129 (129 Xe), when dissolved in blood, has two NMR resonances: one in red blood cells (RBC) and one in plasma. The impact of numerous blood components on these resonances, however, has not yet been investigated. This study evaluates the effects of elevated glucose levels on the chemical shift (CS) and T2* relaxation times of HP 129 Xe dissolved in sterile citrated sheep blood for the first time. HP 129 Xe was mixed with sheep blood samples premixed with a stock glucose solution using a liquid-gas exchange module...

INTRODUCTION: Intrauterine vesicoamniotic shunting (VAS) using a Somatex® shunt was shown to significantly affect survival of male fetuses with megacystis in suspected lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) [Figure 1]. Data on postnatal surgical management and complications are largely lacking. OBJECTIVE: To describe the postnatal management of patients with prenatal VAS for megacystitis in suspected severe LUTO. STUDY DESIGN: All male newborns with previous intrauterine VAS using a Somatex® shunt treated in our institution were retrospectively analyzed...

Lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) is a rare birth defect with a prevalence between 1 in 5,000 and 1 in 25,000 pregnancies. LUTO is one of the most common causes of congenital abnormalities of the renal tract. Several genetic conditions have been associated with LUTO. Most common causes of LUTO are posterior urethral valves and urethral atresia. Despite available prenatal and postnatal treatments, LUTO is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in newborns causing significant end stage renal disease and pulmonary hypoplasia...

Fetal upper tract urinary system dilation is one of the most common findings on prenatal ultrasonography. Rarely, this may represent fetal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO), of which posterior urethral valves are the predominant etiology. LUTO is the most dire fetal urologic diagnosis, as it affects not only the baby's management after birth but sometimes the course of the pregnancy itself. A variety of treatment options are available prenatally; these include observation, vesicoamniotic shunt placement, amnioinfusion, and attempts at direct treatment of the valves themselves...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital urinary obstruction is a common cause of end-stage renal disease in the pediatric population. However, non-invasive diagnostics to predict which patients will benefit from early intervention are lacking. METHODS: Using a rat model of upper and lower urinary tract partial obstruction and the Nanostring nCounter Fibrosis V2 Panel, we evaluated the mRNA cargo of urinary small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) and mRNA expression patterns of kidney and bladder tissues from rats with lower tract urinary obstruction and upper tract urinary obstruction...

INTRODUCTION: A nomogram for predicting the diagnosis of lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) based on an antenatal ultrasound index generated from a Bayesian Meta-regression analysis has been in development and noted with superior diagnostic accuracy compared to the keyhole sign (KHS). We aim to assess the accuracy of the nomogram in expanded diagnostic utilization to predict LUTO. METHODOLOGY: The validation of the nomogram for expanded diagnostic utilization was based on data from a prospective institutional antenatal clinic database between January 2020 and June 2022...

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of course and outcome of pregnancies with prenatally diagnosed fetal urinoma in a single center over a 20-year period. METHODS: Retrospective study including all prenatally suspected or diagnosed fetal urinomas. Cases were analyzed by ultrasound findings during pregnancy, comparing urinomas caused by lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) and ureteropelvic or ureterovesical junction obstruction (UPJO/UVJO). Course of pregnancy and outcomes were compared according to the underlying etiology...

Advances in molecular biology are improving our understanding of the genetic causes underlying human congenital lower urinary tract (i.e., bladder and urethral) malformations. This has recently led to the identification of the first disease-causing variants in the gene BNC2 for isolated lower urinary tract anatomical obstruction (LUTO), and of WNT3 and SLC20A1 as genes implicated in the pathogenesis of the group of conditions called bladder-exstrophy-epispadias complex (BEEC). Implicating candidate genes from human genetic data requires evidence of their influence on lower urinary tract development and evidence of the found genetic variants' pathogenicity...

Prenatal therapy for LUTO (Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction) is debated due to mixed results regarding postnatal renal function following fetal cystoscopy or vesicoamniotic shunting. Current literature is, however, limited by the inability to determine the cause of the obstruction using plain sonography and the lack of selection criteria for fetuses who may benefit from prenatal therapy. Fetal cystoscopy may serve as a diagnostic tool and would offer a more "physiologic" treatment for bladder outlet obstruction...

OBJECTIVE: We evaluate survival of fetuses with severe Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction (LUTO) based on bladder morphology. We hypothesize that fetuses with a "floppy" appearing bladder on initial prenatal ultrasound will have worse infant outcomes than fetuses with full/rounded bladders. METHOD: We retrospectively reviewed all cases of LUTO evaluated in our fetal center between January 2013 and December 2021. Ultrasonographic assessment, renal biochemistry, and bladder refilling contributed to a "favorable" or "unfavorable" evaluation...

Extracranial malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are very rare and aggressive tumors. They are typically associated with an extremely poor prognosis, particularly when seen in the infant and neonatal population. Here we present the case of a newborn female born with a large vaginal mass and evidence of prenatal lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) that was determined to be a MRT of vaginal origin. In this report, we will also discuss an overview of extracranial MRT tumor biology and treatment considerations.