Diazepam in premedication

Heart rate variability (HRV) is one of the assessments of cardiovascular risk during general anesthesia. This study aimed to assess the effects of an anesthetic drug on HRV in cats and to provide information for clinical applications. Twenty-four healthy client-owned cats of various breeds, 12 females and 12 males scheduled for elective surgery, were enrolled in this study. The cats were premedicated and induced with 4 protocols: protocol 1, diazepam (0.3 mg/kg) and propofol (2-4 mg/kg) IV; protocol 2, diazepam (0...

We aimed to evaluate the potential anxiolytic effects of premedication with pregabalin, compared with diazepam and placebo. We conducted this non-inferiority, double-blind, randomized controlled trial in ASA classification I-II patients aged 18-70 years, scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. They were allocated to receive pregabalin (75 mg the night before surgery and 150 mg 2 h before surgery), diazepam (5 and 10 mg in the same manner) or placebo. Preoperative anxiety was evaluated using verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS) and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) before and after premedication...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a prophylactic lidocaine constant rate infusion (CRI) on the incidence and malignancy of catheter-induced ventricular ectopic complexes (VECs) during balloon valvuloplasty for management of pulmonic stenosis in dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Single-centre, prospective, randomized study. ANIMALS: Client-owned dogs (n = 70) with pulmonic stenosis. METHODS: Dogs were randomly assigned to one of two anaesthetic protocols: administration of lidocaine 2 mg kg-1 bolus followed by a CRI (50 μg kg-1 minute-1 ; group LD) or a saline placebo (group SL) during balloon valvuloplasty...

BACKGROUND: Pediatric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tompgraphy (CT) require patient immobility and therefore often require sedation or general anesthesia of patients. Consensus on these procedures is lacking in France. OBJECTIVE: Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the current sedation practices for pediatric MRI and CT in France. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2019 to December 2019, an online questionnaire was delivered by electronic mail to a representative radiologist in 60 pediatric radiology centers registered by the French-speaking pediatric and prenatal imaging society...

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria following single induction dose of propofol in a dog. CASE SUMMARY: A 5-year-old intact male Shih-Tzu dog was presented for pigmenturia occurring a few hours following anesthesia for comprehensive oral health assessment and treatment. After premedication with IV diazepam (0.5 mg/kg), anesthesia was induced with IV propofol (4 mg/kg) and maintained with isoflurane vaporized in oxygen. A few hours following recovery from anesthesia, the dog developed rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria associated with increased serum alanine aminotransferase and C-reactive protein concentrations, as well as mild hypokalemia and euglycemic glycosuria...

(1) Background: the variety of autism spectrum disorder makes the definition of guidelines for dental care a challenging task. The aim of this review was to evaluate the literature concerning the use of conscious sedation for dental treatments in pediatric autistic patients. (2) Methods: we searched MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane databases in order to identify pertinent studies. The search strategy was based on these areas of interest: autistic spectrum disorder, pediatric patients, dentistry, tranquilizing agents, and conscious sedation...

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to investigate the effect of endotracheal intubation on nasal and tracheal endogenous NO concentrations, gas exchange and oxygenation in horses undergoing general anaesthesia. In many species a major part of physiological nitric oxide (NO) production takes place in the nasopharynx. Inhaled NO acts as a pulmonary vasodilator and regulates lung perfusion and endotracheal intubation bypasses the nasopharynx. Six horses were randomly assigned to either the "intubated" (INT) or the "non-intubated" (nINT) treatment group...

Benzodiazepines are one of the most commonly used medications in the field of anesthesia. They offer excellent anxiolytic and amnestic properties ideal for the perioperative period when patient anxiety is understandably heightened. Remimazolam has presented a favorable alternative to some of the common intravenous anesthetic agents used given its fast onset of action, high safety profile, and reasonably short duration of action. The drugs within the four classes of benzodiazepines, 2-keto-benzodiazepines, 3-hydroxy-benzodiazepines, triazolo-benzodiazepines, and 7-nitro-benzodiazepines provide varying degrees of anxiolysis, sedation, and amnesia...

This study examined the analgesic and cardiopulmonary effects of intravenous (IV) tramadol during general intravenous anesthesia in calves. Calves were premedicated with diazepam (0.2 mg/kg, IV) with tramadol (2 mg/kg, IV) (group T) or saline (group S). Anesthesia was induced by thiamylal sodium (4 mg/kg, IV) and maintained with an infusion (2 ml/kg/hr) of 5% guaifenesin containing thiamylal sodium (2 mg/ml). Additional thiamylal sodium (1-2 mg/kg, IV) was administered when interference from the calves was observed during surgery...

The aim was to determine the effects of vatinoxan on dexmedetomidine plasma concentrations and effects on cardiovascular and intestinal tissue pharmacodynamics. In a prospective randomized study, six horses were premedicated intravenously with dexmedetomidine 3.5 µg kg-1 followed by a constant-rate infusion of 7 µg kg-1  h-1 (group DEX) and six horses with dexmedetomidine of the same dose (bolus and constant-rate infusion) combined with vatinoxan 130 µg kg-1 followed by 40 µg kg-1  h-1 (group VAT)...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate perioperative stress-related hormones in isoflurane-anesthetized horses administered infusions of dexmedetomidine alone or with butorphanol or remifentanil, compared with ketamine-morphine. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, nonblinded clinical study. ANIMALS: A total of 51 horses undergoing elective surgical procedures. METHODS: Horses were premedicated with xylazine, anesthesia induced with ketamine-diazepam and maintained with isoflurane and one of four intravenous infusions...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of two different doses of butorphanol combined with detomidine administered intravenously (IV) on quality of sedation, degree of ataxia and anaesthetic induction in horses. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, blinded, clinical study. ANIMALS: A total of 40 client-owned healthy warmblood horses scheduled for elective surgery under general anaesthesia. METHODS: Horses were randomly allocated to be administered 8 μg kg-1 detomidine IV plus either 20 or 50 μg kg-1 butorphanol IV, with the principal investigator blinded to group allocation...

Goals/Purpose: To evaluate the effects of preoperative oral diazepam on the postoperative course of patients undergoing primary augmentation mammoplasty in an outpatient surgical center. Methods/Technique: A retrospective review was conducted of 189 patients undergoing primary breast augmentation at an outpatient surgical center from 2012 to 2015. Patients receiving same-day premedication with oral diazepam were compared with a control group without premedication. Patients with combined surgical procedures were excluded with the exception of minor, superficial procedures...

This study compared arterial blood gas parameters in anesthetized adult donkeys after a 5-hour fast ( n = 22) or no fast ( n = 21). Donkeys were premedicated with xylazine, induced to anesthesia with ketamine and diazepam or midazolam, and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen while breathing spontaneously and positioned in lateral recumbency. Sampling occurred approximately 25 minutes after induction. Arterial pH, bicarbonate concentration, and base excess were higher in fasted donkeys compared to unfasted donkeys...

A 2-day-old filly was referred to the hospital with abdominal pain and constipation. The foal presented tachycardia, tachypnea, hypoxemia, hyperlactatemia, and abdominal distension. Meconium impaction was diagnosed, and the filly underwent abdominal surgery. Diazepam and butorphanol were administered for anesthesia premedication, but sedative effects were mild. Xylazine was used to enhance sedation and ketamine was subsequently administered for induction. The foal showed swallow reflex and head movement when intubation was attempted...

Among odontogenic tumors, odontoma is the most frequent. The common treatment contemplates a conservative approach. While this procedure is generally accepted and tolerated, some difficulties may be encountered in the case of pediatric patients. Indeed, negative feelings of tension, apprehension, nervousness, and fear are likely to occur. The present report is aimed at discussing the management of a compound odontoma in a pediatric patient under anxiolysis with diazepam on an outpatient basis. The surgery was carried out without complications, and the discharge was completed safely...

Purpose: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of oral lorazepam as night sedation and premedication with diazepam. Methods: A prospective, randomized, and double-blind study was done in 50 healthy patients in each drug group. The impacted third molar impaction was taken as the study model. Study was carried out after giving bioequivalent doses of respective drugs for either side. All the patients were assessed for quality of sleep, sedation, recall of visual stimuli, cooperation shown by patient and recovery postoperatively...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of propofol and ketamine/diazepam for induction following premedication on intraocular pressure (IOP) in healthy dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, quasi-experimental, unmasked, longitudinal. ANIMALS: A total of 61 client-owned dogs. METHODS: Dogs were anesthetized twice with a 4 week washout period. Premedication with dexmedetomidine (5 μg kg-1 ) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg kg-1 ) intramuscularly was followed by either propofol (4 mg kg-1 ) or ketamine (5 mg kg-1 ) and diazepam (0...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the dose-sparing effect of midazolam or diazepam on the dose of alfaxalone required to achieve endotracheal intubation in premedicated dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, 'blinded', controlled clinical trial. ANIMALS: Ninety healthy dogs anaesthetized for elective surgery or diagnostic procedures. METHODS: Saline (0.1 mL kg-1 ), or midazolam or diazepam (0.2, 0.3, 0.4 or 0.5 mg kg-1 ) intravenously (IV) was randomly assigned; investigators were unaware of group designation...

Aims: In this study, we examined the effects of the routinely administration of benzodiazepines on reducing periprocedural anxiety versus no premedication. Methods: In this open label study, we enrolled 1683 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiograms (CAG) or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). Randomisation was simulated by systematically allocating patients in monthly rotational periods to lorazepam 1  mg/sl, oxazepam 10  mg/po, diazepam 5  mg/po, midazolam 7...