Real world data

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is recommended as the initial mode of ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure in patients with AECOPD. The Noninvasive Ventilation Outcomes (NIVO) score has been proposed to evaluate the prognosis in patients with AECOPD requiring assisted NIV. However, it is not validated in Chinese patients. METHODS: We used data from the MAGNET AECOPD Registry study, which is a prospective, noninterventional, multicenter, real-world study conducted between September 2017 and July 2021 in China...

This review article focuses on the applications of deep learning with neural networks and multimodal neural networks in the orthopaedic domain. By providing practical examples of how artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied successfully in orthopaedic surgery, particularly in the realm of imaging data sets and the integration of clinical data, this study aims to provide orthopaedic surgeons with the necessary tools to not only evaluate existing literature but also to consider AI's potential in their own clinical or research pursuits...

Molecular profiling of clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tumors of clinical trial patients has identified distinct transcriptomic signatures with predictive value, yet data in non-clear cell variants (nccRCC) are lacking. We examined the transcriptional profiles of RCC tumors representing key molecular pathways, from a multi-institutional, real-world patient cohort, including ccRCC (n = 508) and centrally-reviewed nccRCC (n = 149) samples. ccRCC had increased angiogenesis signature scores compared to the heterogeneous group of nccRCC tumors (mean z-score 0...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is a major health burden in Austria; however, limited real-world data exist on the diagnostic and treatment reality of lung cancer patients in Austria. The collection of high-quality data in a clinical setting is needed to gain insights into the real-world diagnostic and therapeutic management of lung cancer patients. METHODS: The Karl Landsteiner Institute for Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology implemented the Landsteiner lung cancer research platform (LALUCA), recruiting unselected lung cancer patients from two high volume centers in Vienna...

BACKGROUND: Hypoglycemic pharmacotherapy interventions for alleviating the risk of dementia remains controversial, particularly about dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors versus metformin. Our objective was to investigate whether the initiation of DPP4 inhibitors, as opposed to metformin, was linked to a reduced risk of dementia. METHODS: We included individuals with type 2 diabetes over 40 years old who were new users of DPP4 inhibitors or metformin in the Chinese Renal Disease Data System (CRDS) database between 2009 and 2020...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) offers a standardized approach for imaging hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the diverse styles and structures of radiology reports complicate automatic data extraction. Large language models hold the potential for structured data extraction from free-text reports. Our objective was to evaluate the performance of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-4 in extracting LI-RADS features and categories from free-text liver magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reports...

Selective and sensitive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) holds paramount importance in real-world applications. This study proposes an innovative approach utilizing a single ReS2 field-effect transistor (FET) characterized by distinct in-plane anisotropy, specifically tailored for VOC recognition. The unique responses of ReS2, endowed with robust in-plane anisotropic properties, demonstrate significant difference along the a-axis and b-axis directions when exposed to four kinds of VOCs: acetone, methanol, ethanol, and IPA...

BACKGROUND: Colitis was the third most common immune-related adverse effect in melanoma patients treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI). With the limitation of real-world data in the UK population, this study was conducted in a UK hospital where a fresh colitis guidance was introduced to evaluate the overall grading (OG) to assess colitis severity and guide the treatment. AIMS: This study aimed to investigate colitis severity by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade and overall grade at time of presentation...

INTRODUCTION: Disease control is essential to decrease morbidity burden and mortality in acromegaly patients. In the last decades, the availability of new drugs increased the rate of disease control. However, up to 55% of patients remain uncontrolled despite available treatment strategies in real-world data. The reasons for this finding may include poor adherence, inadequate tolerability, therapeutic inertia, and high costs. Since acromegaly is a chronic disease and medical therapy is usually life-long, patient's adherence to treatment is fundamental in both achieving and maintaining disease control...

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable disease characterized by frequent relapses and a need for multiple treatments, often progresses to a relapse/refractory status resistant to all available drugs and drug classes. Bispecific antibodies, specifically BCMA T-cell engagers, have emerged as effective treatments for MM, demonstrating impressive efficacy. However, these treatments can adversely affect the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections. METHODS/RESULTS: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of BCMA T-cell engagers in 58 Swedish patients with poor MM prognosis...

Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is proposed as a means of reducing global warming and climate change impacts. Similar to aerosol enhancements produced by volcanic eruptions, introducing particles into the stratosphere would reflect sunlight and reduce the level of warming. However, uncertainties remain about the roles of nucleation mechanisms, ionized molecules, impurities (unevaporated residuals of injected precursors), and ambient conditions in the generation of SAI particles optimally sized to reflect sunlight...

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can now be cured with well-tolerated direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. However, a potential barrier to HCV elimination is the emergence of resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) that reduce the efficacy of antiviral drugs, but real-world studies assessing the clinical impact of RASs are limited. Here, an analysis of the impact of RASs on retreatment outcomes for different salvage regimens in patients nationally who failed first-line DAA therapy is reported...

SIGNIFICANCE: Compressed sensing (CS) uses special measurement designs combined with powerful mathematical algorithms to reduce the amount of data to be collected while maintaining image quality. This is relevant to almost any imaging modality, and in this paper we focus on CS in photoacoustic projection imaging (PAPI) with integrating line detectors (ILDs). AIM: Our previous research involved rather general CS measurements, where each ILD can contribute to any measurement...

Little is known about the methods and outcomes of patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) use among high-risk medical device registries. The objective of this scoping review was to assess the utility and predictive ability of PROMs in high-risk medical device registries. We searched Ovid Medline, Embase, APA PsychINFO, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases for published literature. After searching, 4323 titles and abstracts were screened, and 262 full texts were assessed for their eligibility. Seventy-six papers from across orthopedic ( n = 64), cardiac ( n = 10), penile ( n = 1), and hernia mesh ( n = 1) device registries were identified...

INTRODUCTION: Pheochromocytomas (PCC) and paragangliomas (PGL) (collectively PPGL) are a type of rare hypervascular neuroendocrine tumors that are very challenging to treat. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of the multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor anlotinib for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic (LA/M) PPGL. METHODS: A total of 37 eligible patients with unresectable or progressive LA/M PPGL were enrolled. Of them, 27 patients received anlotinib alone (n = 19) or in combination (n = 8) with radionuclide therapies, including peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and iodine 131 meta-iodobenzylguanidine (131 I-MIBG)...

BACKGROUND: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating chronic skin disease; its therapeutic approach often requires combined medical and surgical treatment. METHODS: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of the surgical approach combined with different pharmacological treatments, evaluating the proportion of patients achieving the hidradenitis suppurativa clinical response (HiSCR), along with the incidence of postoperative complications, and local recurrence...

BACKGROUND: This real-world analysis aimed at characterizing patients hospitalized for alopecia areata (AA) in Italy, focusing on comorbidities, treatment patterns and the economic burden for disease management. METHODS: Administrative databases of healthcare entities covering 8.9 million residents were retrospectively browsed to include patients of all ages with hospitalization discharge diagnosis for AA from 2010 to 2020. The population was characterized during the year before the first AA-related hospitalization (index-date) and followed-up for all the available successive period...

BACKGROUND: Pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis (PLO), as well as premenopausal osteoporosis, might be a predictor of future fracture. This study aimed to describe the clinical features of PLO as a subtype of premenopausal osteoporosis and to evaluate medical interventions for it. METHODS: From an administrative claims database including 4,224,246 people in Japan, we classified women for whom the date of childbirth had been defined and who had suffered low-trauma fracture between the ages of 18-47 years as the premenopausal osteoporosis group...

Hyperspectral imaging is a remote sensing technique that enables remote, noninvasive measurement of plant traits. Here, we outline the procedures for camera setup, scanning, and calibration, along with the acquisition of black and white reference materials, which are the key steps in collecting hyperspectral imagery. We also discuss the development of predictive models such as partial least-squares regression, using both large and small datasets, which are used to predict plant traits from hyperspectral data...

BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is effective for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke with smaller volumes of CT perfusion (CTP)-defined core. However, the influence of perfusion imaging during thrombectomy on the functional outcomes of patients with large ischemic core (LIC) stroke at both early and late time windows is uncertain in real-world practice. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed on 99 patients who underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) and CT perfusion (CTP)-Rapid Processing of Perfusion and Diffusion (RAPID) before EVT and had a baseline ischemic core ≥ 50 mL and/or Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) score of 0-5...