Pulmon

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Lung cancer is the second type of cancer with the second highest incidence rate and the first with the highest mortality rate in the world. Machine learning through the analysis of imaging tests such as positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has become a fundamental tool for the early and accurate detection of cancer. The objective of this study was to propose an image analysis architecture (PET/CT) ordered in phases through the application of ensemble or combined machine learning methods for the early detection of lung cancer by analyzing PET/CT images...

BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPC) are the most frequent postoperative complications, with an estimated prevalence in elective surgery ranging from 20% in observational cohort studies to 40% in randomized clinical trials. However, the prevalence of PPCs in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery is not well defined. Lung-protective ventilation aims to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury and reduce PPCs. The open lung approach (OLA), which combines recruitment manoeuvres (RM) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration, aims to minimize areas of atelectasis and the development of PPCs; however, there is no conclusive evidence in the literature that OLA can prevent PPCs...

BACKGROUND: Surgically repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart disease with a cumulative survival rate of 72% in the 4th decade of life in longitudinal single-cohort studies. Debate surrounds conservative versus surgical management in adults with TOF once pulmonary regurgitation occurs. CASE PRESENTATION: A 73-year-old male with surgically corrected TOF presented with heart failure symptoms. He underwent ToF repair with a classic right Blalock-Taussig shunt at 2 years of age with transannular patching at 18 years of age...

Background: Echocardiography has long been established as the primary noninvasive method for diagnosing pulmonary hypertension (PH) prior to transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis (AS). In recent years, radiological methods for diagnosing PH have been investigated. Measurements such as the computed tomography angiography (CTA)-derived pulmonary artery (PA) diameter and PA diameter/body surface area (PA/BSA) have shown promising results regarding their diagnostic strength...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) causes cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and cancer. The aim of this study was to estimate the mortality attributed to SHS in people aged ≥ 35 years in Spain and its autonomous communities (AC) by sex from 2016 to 2021. METHODS: Estimates of SHS-attributable mortality were calculated by applying the prevalence-dependent method where SHS exposure was derived from the adjustment of small-area models and based on the calculation of population-attributed fractions...

Some non-small cell carcinomas of the lung can express TTF1 and p40 in the same tumor cells. This event has been described in only six cases prior to this one, and only in one other female. It is an extraordinary event that appears as a new entity yet to be defined. The case presented is a woman with a non-small cell lung carcinoma with diffuse coexpression of TTF1 and p40 in the same cells.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

• Historic data indicate mild valvar PS in adults does not progress. • The prevalence of older adults with CHD is increasing. • Valvular calcification may lead to progression of PS in later life. • Echocardiography should be used for routine follow-up for PS.

Quadricuspid pulmonic valve (QPV) is a rare congenital abnormality and because of its difficult non-invasive assessment, it is usually discovered incidentally at autopsies (reported prevalence in post-mortem specimens ranges from 1 in 400 to 1 in 2000) [1,12]. Unlike a bicuspid pulmonary valve, it rarely presents with clinical complications, such as valvular insufficiency or stenosis [3]. Abnormal function is rarely reported in cases that are not associated with other congenital heart disease. With increased sophistication of imaging coincidental quadricuspid valves autopsy studies are important to understand the anatomical consequences of this finding...

We present the case of a patient with a history of renal-vascular hypertension treated with stent one year previously, who attended the emergency room due to hypertensive emergency and dyspnea. Once the first suspicion of renal artery restenosis was ruled out with CT angiography, the study was completed, confirming the diagnosis of lung cancer through imaging and pathological anatomy. In the hormonal study, elevation of ACTH, hypercortisolism and analytical data of hyperaldosteronism were detected. With the final diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome secondary to ectopic production of ACTH, medical treatment was started, without being able to receive anything else due to the death of the patient after a few days...

Neuronal signals mediated by the biogenic amine serotonin underlie critical survival strategies across the animal kingdom. This investigation examined serotonin-like immunoreactive neurons in the cerebral ganglion of the panpulmonate snail Biomphalaria glabrata , a major intermediate host for the trematode parasite Schistosoma mansoni . Five neurons comprising the cerebral serotonergic F (CeSF) cluster of B. glabrata shared morphological characteristics with neurons that contribute to withdrawal behaviors in numerous heterobranch species...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Transcatheter closure of muscular ventricular septal defects (VSD) remains a safe and effective method with low complication rates. However, device migration can pose a significant challenge to interventional cardiologists due to potential mortal consequences. A 21-year-old female presented to our clinic with exertional dyspnea and was diagnosed with a muscular VSD. The defect was percutaneously closed using an Amplatzer occluder device. On the first post-procedural day, the patient experienced repeated episodes of coughing and mild hemoptysis...

BACKGROUND & AIM: Echocardiography education involves the teaching and assessment of multiple competencies to ensure work-ready graduates. To connect these competency standards to professional practice, it is important that the industry expectation around specific entrustable professional activities (EPAs) is determined. In Australia, echocardiography examinations are eligible for Medicare reimbursement when performed by sonographers listed on the Australian Sonographers Accreditation Registry (ASAR), either as an Accredited Medical Sonographer or as an Accredited Student Sonographer...

A 39-year-old Caucasian woman affected by Noonan Syndrome (NS) mutated in RAF1 was referred to us with itchy lesions on her limbs that had appeared two months earlier. Clinically, there were multiple umbilicated papules with a hyperkeratotic central plug, localized on the upper and lower limbs (Figure 1, a-b). The patient had no personal history of diabetes mellitus or chronic renal failure, but suffered from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Blood tests showed no abnormalities. On histological examination of a skin lesion, an ectatic hair follicle with a hyperkeratotic ostium was observed with fragments of hair, inflammatory cells, and epidermal perforation...

A 13-year-old spayed female rottweiler crossbreed dog was presented with an 8-day history of abnormal gait and collapse associated with excitement or physical activity. A cardiac gallop was noticed on thoracic auscultation, and a 1st-degree atrioventricular block and sinus tachycardia were noted on an electrocardiogram. Echocardiography identified a hypoechoic, irregularly marginated luminal mass in the right ventricle at the level of the pulmonic valves. Postmortem gross examination confirmed the presence of a soft, polypoid, and botryoid mass (9 × 3 × 3 cm) with a smooth and glistening surface attached to the endocardium of the right ventricular outflow tract and extending to the pulmonary artery...

Terrestrial gastropods have a lens-bearing eye on the tip of their tentacles. There are two morphologically distinct photoreceptors, called Type-I and Type-II photoreceptors, in the retina. Type-I photoreceptors are equipped with highly developed photoreceptive microvilli in their outer rhabdomeric segment, whereas Type-II photoreceptors have short and fewer microvilli. Although both types of photoreceptors send afferent projections directly to the brain, their destinations in the brain, called optic neuropiles, have not been sufficiently investigated...

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has emerged as a preferred treatment modality for aortic stenosis, marking a significant advancement in cardiac interventions. Transcatheter heart valves (THVs) have also received approval for treating failed bioprosthetic valves and rings across aortic, mitral, tricuspid, and pulmonic positions. Unlike surgically implanted valves, which are sewn into the annulus, THVs are anchored through relative oversizing. Although THVs are designed to function optimally in a fully expanded state, they exhibit a certain degree of tolerance to underexpansion...

Valvular heart disease (VHD) is common, affecting >14% of individuals age >75, and is associated with morbidity, including heart failure and arrhythmia, and risk of early mortality. Increasingly, important sex differences are being found between men and women with VHD. These sex differences can involve the epidemiology, pathophysiology, presentation, diagnosis, and outcomes of the disease. Women are often disadvantaged, and female sex has been shown to be associated with delayed diagnosis and inferior outcomes in various forms of VHD...

While newer self-expanding pulmonic valves were primarily designed for larger right ventricular outflow tracks, there are instances where even larger anatomies cannot accommodate these devices. In this report, we describe the successful implantation of two Harmony™ valves in bilateral branch pulmonary arteries after exhausting other options.