pax 8

Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAS) is a rare subtype of mucinous adenocarcinoma characterized by gastric differentiation and is unrelated to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This report discusses a 40-year-old female who presented with abdominal distension accompanied by increased abdominal circumference. CT of the abdomen and pelvis showed a large 21.0*12.7*26.0 cm mass later diagnosed as GAS combined with squamous cell carcinoma on surgical pathology. Immunohistological staining of GAS was positive for CK7, MUC6, PAX-8 CEA, and P53 (wild type) and negative for CDX2, CK20, ER, PR, P16, and WT1...

Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is the most advanced and aggressive thyroid cancer, and poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) lacks anaplastic histology but has lost architectural and cytologic differentiation. Only a few studies have focused on the genetic relationship between the two advanced carcinomas and coexisting differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs). In the present study, we investigated clinicopathologic features and genetic profiles in 57 ATC and PDTC samples, among which 33 cases had concomitant DTC components or DTC history...

OBJECTIVES: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) shows poor prognosis since it metastasizes widely at early stage. Paired box gene (PAX) 8 is a transcriptional factor of PAX family, of which the expression in lung cancer is a controversial issue, and its prognostic value of PAX8 in SCLC is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 184 subjects who were pathologically diagnosed with SCLC were enrolled in the study. Immunohistochemical analysis of PAX8 and Ki-67 were performed...

BACKGROUND: Pre-term birth, the leading cause of neonatal mortality, has been associated with maternal periodontal disease and the presence of oral pathogens in the placenta. However, the mechanisms that underpin this link are not known. This investigation aimed to identify the origins of placental microbiota and to interrogate the association between parturition complications and immune recognition of placental microbial motifs. Video Abstract METHODS: Saliva, plaque, serum, and placenta were collected during 130 full-term (FT), pre-term (PT), or pre-term complicated by pre-eclampsia (PTPE) deliveries and subjected to whole-genome shotgun sequencing...

INTRODUCTION: Mesothelioma is an insidious neoplasm that develops from mesothelial cells. About 80% of mesotheliomas originate in the pleural cavity. Other sites where it has been reported are the peritoneal cavity, tunica vaginalis, and the pericardium. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old female complained of abdominal distention and pain for three months. There was a significant weight loss of approximately 15 kg in the past three months, and there was no family history of any malignancy, tuberculosis, substance abuse, or asbestosis exposure...

High-grade copper ores have been depleted over the years, making it a challenge in the mining industry. This investigation focused on a methodology to recover iron (Fe) and copper (Cu) from a copper/nickel slag obtained from the Bamangwato Concession Limited (BCL) mine in Botswana. In this modified flotation approach, the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used in conjunction with the Central Composite Design (CCD) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to obtain the best optimal flotation conditions for the recovery of iron and copper...

Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (XPTRCC) is a very rare kidney neoplasm, which has been predominantly reported in young patients. Sarcomatoid transformation in renal cell carcinomas is known. However, its occurrence in XPTRCC is unreported so far in the literature. We report a unique case of sarcomatoid transformation in a XPTRCC in a 23-year-old female, who presented with a huge right-sided renal mass and had metastatic deposits in lungs. Morphologically, clear cell morphology with papillary architecture along with foci of sarcomatoid transformation and rhabdoid differentiation were noted...

A 65-year-old man presented with asymptomatic retroperitoneal mass that had been detected on ultrasonography performed during a physical screening. He had no hematochezia, hematuria or any other symptoms. Tumor markers were normal, including alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, neuron-specific enolase and cancer antigen 199. Abdominal CT demonstrated a retroperitoneal mass (white arrow) accompanied by significant thickening of the jejunal wall, involving the left kidney. After enhancement, the mass showed rapid enhancement at arterial phase and venous phase, showed washout at delayed phase...

Objective: To investigate the clinical features, imaging manifestations, histopathological characteristics, and surgical outcomes in pediatric progressive restrictive strabismus. Methods: A retrospective case series study was conducted, including data from 9 cases (9 eyes) of pediatric progressive restrictive strabismus treated at Tianjin Eye Hospital from June 2017 to October 2022. The study compared the degree of globe protrusion in both eyes, changes in eyelid fissure height during internal and external rotation in the primary gaze, summarized clinical characteristics, and analyzed intraoperative conditions, surgical outcomes and postoperative histopathological results of strabismus correction surgery...

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of Bacillus subtilis strain LN8B as a bio-collector for recovering pyrite (Py) and chalcopyrite (CPy) in both seawater (Sw) and deionized water (Dw), and to explore the underlying adhesion mechanism in these bioflotation experiments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The bioflotation test utilized B. subtilis strain LN8B as the bio-collector through microflotation experiments. Additionally, frother methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) and conventional collector potassium amyl xanthate (PAX) were introduced in some experiments...

INTRODUCTION: Odontogenic lesions of the maxillofacial region constitute a complex group of lesions with diverse histopathologic types and clinical behaviour. Early diagnosis is important to minimize the need for radical surgery and to improve quality of life of the patients. Tumour markers play an essential role in the molecular level understanding of Odontogenic lesions and also used for early diagnosis and target therapies which improves the quality of life of the patients. Patched, a tumour suppressor gene encodes the transmembrane protein PTCH and is a receptor for the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog...

In human genome, members of Paired box (PAX) transcription factor family are highly sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins. Among PAX gene family members, PAX4 gene has significant role in growth, proliferation, differentiation, and insulin secretion of pancreatic β-cells. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PAX4 gene progress in the pathogenesis of various human diseases. Hence, the molecular mechanism of how these SNPs in PAX4 gene significantly progress diseases pathogenesis needs to be elucidated...

SUMMARY: A 60-year-old woman presented to our clinic with an acute onset 3 months history of right ankle pain. The patient had a history of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer, which was treated with total thyroidectomy, left lateral neck dissection levels II-V and central neck dissection levels VI-VII followed by postoperative I-131 radioactive iodine (131I) ablation therapy 3.7 GBq 6 months ago. The post-131I WBS showed residual iodine-avid thyroid tissue with no other iodine-avid disease or metastasis...

Transcription factors, as the convergence points of multiple signaling pathways in eukaryotic cells, are closely involved in disease development. Pax-8, an important transcription factor belonging to the Pax family, exerts a crucial influence on the regulation of gene expression required for both physiological conditions and pathological processes. Pax-8 contributes to the pathogenesis of many human diseases, ranging from cardiovascular disease to many cancers, and therefore, it can be imagined that Pax-8 holds great therapeutic potential...

von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is characterized by biallelic inactivation of the VHL gene leading to abnormal or absent VHL protein function, and constitutive activation of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) that leads to pro-tumorigenic signaling. Individuals with VHL disease develop numerous cysts and tumors involving multiple organs including the kidneys, central nervous system, endolymphatic sac, lungs, pancreatobiliary system, adrenal glands, epididymis, and/or broad ligament. On histologic examination, these lesions show morphologic overlap as they are frequently characterized by cells with clear cytoplasm and prominent vascularity...

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the liver is quite rare, and to our knowledge, very few cases have been reported in the literature. The exact pathogenesis of the disease is unestablished; however, it is mostly reported to be associated with hepatic cyst, Caroli's disease, hepatolithiasis, hepatic cirrhosis, and hepatic teratoma. We report a case of a 50-year-old woman with no prior medical history initially, who presented with postprandial epigastric and right upper quadrant pain that continued to worsen and was associated with early satiety, nausea, and weight loss of 25 pounds over 2 months, which prompted further evaluation by her primary care physician...

Mesonephric remnants persist as an appendix of epididymis and paradidymis in efferent ductules in males and skene's glands and Gartner's ducts in females. The mesonephric remnant in the renal parenchyma is extremely rare and only a few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case with a non-functioning atrophic left kidney. Histopathology showed variable-sized ducts filled with colloid-like material surrounded by collagenized stroma. The ureter showed hypertrophied muscle and a few ducts lined by flattened and a few by columnar epithelium resembling epididymis suggestive of mesonephric remnants...

Ovarian tumors can be classified by their origin - epithelial tumors, germ cell tumors, and stromal tumors. Malignant struma ovarii (MSO) are 0.01% of all ovarian tumors. In order to be classified as a struma ovarii, more than 50% of the teratoma consists of thyroid tissue. The thyroid tissue in the struma ovarii exhibits the same histological and physiological properties as that of the cervical thyroid tissue. Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) is an extremely rare occurrence when arising from an MSO...

Pluripotent, very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) and tissue-committed 'progenitors' termed endometrial stem cells (EnSCs) are reported in mouse uterus. They express gonadal and gonadotropin hormone receptors and thus are vulnerable to early-life endocrine insults. Neonatal exposure of mouse pups to endocrine disruption cause stem/progenitor cells to undergo epigenetic changes, excessive self-renewal, and blocked differentiation that results in various uteropathies including non-receptive endometrium, hyperplasia, endometriosis, adenomyosis, and cancer-like changes in adult life...

AIMS: Paclitaxel (Pax) is a chemotherapeutic drug from the taxane family that is used in the treatment of human cancer, including ovarian, breast, and non-small cell lung carcinoma. Chrysin (CR) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-diabetic, and anti-carcinogenic properties, as well as hepatoprotective and renoprotective activities. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of CR against Pax-induced hepatorenal toxicity on inflammation, apoptosis, antioxidant levels, oxidative DNA damage, and histopathology in rats...