cutaneous leishmaniasis

Cutaneous leishmaniasis should be considered a possible cause of skin ulcers in a patient who has traveled abroad recently and comes to the emergency department (ED) for an assessment. Before getting an accurate diagnosis, ED assessment, and proper treatment with intravenous amphotericin B, the patient presented to several other healthcare providers. This case displays the importance of a multidisciplinary approach with consultation from infectious diseases to determine an accurate diagnosis and effective treatment plan for patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

This study investigated nine provinces in northern Morocco and collected 275 skin scraping, 22 bone marrow aspirates, and 89 fine needle aspirations from suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and visceral leishmaniasis (VL) patients and potentially infected dogs. Molecular analysis using ITS1 RFLP PCR and RT-PCR revealed a higher prevalence of L. infantum (66.18 %; χ2  = 28.804; df = 1; P-value = 8.01e-08) than L. tropica in skin scraping, with L. infantum being the sole causative agent for both VL and canine leishmaniasis...

INTRODUCTION: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected vector-borne parasitic disease prevalent in 92 countries with approximately one million new infections annually. Interactions between vector saliva and the human host alter the response to infection and outcome of disease. METHODS: To characterize the human immunological responses developed against saliva of Phlebotomus duboscqi , a Leishmania major (L. major) vector, we repeatedly exposed the arms of 14 healthy U...

Leishmania braziliensis (L. braziliensis) causes cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the New World. The costs and the side effects of current treatments render imperative the development of new therapies that are affordable and easy to administer. Topical treatment would be the ideal option for the treatment of CL. This underscores the urgent need for affordable and effective treatments, with natural compounds being explored as potential solutions. The alkaloid piperine (PIP), the polyphenol curcumin (CUR), and the flavonoid quercetin (QUE), known for their diverse biological properties, are promising candidates to address these parasitic diseases...

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is characterized by potentially disfiguring skin ulcers carrying significant social stigma. To mitigate systemic drug exposure and reduce the toxicity from available treatments, studies addressing new local therapeutic strategies using available medications are coming up. This review systematically compiles preclinical and clinical data on the efficacy of amphotericin B (AmB) administered locally for cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODOLOGY: Structured searches were conducted in major databases...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a parasitic infection caused by Leishmania protozoa and transmitted by sandfly bites, can be classified into Old World and New World subtypes. We report a case of a 2-year-old female who developed complex CL after travel to Panama. Ultimately, successful treatment required two rounds of liposomal amphotericin B. We report this case for its challenging clinical course and management.

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is most common in childhood because children are exposed to the parasite early and, unlike adults, do not have immunity to CL. Since CL is less common in geriatric patients, clinical and epidemiological data in this age group are limited. This study aims to compare the clinical and demographic characteristics of geriatric patients diagnosed with CL with young patients. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 622 patients aged 65 and over and 6350 patients aged 19-64, who applied to Şanlıurfa Oriental Boil Diagnosis and Treatment Center between January 2013 and February 2024 and were diagnosed with CL by parasitological examination, were included...

Leishmaniasis in Sri Lanka was first reported in the early 1990s. Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) cases have markedly increased in recent years, demanding due attention from health authorities. The spatial distribution of CL is not homogeneous. This case-control study investigated factors that may contribute to this heterogeneous distribution through a nationwide study. Information on sociodemographic, economic, and environmental characteristics was collected from study participants (cases, n = 303; controls, n = 2,762)...

In Europe, American cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania mexicana is a rare imported disease. A series of six cases in 2023 is a noteworthy escalation at our institutions compared to the past two decades. This surge is likely linked to an increase of cases and environmental changes in South-Eastern Mexico.

BACKGROUND: In the Mediterranean basin, three Leishmania species have been identified: L. infantum, L. major and L. tropica, causing zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL), zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) and anthroponotic CL, respectively. Despite animal models and genomic/transcriptomic studies provided important insights, the pathogenic determinants modulating the development of VL and CL are still poorly understood. This work aimed to identify host transcriptional signatures shared by cells infected with L...

In Morocco, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania ( L. ) tropica is an important health problem. Despite the high incidence of CL in the country, the genomic heterogeneity of these parasites is still incompletely understood. In this study, we sequenced the genomes of 14 Moroccan isolates of L. tropica collected from confirmed cases of CL to investigate their genomic heterogeneity. Comparative genomics analyses were conducted by applying the recently established Genome Instability Pipeline (GIP), which allowed us to conduct phylogenomic and principal components analyses (PCA), and to assess genomic variations at the levels of the karyotype, gene copy number, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small insertions/deletions (INDELs) variants...

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease infecting the world's poorest populations. Miltefosine (ML) remains the primary oral drug against the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are key players in the xenobiotic efflux, and their inhibition could enhance the therapeutic index. In this study, the ability of beauvericin (BEA) to overcome ABC transporter-mediated resistance of Leishmania tropica to ML was assessed. In addition, the transcription profile of genes involved in resistance acquisition to ML was inspected...

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) usually relies on invasive samples, but it is unclear whether more patient-friendly tools are good alternatives for diverse lesions when used with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS: Patients with suspected CL were enrolled consecutively in a prospective diagnostic accuracy study. We compared dental broach, tape disc, and microbiopsy samples with PCR as index tests, using PCR with skin slit samples as reference test...

In Morocco, cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) represents a concern with three causative parasite species. Despite this, rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for CL is not part of the national control strategy. This study evaluates the acceptability and micro-costing of the CL Detect Rapid Test by Inbios International. The study was conducted from June 2019 to January 2020 and included 46 healthcare professionals from 40 primary healthcare centers and district labs. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaires and interviews and analysed using NVivo, Jamovi, and Python to generate a predictive model and sensitivity analysis by calculating the average Cost-Benefit Ratio for compared CL diagnostic scenarios...

Immunization with various Leishmania species lacking centrin induces robust immunity against a homologous and heterologous virulent challenge, making centrin mutants a putative candidate for a leishmaniasis vaccine. Centrin is a calcium-binding cytoskeletal protein involved in centrosome duplication in higher eukaryotes and Leishmania spp. lacking centrin are unable to replicate in vivo and are non-pathogenic. We developed a centrin -deficient Leishmania braziliensis ( LbCen-/- ) cell line and confirmed its impaired survival following phagocytosis by macrophages...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused, in Brazil, mainly by Leishmania braziliensis , which is a protozoan transmitted during the blood feeding of infected female sandflies. To control leishmaniasis, the participation of CD4+ Th1 cells together with macrophages, neutrophils, and other peripheral blood cells, including platelets, is necessary. These anuclear fragments, when activated, produce microvesicles (MVs) that can reach locations outside the blood, carrying molecules responsible for activating pro-inflammatory responses and antigen presentation...

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by Leishmania aethiopica is transmitted by Phlebotomus longipes in northern Ethiopia. No studies have been conducted to investigate the transmission dynamics of CL, despite its high endemicity in both rural and urban settings. Evidence on the ecology and behavior of the vector from this area are required to develop integrated disease control strategies. Sand flies were collected in the dry and wet seasons in 2021 in CL-endemic rural Gindmeteaye and urban Addis-Alem in northwest Ethiopia...

The role of the immune response in the pathogenesis of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) due to Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is predominantly carried out via blood cells. Here, we evaluate whether cytokine production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) reflects what has been documented at the lesion site. The participants included 22 CL patients diagnosed with a positive PCR. PBMCs were stimulated for 72 h with a soluble leishmania antigen (SLA). Biopsies obtained from the edge of the ulcers were incubated for the same period...

Besides being scarce, the drugs available for treating cutaneous leishmaniasis have many adverse effects. Ozone is an option to enhance the standard treatment due to the wound-healing activity reported in the literature. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of ozonated sunflower oil as an adjuvant in treating cutaneous lesions caused by Leishmania amazonensis. BALB/c mice were infected with L. amazonensis, and after the lesions appeared, they were treated in four different schedules using the drug treatment with meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime®), with or without ozonated oil...