Brain aneurism

The enteric nervous system (ENS) is recognized as a second brain because of its complexity and its largely autonomic control of bowel function. Recent progress in studying the interactions between the ENS and the central nervous system (CNS) has implicated alterations of the gut/brain axis as a possible mechanism in the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), Parkinson's disease (PD) and other human CNS disorders, whereas the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown because of the lack of good model systems...

Orbito-palpebral vascular pathology represents 10% of all the diseases of this area. The lesion may be discovered during a brain CT scan or MRI, or because it causes clinical symptoms such as orbital mass, visual or oculomotor alteration, pain, proptosis, or acute bleeding due to a complication of the lesion (hemorrhage, thrombosis). We present these lesions using an anatomical, clinical, imaging and therapeutic approach. We distinguish four different entities. Vascular tumors have common imaging characteristics (hypersignal on T2 sequence, contrast enhancement, abnormal vascularization well depicted with ultrasound and Doppler, and possible bleeding)...

This study investigated 96h median lethal concentration of endosulfan (99%, pure α: β ratio of 7:3) by conducting static non-renewable acute toxicity bio-assay in Chanos chanos juvenile with average weight (110±5.65g). Further, the effect of different definitive doses (18.5, 19.5, 20.5, 21.5 and 22.5µg/L) of endosulfan on metabolic, heamato-immunoligcal and histopathological response were probed. Anti-oxidative enzymes CAT, SOD and GST showed significant (p<0.01) increase of activity in the liver, gill and brain during exposure to endosulfan in a dose and time dependent manner...

BACKGROUND: Invasive aspergillosis (IA) of the central nervous system (CNS) is an uncommon condition that usually occurs in immunocompromised patients. This illness can manifest as meningitis, or as a micotic aneurism, stroke or abscess. The infection affects the CNS either primarily or, more often, secondarily via blood dissemination from a distant focus, and has a poor prognosis. We present a patient with IA primarily affecting the cervical bones, with later spread into the brain. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 25-year old male was receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia when he developed pneumonitis secondary to methotrexate and was started on corticosteroids...

AIM: IgG4-related disease is a systemic disease that involves organs and vascular structures, in particular, the aorta. This is the first case that showed the carotid artery involvement with dissection evolution. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a 67-year-old man with speech impairment and right-hand clumsiness, a brain computed tomography revealed signs of acute ischemia in the left frontal lobe while an echo-color Doppler sonography of the cervical vessels showed a tight stenosis of left internal carotid artery with a large pseudoaneurysm...

Theoretical and practical aspects of the complex treatment of brain and spinal vascular diseases using microsurgical, endovascular and radiosurgical methods are considered. Authors present the data demonstrating that, due to the implementation of the program of development of vascular centers in the Russian Federation, considerable progress was made in the treatment of cerebral aneurisms and hemorrhagic stroke. In author's opinion, wide introduction of surgical methods in the treatment of occlusive lesions of the blood vessels supplying the brain is needed...

Hemorrhagic insult (HI) with formation of intracranial hemorrhage of various anatomic form constitutes a typical clinical sign of the brain arterial aneurism rupture. Surgical intervention is the only one method of treatment in such patients. Some of them need performance of a one-staged or multi-staged operative interventions, directed on devascularization of the brain arterial aneurisms, evacuation or drainage of intracranial hemorrhage. One of physiological and perspective methods of clinical situation improvement is a local fibrinolytic therapy (LFTH) in complex of surgical treatment of the brain arterial aneurisms...

INTRODUCTION: The BrainSuite(®) is a highly integrated operating theater designed mainly for brain tumor surgery. The issues concerning its routine use in vascular neurosurgery have not been discussed in literature to date. We report our experience of surgical treatment of cerebral aneurysms in the BrainSuite(®), with a view to evaluating safety, feasibility, advantages, disadvantages, and contraindications. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospectively, we reviewed all the patients affected by ruptured and unruptured aneurysms that underwent craniotomy with clipping between January 2007 and May 2013 and a subsequent minimum 12-month follow up...

Gut motility disorders can result from an absent, damaged, or dysfunctional enteric nervous system (ENS). Cell therapy is an exciting prospect to treat these enteric neuropathies and restore gut motility. Previous studies have examined a variety of sources of stem/progenitor cells, but the ability of different sources of cells to generate enteric neurons has not been directly compared. It is important to identify the source of stem/progenitor cells that is best at colonizing the bowel and generating neurons following transplantation...

UNLABELLED: Lung cancer is the most common neoplasm diagnosed worldwide. Metastatic presentation of the disease is frequent. Apart from the usual sites of metastatic disease (bone, adrenals, liver, brain), a particular site for metastases is represented by skin. The case we report is about a 66 year-old man with cutaneous metastasis from lung cancer. A 66 year-old man, with a previous history of abdominal aortic aneurism, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiopathy, diabetes mellitus, was admitted to our institution for left lower lobe lung cancer...

UNLABELLED: Most patients with brain aneurisms were operated on in the late posthemorrhagic period at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the rate and structure of complications of microsurgical and endovascular surgery for different topographic anatomic variants of cerebral aneurysms in patients operated on in the late posthemorrhagic period in order to assess the risk of intervention in these patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group comprised 1074 patients with single brain aneurysms who had been treated at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute (Russian Academy of Medical Sciences) for the period from 2005 to 2012...

In gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKSRS) treatment planning, 1.5 tesla (T)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is normally used to identify the target lesion. Image artifacts and distortion arise in MRI if a titanium clip is surgically implanted in the brain to treat cerebral aneurysm. 3-T MRI scanners, which are increasingly being adopted, provide imaging of anatomic structures with better clinical usefulness than 1.5-T MRI machines. We investigated signal defects and image distortions both close to and more distant from the titanium clip in 1...

STUDY DESIGN: In vivo study defining expression of the neurotrophins, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF), in cervical intervertebral discs after painful whole-body vibration (WBV). OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study is to determine if BDNF and NGF are expressed in cervical discs after painful WBV in a rat model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: WBV is a possible source of neck pain and has been implicated as increasing the risk for disc disorders...

PATIENT: Female, 28 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Rupture of the splenic artery aneurysm Symptoms: Hypovolemic shock Medication: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Surgery. OBJECTIVE: Rare disease. BACKGROUND: ATLS principles have become a standard of care for trauma patients. However, there is poor documentation in regard to spontaneous non-traumatic life-threatening bleedings. CASE REPORT: Two women, a 21-year-old and a 28-year-old, presented to the admissions department in hemorrhagic shock...

The article contains results of examination of correlation between systemic hemodynamic and brain oxygenation and metabolism in patients with intracranial hemorrhage. Cardiac index (CI) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) levels were compared to brain oxygenation and metabolism in 8 patients with intracranial hemorrhage (137 measurements). CI alterations didn't influence on PbrO2, glucose level or lactate/pyruvate ratio in the brain interstitial fluid in patients with traumatic brain injury. CPP elevation led to cerebral metabolism improvement...

The pancreas procurement from brain-dead donors used for pancreatic islet isolation and transplantation, was analyzed between 2007-2012. The pancreas was transported to the Fundeni Clinical Institute and the islet isolation process was performed in the Cell Therapy Laboratory. There were 20 en bloc pancreas-duodenum-spleen procurement during multiorgan harvesting. Eighteen pancreata were used for islet isolation and two were used for whole pancreas transplantation.One pancreas was used for whole pancreas transplant alone and the other one was used for simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplantation...

β-thalassemia is a genetic hemoglobinopathy, which can cause hypercoagulability, vessel wall damages and thromboembolic events. Spontaneous subarachnoidal hemorrhages are not commonly described in this affection. We report subarachnoidal hemorrhage, observed during the post-partum period in a 27-year-old woman suffering from β-thalassemia major. Brain MRI revealed complex vascular abnormalities: intracranial carotid occlusion, carotid micro-aneurisms, abnormally developed deep perforators and cortical arteries...

It is unclear whether copper nanoparticles are more toxic than traditional forms of dissolved copper. This study aimed to describe the pathologies in gill, gut, liver, kidney, brain and muscle of juvenile rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, exposed in triplicate to either a control (no added Cu), 20 or 100 μg l(-1) of either dissolved Cu (as CuSO(4)) or Cu-NPs (mean primary particle size of 87 ± 27 nm) in a semi-static waterborne exposure regime. Fish were sampled at days 0, 4, and 10 for histology. All treatments caused organ injuries, and the kinds of pathologies observed with Cu-NPs were broadly of the same type as CuSO(4) including: hyperplasia, aneurisms, and necrosis in the secondary lamellae of the gills; swelling of goblet cells, necrosis in the mucosa layer and vacuole formation in the gut; hepatitis-like injury and cells with pyknotic nuclei in the liver; damage to the epithelium of some renal tubules and increased Bowman's space in the kidney...

Innervation of nociceptive nerve fibres into the normally aneural nucleus pulposus (NP) of the intervertebral disc (IVD) occurs during degeneration resulting in discogenic back pain. The neurotrophins nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which are associated with stimulation of axonal outgrowth and nociception by neuronal cells, are both expressed by NP cells, with BDNF levels increasing with disease severity. However the mechanism of interaction between human NP cells and neural cells has yet to be fully elucidated...

BACKGROUND: Neuronal stem cells (NSCs) are promising for neurointestinal disease therapy. Although NSCs have been isolated from intestinal musclularis, their presence in mucosa has not been well described. Mucosa-derived NSCs are accessible endoscopically and could be used autologously. Brain-derived Nestin-positive NSCs are important in endogenous repair and plasticity. The aim was to isolate and characterize mucosa-derived NSCs, determine their relationship to Nestin-expressing cells and to demonstrate their capacity to produce neuroglial networks in vitro and in vivo...