Dyslipidemias

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Advanced osteoarthritis of the knee joint severely affects the patient's mobility, compounded by pre-existing comorbidities such as metabolic preconditioning (such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, and insulin resistance syndrome) and both type I and type II diabetes. The success of total knee arthroplasty is influenced by knowledge and management of risk factors. The present study aims to evaluate differences in the evolution of risk factors such as obesity, injuries, and sedentary lifestyle, distinguishing those with metabolic preconditions and diabetes...

Gender-affirming hormone therapy carries the potential risk for shifts in biochemical markers that may impact cardiometabolic, hematologic, hepatic, and renal health. The critical evaluation of biochemical data is an integral part of a comprehensive nutrition assessment; therefore, nutrition professionals should be aware of shifts that are expected during the course of masculinizing and feminizing hormone therapy. Changes in important biochemical values along with binary sex-specific standards for interpreting laboratory data can pose significant challenges for nutrition professionals working with transgender and gender-diverse patients who receive gender-affirming hormone therapy...

The strong association between lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has led to considerations of Lp(a) being a potential target for mitigating residual cardiovascular risk. While approximately 20 % of the population has an Lp(a) level greater than 50 mg/dL, there are no currently available pharmacological lipid-lowering therapies that have demonstrated substantial reduction in Lp(a). Novel therapies to lower Lp(a) include antisense oligonucleotides and small-interfering ribonucleic acid molecules and have shown promising results in phase 2 trials...

High levels of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] are causal for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Lp(a) is the most prevalent inherited dyslipidemia and strongest genetic ASCVD risk factor. This risk persists in the presence of at target, guideline-recommended, LDL-C levels and adherence to lifestyle modifications. Epidemiological and genetic evidence supporting its causal role in ASCVD and calcific aortic stenosis continues to accumulate, although various facets regarding Lp(a) biology (genetics, pathophysiology, and expression across race/ethnic groups) are not yet fully understood...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) in the Tibetan population in Tibet and to provide some evidence for the prevention and control of hypertension and other related diseases in high-altitude areas. METHODS: A multistage stratified whole-group random sampling method was used to enroll participants from Ngari Prefecture, Nagqu City, Shannan City, and Lhasa City, Tibet. A total of 3918 native Tibetans with complete data were enrolled in the survey between June 2020 and August 2023...

OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a metabolic syndrome that leads to many chronic diseases worldwide. In this study, we investigate the antihyperlipidemic activities of chitosan nanoparticles (CH NPs) on silymarin (SIL) as a carrier in the drug delivery system that can improve some biochemical parameters and hormones in the model of hyperlipidemic rats receiving a high-fat diet (HFD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Physicochemical characterization of silymarin-loaded chitosannanoparticles (CH-SIL NPs) was done by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and drug loading efficiency (LE)...

The high prevalence of obesity in Mexico starting from the early stages of life is concerning and represents a major public health problem. Genetic association studies have reported that single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in SIRT1 , an NAD+- dependent deacetylase that plays an important role in the regulation of metabolic cellular functions, are associated with multiple metabolic disorders and the risk of obesity. In the present study, we analyzed the effect that the SNVs rs1467568 and rs7895833 of the SIRT1 gene may have on cardiometabolic risk factors in a young adult population from Mexico...

BACKGROUND: Prolactinomas (PRLs) are prevalent pituitary adenomas associated with metabolic changes and increased cardiovascular morbidity. This study examined clinical, endocrine, metabolic, and inflammatory profiles in PRL patients, aiming to identify potential prognostic markers. METHODS: The study comprised data from 59 PRL patients gathered in a registry at the University Hospital of Zurich. Diagnostic criteria included MRI findings and elevated serum prolactin levels...

Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) later in life potentiate risk for late cardiovascular disease (CVD) from cardiotoxic treatment among survivors. This study evaluated the association of baseline CVRFs and CVD in the early survivorship period. Methods This analysis included patients ages 0-29 at initial diagnosis and reported in the institutional cancer registry between 2010 and 2017 (n = 1228). Patients who died within five years (n = 168), those not seen in the oncology clinic (n = 312), and those with CVD within one year of diagnosis (n = 17) were excluded...

The use of nivolumab as first-line therapy for unresectable advanced gastric cancer has now become a standard practice, and its efficacy has been established. This is the first report of a patient with advanced gastric cancer who underwent conversion surgery after first-line nivolumab combination chemotherapy. The patient was a 58-year-old woman. Her medical history included hypertension and dyslipidemia. She had advanced gastric cancer with extensive lymph node metastasis in the left supraclavicular fossa and around the abdominal aorta...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent that can cause serious cardiotoxic side effects, leading to heart failure (HF). Impaired mitochondrial function is thought to be key factor driving progression into HF. We have previously shown in a rat model of DOX-HF that heart failure with reduced ejection fraction correlates with mitochondrial loss and dysfunction. Adenosine monophosphate-dependent kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor, regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and energy metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation...

BACKGROUND: Premature aortic involvement and comprehensive management strategies in familial hypercholesterolemia familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder, poses significant challenges due to its propensity for elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, premature coronary heart disease, and vascular atherosclerosis. CASE PRESENTATION: Unraveling Cardiovascular Complexities: A Striking Familial Hypercholesterolemia. This case study delves into a remarkable instance of FH in a 16-year-old female who presented with chest pain and worsening dyspnea...

BACKGROUND: The occurrence of pulmonary visceral subpleural hematoma during care of post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation including chest compressions and anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies is extremely rare. Also, there are few reports of treatment of visceral subpleural hematoma, most of which are treated by lung resection. Here we describe a rare case that pulmonary visceral subpleural hematoma arose during post-cardiopulmonary resuscitation care and was treated by hematoma evacuation...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the therapeutic effect of theabrownin extracted from Qingzhuan tea (QTB) on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatosis liver disease (MASLD) is related to the regulation of intestinal microbiota and its metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Mice were divided into four groups and received normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD) and HFD+QTB (180, 360 mg/kg) for 8 weeks. The results showed that QTB significantly reduced the body weight of HFD mice, ameliorated liver lipid and dyslipidemia, and increased the level of intestinal SCFAs in HFD mice...

BACKGROUND: Past research describes robust associations between education and health, yet findings have generally been limited to the examination of education as the number of years of education or educational attainment. Little is known about the specific features or processes underpinning education that are health protective. The objective of the current study was to address this gap by examining specific aspects of early education pertaining to student characteristics and experiences, as well as features of the classroom environment, in predicting cardiometabolic health in adulthood...

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical characteristics, hormonal profile and body composition of obese men in preoperative of bariatric surgery. METHODS: Cross-sectional, population-based study. Patients evaluated from June 2019 to December 2021 in two obesity referral centers. Patients underwent clinical evaluation, androgen deficiency screening using ADAM (Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male questionnaire), hormonal profile and body composition assessment through body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (FM-%) and mass (FM-kg) measured by electrical bioimpedance and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry...

Apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), the main protein of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plays a key role in the biogenesis and atheroprotective properties of HDL. We showed previously, that a naturally occurring apoA-I mutation, L178P, induces major defects in protein's structural integrity and functions that may underlie the increased cardiovascular risk observed in carriers of the mutation. Here, a library of marketed drugs (956 compounds) was screened against apoA-I[L178P] to identify molecules that can stabilize the normal conformation of apoA-I...

Heart failure (HF) is a condition with growing morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia in HF is not concentrated around hypercholesterolemia as in coronary artery disease. As a corollary, the robust benefits seen with statins across the spectrum of CAD have not been replicated in HF. Multiple potential pleiotropic effects of statins include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, endothelial stabilization, antiapoptotic, anti-thrombotic, and modulation of the autonomic system apart from lipid lowering. These benevolent actions need to be counterbalanced with the potential derangement of ubiquinone, selenoprotein and endotoxin pathways...

OBJECTIVE: Prediabetes accompanied by metabolic syndrome accelerates the process leading to diabetes and causes an increase in complications. The current study aimed to investigate the clinical conditions accompanying prediabetes and the effect of the association of metabolic syndrome on clinical outcomes in prediabetics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted with 88 prediabetic individuals between November 2022 and January 2023. Prediabetes was diagnosed using the American Diabetes Association (ADA) criteria, and metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the International Diabetes Federation criteria...

Carotenoids are generally associated with health-beneficial effects; however, their intake patterns related to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components remains controversial. This cross-sectional study investigated associations between dietary intakes of individual carotenoids, fruits and vegetables, and the MetS and its components. Dietary intakes of 1346 participants of the ORISCAV-LUX-2 study were investigated by a 174 item-food frequency questionnaire, and carotenoid intake was determined by linking findings using mainly the USDA food databases...