vanadium

Electric arc furnace (EAF) slag is a coproduct of steel production used primarily for construction purposes. Some applications of EAF slag result in residential exposures by incidental ingestion and inhalation of airborne dust. To evaluate potential health risks, an EAF slag characterization program was conducted to measure concentrations of metals and leaching potential (including oral bioaccessibility) in 38 EAF slag samples. Arsenic, hexavalent chromium, iron, vanadium, and manganese (Mn) were identified as constituents of interest (COIs)...

Accelerating sulfur conversion catalysis to alleviate the shuttle effect has become a novel paradigm for effective Li-S batteries. Although nitrogen-coordinated metal single-atom (M-N4) catalysts have been investigated, further optimizing its utilization rate and catalytic activities is urgently needed for practical applications. Inspired by the natural alveoli tissue with interconnected structure and well-distributed enzyme catalytic sites on the wall for the simultaneously fast diffusion and in-situ catalytic conversion of substrates, here, we proposed the controllable synthesis of bioinspired carbon cathode with interconnected porous structure and asymmetric coordinated V-S1N3 sites for efficient and stable Li-S batteries...

Calcification roasting-acid leaching is a clean, efficient, and environmentally friendly process, but in the roasting process, the local temperature is often too high, the heat release is not timely, and the heat transfer is blocked. Furthermore, the material is easy to sinter, which affects the final vanadium extraction effect. In this paper, a small amount of CeO2 was introduced in the roasting process of vanadium slag to promote the calcified roasting. The results showed that the vanadium leaching rate reached 93...

Efforts to develop high-performance electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are of utmost importance in ensuring sustainable hydrogen production. The controllable fabrication of inexpensive, durable, and high-efficient HER catalysts still remains a great challenge. Herein, we introduce a universal strategy aiming to achieve rapid synthesis of highly active hydrogen evolution catalysts using a controllable hydrogen insertion method and solvothermal process. Hydrogen vanadium bronze Hx V2 O5 was obtained through controlling the ethanol reaction rate in the oxidization process of hydrogen peroxide...

Vanadium dioxide (VO2 ) stands out for its versatility in numerous applications, thanks to its unique reversible insulator-to-metal phase transition. This transition can be initiated by various stimuli, leading to significant alterations in the material's characteristics, including its resistivity and optical properties. As the interest in the material is growing year by year, the purpose of this review is to explore the trends and current state of progress on some of the applications proposed for VO2 in the field of sensors and actuators using literature review methods...

An increasing number of studies focus on organic flow batteries (OFBs) as possible substitutes for the vanadium flow battery (VFB), featuring anthraquinone derivatives, such as anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid (2,7-AQDS). VFBs have been postulated as a promising energy storage technology. However, the fluctuating cost of vanadium minerals and risky supply chains have hampered their implementation, while OFBs could be prepared from renewable raw materials. A critical component of flow batteries is the electrode material, which can determine the power density and energy efficiency...

The natural gas production industry faces the problem of the proper disposal of produced water and its treatment with significantly advanced technologies to meet the minimum quality standard for irrigation activities, commercial purposes, and consumption by living organisms. This study describes an effective method for reducing the COD (chemical oxygen demand) content in formation water using different metal oxide nanoparticles such as iron oxide (FO), iron zinc oxide (FZO), and iron vanadium oxide (FVO) nanoparticles...

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) based on vanadium oxides or sulfides are promising candidates for large-scale rechargeable energy storage due to their ease of fabrication, low cost, and high safety. However, the commercial application of vanadium-based electrode materials has been hindered by challenging problems such as poor cyclability and low-rate performance. To this regard, sophisticated nanostructure engineering technology is used to adeptly incorporate VS2 nanosheets into the MXene interlayers to create a stable 2D heterogeneous layered structure...

Superconductivity is caused by electron pairs that are canonically isotropic, whereas some exotic superconductors are known to exhibit non-trivial anisotropy stemming from unconventional pairings. However, superconductors with hexagonal symmetry, the highest rotational symmetry allowed in crystals, exceptionally have strong constraint that is called emergent rotational symmetry (ERS): anisotropic properties should be very weak especially near the critical temperature Tc even for unconventional pairings such as d-wave states...

OBJECTIVE: To establish an analytical method for determining the migration of 24 elements in Yixing clay pottery in 4% acetic acid simulated solution by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. METHODS: Four types of Yixing clay pottery, including Yixing clay teapot, Yixing clay kettle, Yixing clay pot, and Yixing clay electric stew pot, were immersed in 4% acetic acid as a food simulant for testing. The migration amount of 24 elements in the migration solution was determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry...

VO2 (B) is recognized as a promising cathode material for aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) owing to its remarkable specific capacity and its unique, expansive tunnel structure, which facilitates the reversible insertion and extraction of Zn2+ . Nonetheless, challenges such as the inherent instability of the VO2 structure, poor ion/electron transport and a limited capacity due to the low redox potential of the V3+ /V4+ couple have hindered its wider application. In this study, we present a strategy to replace vanadium ions by doping Al3+ in VO2 ...

Multifunctional devices integrated with electrochromic and supercapacitance properties are fascinating because of their extensive usage in modern electronic applications. In this work, vanadium-doped cobalt chloride carbonate hydroxide hydrate nanostructures (V-C3 H NSs) are successfully synthesized and show unique electrochromic and supercapacitor properties. The V-C3 H NSs material exhibits a high specific capacitance of 1219.9 F g-1 at 1 mV s-1 with a capacitance retention of 100% over 30 000 CV cycles...

The accurate perception of multiple flight parameters, such as the angle of attack, angle of sideslip, and airflow velocity, is essential for the flight control of micro air vehicles, which conventionally rely on arrays of pressure or airflow velocity sensors. Here, we present the estimation of multiple flight parameters using a single flexible calorimetric flow sensor featuring a sophisticated structural design with a suspended array of highly sensitive vanadium oxide thermistors. The proposed sensor achieves an unprecedented velocity resolution of 0...

Based on a specific zinc storage mechanism and excellent electronic conductivity, transition metal dichalcogenides, represented by vanadium diselenide, are widely used in aqueous zinc-ion battery (AZIB) energy storage systems. However, most vanadium diselenide cathode materials are presently limited by low specific capacity and poor cycling life. Herein, a simple hydrothermal process has been proposed for obtaining a vanadium diselenide cathode for an AZIB. The interaction of defects and crystal planes enhances zinc storage capacity and reduces the migration energy barrier...

Contact lenses (CLs) are prone to adhesion and invasion by pollutants and pathogenic bacteria, leading to infection and inflammatory diseases. However, the functionalization of CL (biological functions such as anti-fouling, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory) and maintaining its transparency still face great challenges. In this work, as a member of the MXenes family, vanadium carbide (V2 C) is modified onto CL via a water transfer printing method after the formation of a tightly arranged uniform film at the water surface under the action of the Marangoni effect...

In this paper, we theoretically present and numerically demonstrate an actively tunable and switchable multi-functional metamaterial based on vanadium dioxide (VO2 ) and graphene in the terahertz region. When VO2 is in the metallic phase, the proposed metamaterial serves as a multi-band perfect absorber, which exhibits the characteristics of insensitive polarization and robust tolerance for variations of the incidence angle. When VO2 is in the insulator phase, the proposed metamaterial acts as a polarization converter, which can simultaneously achieve perfect linear-to-linear and linear-to-circular polarization conversions...

Ti-6Al-4V alloys are known for their suboptimal tribological properties and are often challenged by durability issues under severe wear conditions. This study was conducted to enhance the alloy's wear resistance by forming a hardened surface layer. Utilizing directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing with a diode laser, vanadium carbide particles were successfully integrated onto a Ti-6Al-4V substrate. This approach deviates from traditional surface enhancement techniques like surface hardening and cladding, as it employs DED additive manufacturing under parameters akin to those used in standard Ti-6Al-4V production...

Owing to their rich structural chemistry and unique electrochemical properties, vanadium-based materials, especially the low-dimensional ones, are showing promising applications in energy storage and conversion. In this invited review, low-dimensional vanadium-based materials (including 0D, 1D, and 2D nanostructures of vanadium-containing oxides, polyanions, and mixed-polyanions) and their emerging applications in advanced alkali-metal-ion batteries (e.g., Li-ion, Na-ion, and K-ion batteries) are systematically summarized...

MOTIVATION: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the world's most important molecular diagnostic with applications ranging from medicine to ecology. PCR can fail because of poor primer design. The nearest-neighbor thermodynamic properties, picking conserved regions, and filtration via penalty of oligonucleotides form the basis for good primer design. RESULTS: DeGenPrime is a console-based high-quality PCR primer design tool that can utilize MSA formats and degenerate bases expanding the target range for a single primer set...

A series of vanadium(III), vanadyl(IV/V) species, inorganic metal oxides, and transition-metal oxides was examined as cocatalysts with Cu(0) powder for copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Among them, vanadyl(IV) species bearing acetylacetonate, acetate, and sulfate, vanadyl(V) isopropoxide, and vanadate were suitable for the click reactions of per-acetyl and per-benzyl β-azido glycosides with three different terminal alkynes in CH3 CN. Water-soluble vanadyl(IV) sulfate was further selected for efficient click reactions for unprotected β-glycosyl azides and even compatible with a thiol-containing substrate in aqueous media at ambient temperature...