Curvularia

The southwest maize planting area is the third largest maize-producing region in China, including the entire provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan and Guizhou, parts of Guangxi and Hunan provinces. In June 2022, yellow leaf spot symptoms were observed commonly on maize in southern Yunnan province, including Pu'er City, Xishuangbanna Dai autonomous prefecture and Honghe Hani & Yi autonomous prefecture. The disease incidence on maize in Pu'er ranged from 10% to 20% from June to August. The initial symptoms appeared as needle-like spots scattered on the leaf surface with obvious yellow haloes, with a diameter ranging from 0...

This study explores beneficial bacteria isolated from the roots and rhizosphere soil of Khao Rai Leum Pua Phetchabun rice plants. A total of 315 bacterial isolates (KK1 to KK315) were obtained. Plant growth-promoting traits (phosphate solubilization and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production), and antimicrobial activity against three rice pathogens ( Curvularia lunata NUF001, Bipolaris oryzae 2464, and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ) were assessed. KK074 was the most prolific in IAA production, generating 362...

INTRODUCTION: Microbial keratitis poses a significant threat to vision and is a common ocular infection. Its causative agents encompass a wide spectrum, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites. The microbiological profile of microbial keratitis is influenced by factors such as patient demographics, geographical location, climate, and occupational hazards and evolves over time. METHODOLOGY: Corneal scrapings were collected from 75 patients with a provisional diagnosis of microbial keratitis...

INTRODUCTION: Fungal pathogens cause major yield losses in agriculture and reduce food quality and production worldwide. PURPOSE: To evaluate new safer alternatives to chemicals for disease management and preserve the shelf life of food, this research was conducted to: determine the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of Thymus serpyllum and Thymus piperella chemotypes 1 and 2; investigate the antifungal potential of EOs in vitro against: Alternaria alternata , Bipolaris spicifera , Curvularia hawaiiensis , Fusarium oxysporum f...

AIMS: In this work, we aimed to isolate marine bacteria that produce metabolites with antifungal properties. METHODS AND RESULTS: Paenibacillus polymyxa 188 was isolated from a marine sediment sample and it showed excellent antifungal activity against many fungi pathogenic to plants (Fusarium tricinctum, Pestalotiopsis clavispora, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc), Curvularia plantarum, and Talaromyces pinophilus) and to humans (Aspergillus terreus, Penicillium oxalicum, and Microsphaeropsis arundinis)...

The use of a dual resin for photobiocatalysis, encompassing both a photocatalyst and an immobilized enzyme, brings several challenges including effective immobilization, maintaining photocatalyst and enzyme activity and ensuring sufficient light penetration. However, the benefits such as integrated processes, reusability, easier product separation, and potential for scalability can outweigh these challenges, making dual resin systems promising for efficient and sustainable photobiocatalytic applications. In this work we employ a photosensitizer-containing porous emulsion-templated polymer as a functional support that is used to covalently anchor a chloroperoxidase from Curvularia inaequalis (CiVCPO)...

Plant pathogens are challenged by host-derived iron starvation or excess during infection, but the mechanism of plant pathogens rapidly adapting to the dynamic host iron environments to assimilate iron for invasion and colonization remains largely unexplored. Here, we found that the GATA transcription factor SreC in Curvularia lunata is required for virulence and adaption to the host iron excess environment. SreC directly binds to the ATGWGATAW element in an iron-dependent manner to regulate the switch between different iron assimilation pathways, conferring adaption to host iron environments in different trophic stages of C...

Endophytic microorganisms associated with medicinal plants are of particular interest as they are a potential source of new bioactive chemicals effective against novel emerging and drug-resistant pathogens. Agave americana is a tropical medicinal plant with antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties. We studied the biodiversity of fungal endophytes of Agave americana and their antimicrobial production potential. Isolated endophytic fungi were classified into 32 morphotypes (15 from stem and 17 from leaf) based on their cultural and morphological characteristics...

Despite being a small island, Sri Lanka is rich in fungal diversity. Most of the fungi from Sri Lanka have been identified as pathogens of vegetables, fruits, and plantation crops to date. The pleosporalean genus Curvularia ( Dothideomycetes ) includes phytopathogenic, saprobic, endophytic, and human/animal opportunistic pathogenic fungal species. The majority of the plant-associated Curvularia species are known from poaceous hosts. During the current study, 22 geographical locations of the country were explored and collections were made from 10 different poaceous hosts...

Owing to the growing need for natural materials in different fields, studying melanin production from biological sources is imperative. In the current study, the extracellular melanin pigment was produced by the fungus Curvularia soli AS21 ON076460. The factors that affect the production of melanin were optimized by the Plackett-Burman design (P-BD). The effect of gamma irradiation on melanin productivity was investigated. The maximum melanin yield (3.376 mg/L) was elicited by a stimulus of gamma irradiation at 1...

KEY CLINICAL MESSAGE: We report on a dog with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) treated with immunomodulatory therapy that developed phaeohyphomycosis and Aspergillus citrinoterreus infections. This is the first reported case of A. citrinoterreus in dogs. It details cytological and microbiological findings leading to diagnosis and highlights the importance of investigating new lesions in immunocompromised patients. ABSTRACT: A 5-year-old Staffordshire terrier mix treated with immunosuppressive therapy for IMHA was diagnosed with concurrent disseminated A...

The purpose is to assess the efficacy of rose bengal photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PDAT) using different irradiation energy levels and photosensitizer concentrations for the inhibition of fungal keratitis isolates. Seven different fungi (Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium keratoplasticum, Fusarium solani, Paecilomyces variotii, and Pseudallescheria boydii) were isolated from patients with confirmed infectious keratitis. Experiments were performed in triplicate with suspensions of each fungus exposed to different PDAT parameters including a control, green light exposure of 5...

In this study, the extract from Artabotrys hexapetalus showed strong antifungal activity against phytopathogenic fungi in vitro. Four unreported aporphine alkaloids, hexapetalusine A-D (1-4), were isolated from stems and roots of Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari, along with six known aporphine alkaloids (5-10). Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 1-3 were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffractions and ECD calculations. Hexapetalusine A-C (1-3) were special amidic isomers...

Dark septate endophytes (DSEs) inhabit plant roots and soil in ecosystems and host plants worldwide. DSE colonization is influenced by cultivars, soil factors, and specific habitat conditions. The regular diversity of DSEs in blueberries in Guizhou, China, is still unclear. In this study, four cultivars (Gardenblue, Powderblue, O'Neal, and Legacy) in three areas (Gaopo, Majiang, and Fenggang) in Guizhou were used to identify DSEs by morphological and molecular biological methods and to clarify the relationship between DSE diversity and DSE colonization and soil factors of cultivated blueberries in Guizhou...

Eradication of heavy metal pollution has become the prime priority over the conservation of water resources in the upcoming era. Herein, the study involved the halophilic fungal melanin from Curvularia lunata showed a promising biosorbent for the removal of toxic heavy metals which shows eco-friendly, cost-effective, high stability, and adsorbent efficiency. Polyurethane blended with fungal melanin polymers, makes polymeric nanofibrous membranes through electrospinning techniques. BET isotherms revealed the raw fungal melanin holds a surface area of 3...

Pigments of fungal origin have aroused increasing interest in the food dye and cosmetic industries since the global demand for natural dyes has grown. Endophytic microorganisms are a source of bioactive compounds, and Amazonian plant species can harbor fungi with a wide range of biotechnological applications. Popularly known in Brazil as crajiru, Fridericia chica is a medicinal plant that produces a red pigment. In this study, a total of 121 fungi were isolated in potato dextrose agar from three plants. We identified nine pigment-producing endophytic fungi isolated from branches and leaves of F...

In September 2022, rice spikelets rot disease (RSRD) was investigated in Songjiang District (30.94132N, 121.18393E), China, leading to a 26.77% yield loss. At the heading stage, infected spikelets exhibited small, yellowish-brown dots with water-stained husks, subsequently coalescing to form irregular brown to black lesions. Later, the lesions were enlarged and rotted, which eventually caused blighted grains. About 10% of husked grains showed black spots. 30 infected grains and 30 husked grains with black spots were surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 2 min, then rinsed with ddH2 O and plated on PDA medium at 28°C in darkness for 4 d...

The Badami Caves are a significant example of ancient Indian rock-cut architecture, dating back to the 6th century. These caves are situated in the Malaprabha River valley and are part of the candidate UNESCO World Heritage Site known as the "Evolution of Temple Architecture-Aihole-Badami-Pattadakal", which is considered to be the cradle of temple architecture in India. Our study aimed to investigate the diversity, distribution, and biodeterioration phenomena of the fungal communities present on the cave surfaces...

In Colombia, plantings with the oil palm hybrid between Elaeis oleifera × Elaeis guineensis , known as O × G hybrid, have increased due to its tolerance to bud rot. Despite this, different degrees of foliar necrosis, chlorosis, and leaf blight have been reported in some cultivars; therefore, this work aimed to diagnose this problem. We visited plantation plots with palms exhibiting the mentioned symptoms and collected 21 samples of affected tissues in different disease states. The affected tissues were examined and seeded in a culture medium...

A novel tricyclic polyketide, curvulanone (1), was isolated from the marine-derived fungus Curvularia aeria. The structure of 1 was determined by NMR and single-crystal X-ray crystallography. 1 had a cyclopentabenzopyranone with 3-acetic acid structure that is rarely found in natural compounds. Monoamine oxidase and sirtuin 1 inhibitory test was exhibited and 1 showed their inhibitory activity.