Morbidly obese

OBJECTIVE: Despite the widespread reduction in COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality attributed to vaccination in the general population, vaccine efficacy in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTR) remains under-characterized. This study aimed to investigate clinically relevant outcomes on double and triple-vaccinated versus unvaccinated SOTR with COVID-19. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective propensity score-matched cohort study was performed utilizing data from the US Collaborative Network Database within TriNetX (n = 117,905,631)...

Metabolomic age models have been proposed for the study of biological aging, however, they have not been widely validated. We aimed to assess the performance of newly developed and existing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) metabolomic age models for prediction of chronological age (CA), mortality, and age-related disease. Ninety-eight metabolic variables were measured in blood from nine UK and Finnish cohort studies (N ≈31,000 individuals, age range 24-86 years). We used nonlinear and penalized regression to model CA and time to all-cause mortality...

Obesity rates are increasing world-wide with most of the increase in women of the reproductive age group. While recognised as an important contributor to non-communicable diseases, pregnant women with obesity are particularly at risk of not only maternal and pregnant complications but also have an increased risk of congenital malformations. Furthermore, pregnant obese women are more likely to be older and therefore at a greater risk of aneuploidy. Prenatal diagnosis in these women especially those who are morbidly obese is challenging due not only to their weight but the implications of the increase adiposity on biochemical markers of aneuploidy...

IMPORTANCE: The American Cancer Society's (ACS's) nutrition and physical activity guidelines are intended to reduce morbidity and mortality among cancer survivors, but to our knowledge, adherence to these guidelines has not been systematically quantified. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate adherence to and factors associated with adherence to lifestyle modification guidelines among cancer survivors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cross-sectional study used data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System using survey administration years 2017 (surveys completed between January 2017 and March 2018), 2019 (surveys completed between January 2019 and December 2019), and 2021 (surveys completed between January 2021 and February 2022)...

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of bariatric surgery on serum ghrelin in patients with morbid obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We experimentally analyzed serum ghrelin in 96 rats. Of these, 84 rats underwent sleeve gastrectomy, and 12 rats comprised the control group (no surgery). We measured body weight and serum ghrelin using ELISA method after 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after surgery. Serum ghrelin was studied before and after bariatric surgery in 23 patients with morbid obesity...

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with many co-morbidities in children and young people. Obesity has long been recognised as an important risk factor associated with obstructive sleep apnea. Currently, polysomnography is regarded as the gold-standard diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea. The validity of oximetry as a screening and diagnostic tool for obstructive sleep apnea has been the subject of several studies in the literature. There is little published evidence on the use of oximetry in children with obesity...

The review present data on the intricate relationship between bariatric surgery, gut microbiota, and metabolic health in obesity treatment. Bariatric surgery, is recognized as an effective intervention for managing morbid obesity, including various techniques with distinct mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety profiles including Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB), Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG), Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding (LAGB), and Biliopancreatic Diversion (BPD). RYGB and SG are the most prevalent procedures globally, inducing gut microbiota changes that influence microbial diversity and abundance...

Multiple myeloma (MM), constituting 10% of hematological malignancies, poses significant morbidity and mortality, especially with skeletal involvement. Bisphosphonate use in MM may lead to severe hypocalcemia due to vitamin D deficiency (VDD), exacerbating bone marrow plasma cell burden. We aimed to assess VDD prevalence and its impact on outcomes in MM patients. A retrospective cross-sectional analysis (2008-2018) of nationwide inpatient data identified adult MM hospitalizations with VDD using ICD-10-CM codes...

BACKGROUND: The metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery that contribute to the alleviation of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) have been reported. However, the processes and mechanisms underlying the contribution of lipid metabolic reprogramming after bariatric surgery to attenuating MASLD remain elusive. METHODS: A case-control study was designed to evaluate the impact of three of the most common adipokines (Nrg4, leptin, and adiponectin) on hepatic steatosis in the early recovery phase following sleeve gastrectomy (SG)...

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are widespread, non-communicable diseases that are responsible for considerable levels of morbidity and mortality globally, primarily in the form of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Changes to lifestyle and behaviour have insufficient long-term efficacy in most patients with these diseases; metabolic surgery, although effective, is not practically deliverable on the scale that is required. Over the past two decades, therapies based on incretin hormones, spearheaded by glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists (GLP1RAs), have become the treatment of choice for obesity and T2DM, and clinical evidence now suggests that these agents have benefits for CVD...

BACKGROUND: Limited evidence exists on the patterns of medication use for hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and dyslipidemia after bariatric surgery among Asian patients. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the patterns in the use of blood pressure-lowering, glucose-lowering, and lipid-lowering medications following BS in Korean patients with morbid obesity. SETTING: This study is a retrospective cohort study using the Health Insurance Review and Assignment claims database of South Korea (from 2019 to 2021)...

AIM: Although the incidence of overweight and obese recipients and donors is increasing worldwide, few reports have focused on outcomes of preoperative weight reduction (WR) in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We therefore examined the outcomes and the impact of WR on the postoperative course. METHODS: We analyzed 217 consecutive LDLT procedures performed from 2017 to 2022. We divided the recipients and donors into a WR group and non-WR group. RESULTS: Twenty-two recipients (10...

OBJECTIVE: Given the increased risk of fetal acidosis in singleton neonates born to pregnant people with an elevated body mass index (BMI), our objective was to evaluate the association between pre-pregnancy/first trimester BMI and fetal acidosis among term twin pregnancies. METHODS: Retrospective study of pregnant people with twin gestation and their term infants admitted to our centre between 2014 and 2019. Using a generalized estimating equation, the association between maternal BMI and fetal acidosis was determined using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI)...

Three-dimensional (3D) laparoscopy has several advantages in gastrointestinal surgery. This systematic review determined whether similar benefits exist for bariatric surgical procedures by systematically searching the MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Six studies including 629 patients who underwent 2D (386) and 3D (243) laparoscopic bariatric surgeries were selected. Operative time was significantly shorter in patients undergoing 3D laparoscopic gastric bypass (pooled standardized mean difference [SMD] 1...

One-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) has gained importance as a safe and effective operation to treat morbid obesity. It is not known whether a long biliopancreatic limb (BPL) in OAGB surgery compared to a short BPL results in beneficial metabolic outcomes. 5-week-old male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks underwent OAGB surgery with defined short and long BPL lengths, or sham surgery combined with caloric restriction. Weight loss, glucose tolerance, obesity-related comorbidities, endocrine effects, gut microbiota and bile acids were assessed...

BACKGROUND: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a prevalent condition in older men, causing significant morbidity. Despite recent progress, essential concerns of the disease remain under-researched. This study aims to assess knowledge and estimate self-reported prevalence of BPH in Saudi Arabian men. Understanding BPH prevalence in Saudi Arabia is essential for healthcare planning, resource allocation, public awareness, early detection, intervention, research, and addressing regional variations...

People living with HIV (PLWH) usually suffer from co-infections and co-morbidities including respiratory tract infections. SARS-CoV-2 has been reported to cause respiratory infections. There are uncertainties in the disease severity and immunological response among PLWH who are co-infected with COVID-19. This review outlines the current knowledge on the clinical outcomes and immunological response to SARS-CoV-2 among PLWH. Literature was searched in Google scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and Science Direct conforming with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines from studies published from January 2020 to June 2023...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) increases the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the relative risk of CKD associated with increasing hepatic fibrosis, and consequent mortality risk, remains underexplored in real-world cohorts. In this study, we sought to establish whether hepatic fibrosis is associated with increased CKD risk and explore differences in mortality risk in a cohort of people living with MASLD, contingent on liver fibrosis and CKD status...

Background Special needs children have various health problems, and the most common problems are nutritional deficiency and malnourishment which leads to increased morbidity affecting their quality of life. This study aims to assess the nutritional status and health-seeking behaviour of special needs children. Methods The study was conducted among 46 special needs children at a special needs children's home. After collecting basic sociodemographic details, they were assessed for nutritional status and health-seeking behaviour using a semi-structured questionnaire followed by general and clinical examination...

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic vascular diseases are a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. Dyslipidemia, a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, remains poorly understood among adult cardiac patients in in the study area. This study aims to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and identify associated factors in this population. METHODS: Hospital-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May to August 2021. A total of 319 participants (153 cardiac cases, 166 healthy controls, aged ≥ 18) were included in the study...