Self-biting

Bite injuries frequently occur on human hands. Human bite injuries to the hand may lead to an infection because of limited soft tissue protection and wound contamination. However, no studies have reported severe bite injuries on hands treated by flaps. We report a case of an 80-year-old woman diagnosed with a major neurocognitive disorder. The patient accidentally had a self-bite injury accompanied with an open metacarpal fracture. Debridement and fixation of the first metacarpal fracture were performed. Afterward, skin necrosis occurred gradually on the dorsum of the hand...

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder caused by a mutation in the hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1 (HPRT1) gene. This syndrome is characterized by excessive production of uric acid, mental retardation, self-mutilation, choreoathetosis, and spasticity. The most distinctive symptom is compulsive self-mutilation. For patients with LNS, different methods have been tried to reduce self-biting behaviors including restraints, behavioral treatment, medications, deep brain stimulation, tooth extraction and botulinum toxin A injection...

Orthotopic rat liver transplantation (OLT) is a complex microsurgical procedure extensively applied to basic science, myriad complications can occur, but incision-related self-biting has not been reported after OLT. For the project of tolerance induction through stem cells, we performed OLT from Lewis to Brown Norway (BN) rats as an acute rejection model and divided the study was into the transverse incision group (n = 15) and midline incision group (n = 22), while cyclosporine A was subcutaneously injected for 10-day immunosuppression use, lidocaine cream was used for pain-relieving...

Introduction: The ventral pallidum (VP) is central in the limbic Basal Ganglia circuit, controlling both appetitive (approach) and aversive (avoidance) motivated behaviors. Nevertheless, VP involvement in pathological aspects remains unclear, especially in the behavioral expression of different motivational dysfunctions. This study aimed to investigate how the VP contributes to the expression of abnormal behaviors via opposite GABAergic dysfunctions. Methods: Opposite GABAergic dysfunctions were induced by injecting muscimol (a GABAA agonist) and bicuculline (a GABAA antagonist) into monkeys...

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is an inherited recessive X-related disorder caused by a deficiency of the purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. It is characterized by dystonia and compulsive self-mutilation, in particular, biting behavior on the oral mucosa, tongue, lips, fingers, and shoulders, typically before one year of age. The majority of these patients require several procedures, including dental extractions, to prevent significant secondary lesions. This article aims to report a clinical case of a 12-year-old boy with an LNS diagnosis who was referred to the Paediatric Stomatology Department of Central Lisbon University Hospital...

PURPOSE: Self-biting behavior in patients with neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) has been associated with finger amputation. Our objective is to describe the incidence of this complication, risk factors, and clinical management. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 612 patients with NBPP. There were 303 males and 309 females. 51.8% of patients had C5-C6 lesions, 28.9% had C5-C7, 18.9% had C5-T1, and 0.3 had C7-T1 involvement. RESULTS: We identified 15 patients with self-biting behavior (2...

BACKGROUND: Lesch-Nyhan disease (LND) is a disease of purine metabolism linked to chromosome X due to the absence or near-absence of enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase. Patients with LND have a compulsive autoaggressive behavior that consists of self-mutilation by biting. METHODS: The objective of this study was to explore the safety and efficacy of botulinum toxin (BoNT) injected into the masticatory muscles and biceps brachii to reduce self-mutilation in patients with LND...

BACKGROUND: Children with tongue injuries often visit the pediatric emergency department. The vast majority of cases can be conservatively treated, while some injuries require operative repair. The aim of this article was to demonstrate a "back-to-basics" approach to a refractory bifid tongue injury in a toddler. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 1-year-old toddler with a tongue injury was unsuccessfully treated three times within a week by a surgeon in another specialty; all reconstructions were mucosal only...

Laboratory monkey ethograms currently include subcategories of abnormal behaviours that are based on superficial morphological similarity. Yet, such ethograms may be misclassifying behaviour, with potential welfare implications as different abnormal behaviours are likely to have distinct risk factors and treatments. We therefore investigated the convergent validity of four hypothesized subcategories of abnormal behaviours ('motor', e.g., pacing; 'self-stimulation', e.g., self-sucking; 'postural', e.g., hanging; and 'self-abuse', e...

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a genetic metabolic disorder often involving dystonia and self-mutilating behavior. This case report describes a 13-year-old boy with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome and self-mutilating behavior who received botulinum toxin injections to his bilateral masseter muscles after failing multiple other treatments. Following injections, the patient had reduction in self-biting, along with improvements in speech, mastication and feeding observed in speech therapy. Botulinum toxin injections to the masseters may help to improve oromotor function and reduce self-mutilating behaviors in children with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome who have failed more conservative treatments, providing opportunity for improved functional status and patient safety...

A rare autosomal recessive disorder, congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis, is characterised by the congenital lack of pain sensation. Other characteristic symptoms include no sweating, recurrent episodes of hyperpyrexia, retardation of mental abilities and self-mutilating behaviour. Herein, we present a case of a one-year-old male child who initially presented with self-bites on the tongue and then multiple fractures with no report of pain or crying, which initially indicated carelessness of parents...

Sodium channel Nav1.7, encoded by the SCN9A gene, is a well-validated target that plays a key role in controlling pain sensation. Loss-of-function mutations of Nav1.7 can cause a syndrome of profound congenital insensitivity to pain in humans. Better understanding of how the loss of Nav1.7 leads to loss of pain sensibility would help to decipher the fundamental mechanisms of nociception and inform strategies for development of novel analgesics. Using a recently described rat Nav1.7 loss-of-function model with deficient nociception but intact olfactory function, we investigated the involvement of endogenous opioid and cannabinoid systems in this rodent model of Nav1...

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: About 10% of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are candidates for oral treatment specifically because of traumatic injuries in the lips, cheeks, or tongue due to self-biting. However, patients with ALS have a prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) similar to that in the general population. PURPOSE: The purpose of this case-series study was to determine the degree of satisfaction of patients with ALS with an oral appliance for managing oral self-biting lesions or symptoms related to TMDs...

Self-biting disease occurs in most farmed fur animals in the world. The mechanism and rapid detection method of this disease has not been reported. We applied bulked sergeant analysis (BSA) in combination with RAPD method to analyze a molecular genetic marker linked with self-biting trait in mink group. The molecular marker was converted into SCAR and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) marker for rapid detection of this disease. A single RAPD marker A10 amplified a specific band of 1000bp in self-biting minks...

BACKGROUND: Self-injurious behaviour (SIB) can be classified as intentional, direct injuring of body tissue usually without suicidal intent. In its non-suicidal form it is commonly seen as a clinical sign of borderline personality disorder, autism, PTSD, depression, and anxiety affecting a wide range of ages and conditions. In rhesus macaques SIB is most commonly manifested through hair plucking, self-biting, self-hitting, and head banging. SIB in the form of self-biting is observed in approximately 5-15% of individually housed monkeys...

Reports of neoplastic diseases in the Siberian chipmunk ( Eutamias sibiricus) are limited. The authors describe herein two necropsy cases of Siberian chipmunks with squamous cell carcinoma; both of which showed self-biting behaviors on presentation to the clinician. In both cases, the neoplasms comprised trabeculae and islands of polyhedral cells, supported by moderate amounts of fibrous stroma. Anisocytosis and anisokaryosis were moderate to prominent. Neoplastic cells were occasionally keratinized, with a keratin pearl formation...

Autoimmune encephalitis is a rare central nervous system disorder in which the patient presents with neuropsychiatric symptoms. We herein present a case of anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis in which the patient initially presented in the psychiatric department. A 14-year girl was brought with complains of irritability, altered behaviour, abnormal movements, self biting, and decreased sleep for the past 10 days. Her condition deteriorated during the admission and she became mute, immobile, and drowsy. Her baseline investigations and CT scan brain were normal...

Self-injurious behavior (SIB) is commonly observed in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as in nonclinical populations with stress-related mental-health problems. However, the exact circuitry mechanisms underlying SIB have remained poorly understood. Here, with bilateral injection of muscimol into the entopeduncular nucleus (EP), we established a rat model of SIB. Following the muscimol injection, the male rats exhibited in a dose-dependent manner stereotypic self-biting behavior that lasted for hours and often resulted in wounds of various severities...

A case is reported of recurrent, injurious self-biting during sleep, requiring surgical interventions, in a 55-year-old obese man with a 20-year history of violent complex parasomnia, with greatly increased frequency and severity of episodes induced by work stress during the preceding 3 years. After clinical evaluation and overnight, hospital-based video-polysomnography, the cause of the chronic injurious parasomnia was deemed to be a non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep parasomnia comorbid with severe obstructive sleep apnea...

OBJECTIVE: Autism and certain associated behaviors including self-injurious behaviors (SIB) and atypical pain reactivity have been hypothesized to result from excessive opioid activity. The objective of this study was to examine the relationships between SIB, pain reactivity, and β-endorphin levels in autism. METHODS: Study participants were recruited between 2007 and 2012 from day care centers and included 74 children and adolescents diagnosed with autism (according to DSM-IV-TR, ICD-10, and CFTMEA) and intellectual disability...