keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494746/highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-virus-of-clade-2-3-4-4b-isolated-from-a-human-case-in-chile-causes-fatal-disease-and-transmits-between-co-housed-ferrets
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joanna A Pulit-Penaloza, Nicole Brock, Jessica A Belser, Xiangjie Sun, Claudia Pappas, Troy J Kieran, Poulami Basu Thakur, Hui Zeng, Dan Cui, Julia Frederick, Rodrigo Fasce, Terrence M Tumpey, Taronna R Maines
Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused large outbreaks within avian populations on five continents, with concurrent spillover into a variety of mammalian species. Mutations associated with mammalian adaptation have been sporadically identified in avian isolates, and more frequently among mammalian isolates following infection. Reports of human infection with A(H5N1) viruses following contact with infected wildlife have been reported on multiple continents, highlighting the need for pandemic risk assessment of these viruses...
March 17, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478379/divergent-pathogenesis-and-transmission-of-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-in-swine
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bailey Arruda, Amy L Vincent Baker, Alexandra Buckley, Tavis K Anderson, Mia Torchetti, Nichole Hines Bergeson, Mary Lea Killian, Kristina Lantz
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have potential to cross species barriers and cause pandemics. Since 2022, HPAI A(H5N1) belonging to the goose/Guangdong 2.3.4.4b hemagglutinin phylogenetic clade have infected poultry, wild birds, and mammals across North America. Continued circulation in birds and infection of multiple mammalian species with strains possessing adaptation mutations increase the risk for infection and subsequent reassortment with influenza A viruses endemic in swine. We assessed the susceptibility of swine to avian and mammalian HPAI H5N1 clade 2...
April 2024: Emerging Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38461878/pacific-and-atlantic-sea-lion-mortality-caused-by-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-in-south-america
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pablo I Plaza, Víctor Gamarra-Toledo, Juan Rodríguez Euguí, Natalia Rosciano, Sergio A Lambertucci
We describe the evolution of the outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) in sea lions (Otaria flavescens) of South America. At least 24,000 sea lions died in Peru, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Brazil between January-October 2023. The most plausible route of infection is cohabiting with or foraging on infected birds. However, we urge a detailed evaluation of the sea lions actual source of infection given that the concomitant massive wild bird mortalities registered in the Pacific Ocean did not occur in the Atlantic Ocean...
March 8, 2024: Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455682/genomic-epidemiology-of-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-virus-in-wild-birds-in-south-korea-during-2021-2022-changes-in-viral-epidemic-patterns
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ji-Yun Kim, Sol Jeong, Da-Won Kim, Dong-Wook Lee, Dong-Hun Lee, Daehun Kim, Jung-Hoon Kwon
Clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza A (HPAI) viruses have been detected in wild birds worldwide, causing recurrent outbreaks since 2016. During the winter of 2021-2022, we detected one H5N8 and forty-three H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b HPAI viruses from wild birds in South Korea. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that HA gene of H5N1 viruses was divided into two genetically distinct groups (N1.G1 and N1.G2). Bayesian phylodynamic analysis demonstrated that wild birds play a vital role in viral transmission and long-term maintenance...
2024: Virus Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435695/transboundary-determinants-of-avian-zoonotic-infectious-diseases-challenges-for-strengthening-research-capacity-and-connecting-surveillance-networks
#5
REVIEW
Jeanne M Fair, Nisreen Al-Hmoud, Mu'men Alrwashdeh, Andrew W Bartlow, Sopio Balkhamishvili, Ivane Daraselia, Annie Elshoff, Lara Fakhouri, Zura Javakhishvili, Fares Khoury, Denys Muzyka, Levan Ninua, Jean Tsao, Lela Urushadze, Jennifer Owen
As the climate changes, global systems have become increasingly unstable and unpredictable. This is particularly true for many disease systems, including subtypes of highly pathogenic avian influenzas (HPAIs) that are circulating the world. Ecological patterns once thought stable are changing, bringing new populations and organisms into contact with one another. Wild birds continue to be hosts and reservoirs for numerous zoonotic pathogens, and strains of HPAI and other pathogens have been introduced into new regions via migrating birds and transboundary trade of wild birds...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413243/highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-viruses-from-multispecies-outbreak-argentina-august-2023
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agustina Rimondi, Ralph E T Vanstreels, Valeria Olivera, Agustina Donini, Martina Miqueo Lauriente, Marcela M Uhart
We report full-genome characterization of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus from an outbreak among sea lions (August 2023) in Argentina and possible spillover to fur seals and terns. Mammalian adaptation mutations in virus isolated from marine mammals and a human in Chile were detected in mammalian and avian hosts.
February 27, 2024: Emerging Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38407163/highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-a-h5n1-virus-clade-2-3-4-4b-in-domestic-ducks-indonesia-2022
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hendra Wibawa, Putut Eko Wibowo, Arif Supriyadi, Lestari Lestari, Jessiaman Silaban, Aziz Ahmad Fuadi, Anna Januar Fiqri, Retno Wulan Handayani, Sri Handayani Irianingsih, Zaza Fahmia, Herdiyanto Mulyawan, Syafrison Idris, Nuryani Zainuddin
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, during April 2022. The viruses were genetically similar to those detected in East Asia during 2021-2022. Molecular surveillance of wild birds is needed to detect potential pandemic threats from avian influenza virus.
March 2024: Emerging Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38399998/enzootic-circulation-massive-gull-mortality-and-poultry-outbreaks-during-the-2022-2023-high-pathogenicity-avian-influenza-h5n1-season-in-the-czech-republic
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander Nagy, Martina Stará, Lenka Černíková, Eliška Kličková, Ondřej Horák, Lada Hofmannová, Kamil Sedlák
In 2022/2023, Europe experienced its third consecutive season of high-pathogenicity avian influenza. During this period, the Czech Republic was again severely affected. For the first time, the number of culled birds approached one million, which was three times higher than in previous seasons. In parallel to the outbreaks in poultry, mass die-offs of gulls were also observed. In the present study, we performed whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of 137 H5N1 strains collected in the Czech Republic in 2022/2023 (94...
January 31, 2024: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393111/development-of-virus-like-particle-plant-based-vaccines-against-avian-h5-and-h9-influenza-a-viruses
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ola A Elbohy, Munir Iqbal, Janet M Daly, Stephen P Dunham
Avian influenza A virus (AIV) is a significant cause of mortality in poultry, causing substantial economic loss, particularly in developing countries, and has zoonotic potential. For example, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the H5 subtype have been circulating in Egypt for around two decades. In the last decade, H5N1 viruses of clade 2.2.1 have been succeeded by the antigenically distinct H5N8 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses. Furthermore, H9N2 viruses co-circulate with the H5N8 viruses in Egyptian poultry...
February 18, 2024: Veterinary Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391583/trends-and-spatiotemporal-patterns-of-avian-influenza-outbreaks-in-italy-a-data-driven-approach
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Francesco Branda, Sandra Mazzoli, Massimo Pierini, Massimo Ciccozzi
In recent years, the unprecedented spread of the Avian Influenza Viruses (AIVs) among birds and mammals has caused devastation in animal populations, including poultry, wild birds, and some mammals, damaging farmers' livelihoods and the food trade. Given the urgency of the situation, it is particularly important that scientists and the public can access research results and data as soon as possible. The main aim of this study is to present a global open-access dataset of Avian Influenza outbreaks to enable researchers and policymakers (i) to rapidly detect, and respond to animal outbreaks as the first line of defense; (ii) to conduct epidemiological and virological investigations around animal outbreaks and human infections; and (iii) to communicate the risk...
December 19, 2023: Infectious Disease Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38378877/pathological-investigation-of-high-pathogenicity-avian-influenza-h5n8-in-captive-houbara-bustards-chlamydotis-undulata-the-united-arab-emirates-2020
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manuela Crispo, Mar Carrasco Muñoz, Frédéric Lacroix, Mohamed-Reda Kheyi, Maxence Delverdier, Guillaume Croville, Malorie Dirat, Nicolas Gaide, Jean Luc Guerin, Guillaume Le Loc'h
At the end of 2020, an outbreak of HPAI H5N8 was registered in captive African houbara bustards (Chlamydotis undulata) in the United Arab Emirates. In order to better understand the pathobiology of this viral infection in bustards, a comprehensive pathological characterization was performed. A total of six birds were selected for necropsy, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, RNAscope in situ hybridization and RT-qPCR and nanopore sequencing on formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue blocks. Gross lesions included mottled and/or hemorrhagic pancreas, spleen and liver and fibrinous deposits on air sacs and intestine...
February 20, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38364655/multifaceted-analysis-of-temporal-and-spatial-distribution-and-risk-factors-of-global-poultry-hpai-h5n1-2005-2023
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuepeng Li, Qi An, Zhuo Sun, Xiang Gao, Hongbin Wang
The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of occurrence and spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI-H5N1) globally, understand its spatiotemporal characteristics, investigate the risk factors influencing outbreaks, and identify high-risk areas for disease occurrence. We collected the data on global poultry HPAI-H5N1 outbreaks from January 2005 to April 2023, and conducted a thorough analysis of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the disease through time series decomposition and directional distribution analysis...
January 24, 2024: Animal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38362732/are-all-avian-influenza-outbreaks-in-poultry-the-same-the-predicted-impact-of-poultry-species-and-virus-subtype
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carsten Kirkeby, Anette Boklund, Lars Erik Larsen, Michael P Ward
AIMS: Outbreaks of avian influenza in poultry farms are currently increasing in frequency, with devastating consequences for animal welfare, farmers and supply chains. Some studies have documented the direct spread of the avian influenza virus between farms. Prevention of spread between farms relies on biosecurity surveillance and control measures. However, the evolution of an outbreak on a farm might vary depending on the virus strain and poultry species involved; this would have important implications for surveillance systems, epidemiological investigations and control measures...
February 16, 2024: Zoonoses and Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38358287/spatiotemporal-genotype-replacement-of-h5n8-avian-influenza-viruses-contributed-to-h5n1-emergence-in-2021-2022-panzootic
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jinfeng Zeng, Fanshu Du, Linna Xiao, Honglei Sun, Lu Lu, Weipan Lei, Jialu Zheng, Lu Wang, Sicheng Shu, Yudong Li, Qiang Zhang, Kang Tang, Qianru Sun, Chi Zhang, Haoyu Long, Zekai Qiu, Ke Zhai, Zhichao Li, Geli Zhang, Yipeng Sun, Dayan Wang, Zhengwang Zhang, Samantha J Lycett, George F Gao, Yuelong Shu, Jinhua Liu, Xiangjun Du, Juan Pu
Since 2020, clade 2.3.4.4b highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 and H5N1 viruses have swept through continents, posing serious threats to the world. Through comprehensive analyses of epidemiological, genetic, and bird migration data, we found that the dominant genotype replacement of the H5N8 viruses in 2020 contributed to the H5N1 outbreak in the 2021/2022 wave. The 2020 outbreak of the H5N8 G1 genotype instead of the G0 genotype produced reassortment opportunities and led to the emergence of a new H5N1 virus with G1's HA and MP genes...
February 15, 2024: Journal of Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38353105/evaluating-the-dynamics-and-efficacy-of-a-live-attenuated-mycoplasma-anserisalpingitidis-vaccine-candidate-under-farm-condition
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Dénes Grózner, Zsuzsa Kreizinger, Alexa Mitter, Katinka Bekő, Dominika Buni, Áron B Kovács, Enikő Wehmann, Eszter Zsófia Nagy, Ádám Dobos, Ádám Dán, Nikolett Belecz, Karola Költő, Veronika Hrivnák, Lilla Udvari, Dorottya Földi, György Czifra, Márton Kiss, László Spitzmüller, Béla Molnár, Miklós Gyuranecz
Abstract The aim of the present study was to monitor the dynamics and to measure the safety and efficacy of a live, attenuated, thermosensitive Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis vaccine candidate, namely MA271, in geese breeder flocks under field condition. Two rearing flocks were vaccinated with MA271 at four-week of age and boosted at 24 weeks of age by cloaca inoculation (1 ml) and eye-dropping (60 µl). The geese then were transported to multi-aged breeding farms. Two breeding flocks served as controls...
February 14, 2024: Avian Pathology: Journal of the W.V.P.A
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38350766/protection-conferred-by-an-h5-dna-vaccine-against-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-in-chickens-the-effect-of-vaccination-schedules
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julie Valentin, Fiona Ingrao, Fabienne Rauw, Bénédicte Lambrecht
H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses of the Asian lineage (A/goose/Guangdong/1/96) belonging to clade 2.3.4.4 have spread worldwide through wild bird migration in two major waves: in 2014/2015 (clade 2.3.4.4c), and since 2016 up to now (clade 2.3.4.4b). Due to the increasing risk of these H5 HPAI viruses to establish and persist in the wild bird population, implementing vaccination in certain sensitive areas could be a complementary measure to the disease control strategies already applied. In this study, the efficacy of a novel DNA vaccine, encoding a H5 gene (A/gyrfalcon/Washington/41088-6/2014 strain) of clade 2...
February 12, 2024: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38342948/role-of-research-laboratories-in-pandemic-and-epidemic-response-in-the-eastern-mediterranean-region-experiences-from-covid-19-avian-influenza-and-mers-cov
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mona Mahmoud, Rebecca Badra, Ahmed Kandeil, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Jad Abdallah, Mohamed A Ali, Ghazi Kayali
We share the experience of research laboratories in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) that contributed to preparedness and response to highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI), Middle-East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Research groups in the region were pivotal in identifying, characterizing the pathogens and describing their evolution, distribution, transmission routes, and the immunological profile of exposed populations. They demonstrated the capacity to develop and test antivirals and potential vaccines...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38338547/the-public-health-importance-and-management-of-infectious-poultry-diseases-in-smallholder-systems-in-africa
#18
REVIEW
Delia Grace, Theodore J D Knight-Jones, Achenef Melaku, Robyn Alders, Wudu T Jemberu
Poultry diseases pose major constraints on smallholder production in Africa, causing high flock mortality and economic hardship. Infectious diseases, especially viral diseases like Newcastle disease and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) and bacterial diseases, especially colibacillosis and salmonellosis, are responsible for most chicken losses, with downstream effects on human nutrition and health. Beyond production impacts, poultry diseases directly harm public health if zoonotic, can give rise to epidemics and pandemics, and facilitate antimicrobial resistance through treatment attempts...
January 26, 2024: Foods (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38314064/detection-of-clade-2-3-4-4-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-h5-viruses-in-healthy-wild-birds-in-the-hadeji-nguru-wetland-nigeria-2022
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kayode Olawuyi, Olukayode Orole, Clement Meseko, Isabella Monne, Ismaila Shittu, Zecchin Bianca, Alice Fusaro, Bitrus Inuwa, Ruth Akintola, Josiah Ibrahim, Maryam Muhammad
BACKGROUND: The introduction of multiple avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes into Nigeria has resulted in several poultry outbreaks purportedly linked to trade and wild birds. The role of wild birds in perpetuating AIV in Nigeria was, therefore, elucidated. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among wild aquatic bird species at the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands in Northeastern Nigeria between March and April 2022. A total of 452 swabs (226 cloacae and 226 oropharyngeal) were collected using a mist net to capture the birds...
February 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38277819/uk-flockdown-a-survey-of-smallscale-poultry-keepers-and-their-understanding-of-governmental-guidance-on-highly-pathogenic-avian-influenza-hpai
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emma McClaughlin, Sol Elliott, Sarah Jewitt, Matthew Smallman-Raynor, Stephen Dunham, Tamsin Parnell, Michael Clark, Rachael Tarlinton
The scale of the current outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) due to the A/H5N1 virus in the United Kingdom is unprecedented. In addition to its economic impact on the commercial poultry sector, the disease has devastated wild bird colonies and represents a potential public health concern on account of its zoonotic potential. Although the implementation of biosecurity measures is paramount to reducing the spread of HPAI in domestic and commercial settings, little is known about the attitudes and perspectives of backyard poultry keepers, who often keep their flocks in close proximity to the public...
January 20, 2024: Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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