prism strabismus

PURPOSE: This study is to investigate the impact of the coexistence of basic intermittent exotropia and vertical incomitance in the form of the V and sub-V pattern on the results of surgical correction of intermittent exotropia. METHODS: The records of 81 pediatric patients who had surgery for intermittent exotropia and a follow-up of more than 1 year were reviewed retrospectively. They were divided into groups: a concomitant group which underwent only horizontal muscle surgery of bilateral lateral rectus recession and a V pattern group which had additional inferior oblique recession, further separated into two subgroups: ≥ 15 prism diopters (classic V pattern group) and ≥ 10 < 15 prism diopters (sub-V pattern group)...

PURPOSE: To investigate the association of strabismic angle obtained by simultaneous prism and cover test (SPCT) and prism alternate cover test (PACT) with the final power of Press-On prism used in adults with symptomatic strabismus. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The medical records of consecutive patients seen by a single orthoptist at an urban, tertiary care hospital over a 36-month period were reviewed retrospectively. All subjects had been prescribed Press-on prism for diplopia after evaluation with SPCT and PACT measurements at distance fixation...

BACKGROUND: Previous research on the factors associated with surgical dose-response in strabismus surgery for exotropia has yielded inconsistent results. This study determined the factors influencing surgical dose-response in exotropia patients who underwent recession and resection (R&R). METHODS: Exotropia patients who underwent unilateral R&R at the National Taiwan University Hospital between 2006 and 2021 were evaluated. Deviation-angle differences in prism diopters (PD) were measured preoperatively and at 1 month postoperatively...

BACKGROUND: While it is treatable, uncorrected refractive error is the number one cause of visual impairment worldwide. This eye condition alone, or together with ocular misalignment, can also cause amblyopia, which is also treatable if detected early but still occurs in about 4% of the population. Mass vision screening is the first and most critical step to address these issues, but due to limited resources, vision screening in many rural areas remains a major challenge. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to pilot-test the feasibility of using smartphone apps to enhance vision screening in areas where access to eye care is limited...

BACKGROUNDS: To report the long-term surgical outcomes and the impact on daily life activities of strabismus surgery in patients with Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy (TAO) with and without previous orbital decompression. METHODS: Patients who underwent strabismus surgery for TAO were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was to evaluate the influence of orbital decompression on the outcomes of TAO related strabismus surgery. Surgical success was defined by the resolution of diplopia and a post-operative deviation < 10 prism diopters (PD)...

BACKGROUND: The surgical management of large-angle concomitant esotropia is challenging with high reoperation rates. This study aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of intraoperative botulinum toxin A (BTA) augmentation compared to surgery alone in large angle concomitant esotropia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective randomized interventional study. Patients with large angle concomitant esotropia (≥55 prism diopter [PD]) were randomly allocated to either surgery only (Group I) or BTA augmented surgery (Group II)...

Persistent fetal vasculature is a spectrum of ocular abnormalities linked to an incomplete regression of the fetal ocular vasculature. A 21-years old male patient came to the outpatient clinic reporting low vision and strabismus in his left eye since 3 years of age. Ophtalmological examination revealed a normal right eye, while the left eye had a best corrected visual acuity of hand-motion perception, a 30 prism diopters esotropia, a "coralliform" cataract and a vitreous stalk joining the posterior face of the lens and the optic nerve...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study is to evaluate the examination findings, treatment methods, and follow-up results of children diagnosed with infantile esotropia (IE) and to compare botulinum toxin A (BTA) and bilateral medial rectus (MR) recession surgery. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with IE. The age of the patient and the angle of deviation were taken into account to determine the treatment. Patients who underwent bilateral MR recession surgery and BTA injection were analyzed and the BTA and surgical groups were compared...

PURPOSE: To describe and report the results of a zip-up modification for loop myopexy for facilitating a muscle union procedure in heavy eye syndrome. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients with heavy eye syndrome in whom the modified surgical technique was performed. Superior and lateral rectus muscle bellies were approximated using a suture 4 to 5 mm from the muscle insertion. Muscles were then zipped together by 5-0 polyester sutures placed in an anteroposterior direction using a hand-over-hand technique...

PURPOSE: To compare a single surgeon's surgical outcomes for treating intermittent exotropia using bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR), unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus resection (RR), and unilateral lateral rectus recession and medial rectus plication (RP). METHODS: A retrospective review of all surgeries for basic intermittent exotropia between 2015 and 2023 was performed. Only patients with initial correction using BLR, RR, or RP were included...

PURPOSE: To report the result of strabismus surgery in eye-salvaged retinoblastoma (Rb) patients. METHODS: A retrospective case series including 18 patients with Rb and strabismus who underwent strabismus surgery after completing tumor treatment by a single pediatric ophthalmologist. RESULTS: A total of 18 patients (10 females and 8 males) were included with a mean age of 13.3 ± 3.0 (range, 2-39) months at the time tumor presentation and 6...

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of botulinum toxin injections to strabismus surgery in children with acute, acquired, comitant esotropia (ACE), and to investigate factors predicting success. DESIGN: International, multi-center non-randomized comparative study METHODS: Setting: Cloud-based survey. STUDY POPULATION: Children aged 2-17 years who underwent a single surgical intervention for ACE. INTERVENTIONS: Botulinum toxin injection ("chemodenervation" group) or strabismus surgery ("surgery" group)...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the surgical effect of the Wright central plication on vertical rectus muscles to correct vertical strabismus. METHODS: In this multicenter, retrospective, observational outcomes study, data were collected from two surgeons in different practice settings (2017-22). All patients who underwent vertical rectus central plication were included; those undergoing any concurrent strabismus surgery for vertical strabismus were excluded. Primary outcome was amount of strabismus correction in prism diopters per vertical rectus central plication...

Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is known to relapse after surgery. No factors to predict or prevent recurrence are known with certainty. This study investigated surgical outcome, potential influencing factors, and reoperation rate in patients with IXT. Medical records of 537 patients who underwent surgery for IXT from 2000 to 2022 with preoperative angles of exodeviation of 6 to 50 prism diopters (PD) were retrospectively studied. Multivariate regression analyses of factors influencing surgical outcome on postoperative day 1 (POD1) and reoperation rate were performed...

PURPOSE: To compare the surgical outcomes in patients who had a failed botulinum toxin A injection before surgery versus those who had surgery as primary treatment (primary surgery) for infantile esotropia. METHODS: The files of patients who had strabismus surgery in the Strabismus Unit of Beyoglu Eye Training and Research Hospital between January 2012 and March 2022 were reviewed. This study included 104 eyes of 52 patients with infantile esotropia. The angle of deviation before and 1, 3, and 6 months after botulinum toxin A injection or surgery, complications, pattern deviations, family history, abnormal head position, history of prematurity, intensive care unit admission, and consanguineous marriage were noted...

IMPORTANCE: Strabismus is a common ocular disorder of childhood. There is a clear genetic component to strabismus, but it is not known if esotropia and exotropia share genetic risk factors. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether genetic duplications associated with esotropia are also associated with exotropia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from November 2005 to December 2023. Individuals with constant or intermittent exotropia of any magnitude or a history of surgery for exotropia were recruited from pediatric ophthalmic practices...

INTRODUCTION: Progressive esotropia accompanied by restricted abduction and supraduction due to high myopia is known as esotropia fixus with high myopia or heavy eye syndrome (HES). Some conditions, such as sagging eye syndrome (SES), show esotropia for distance or cyclovertical strabismus with no abduction limitations despite highly myopic eyes. We evaluated the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and clinical features of HES, high myopia with SES-like symptoms (highly myopic SES), and SES...

PURPOSE: To assess and quantify teprotumumab's effect on thyroid eye disease-related strabismus by change in measured horizontal and vertical deviations and change in extraocular motility. METHODS: We reviewed a series of patients with thyroid eye disease-related strabismus treated with teprotumumab. Exclusion criteria included age under 18 years, strabismus of alternate etiology, or thyroid eye disease-related reconstructive surgery during the treatment course...

PURPOSE: To investigate changes in vertical strabismus and extorsion in patients with intermittent exotropia and mild unilateral inferior oblique muscle overaction (IOOA) who underwent horizontal muscle surgery without vertical or oblique muscle surgery. METHODS: The medical records of 41 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were followed up for at least 6 months after surgery. Fundus photography was performed before and after surgery, and the sum of the angles of torsion in both eyes was used to measure changes in extorsion using ImageJ software...

PURPOSE: To report a relatively new surgical treatment for near exotropia called medial rectus inferior half plication. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of the outcomes from a single surgeon performing a plication of the inferior half of the medial rectus muscle in 17 consecutive patients with near exotropia unresponsive to medial rectus bupivacaine injection. RESULTS: Thirteen of 17 (76%) patients were asymptomatic after surgery with no diplopia for near fixation and with either a normal or slightly reduced prism fusion range enabling them to have comfortable binocular single vision...