Tarsal bones

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to compare the changes in foot at different sole-ground contact angles during forefoot running. This study tried to help forefoot runners better control and improve their technical movements by comparing different sole-ground contact angles. Methods: A male participant of Chinese ethnicity was enlisted for the present study, with a recorded age of 25 years, a height of 183 cm, and a body weight of 80 kg. This study focused on forefoot strike patterns through FE analysis...

Aim To assess our personal experience of a case of tuberculosis of the talus, and to provide an overview of the literature about the tuberculosis manifestations, including all its aspects: epidemiology, clinical and imaging presentation, and all the treatments available to the current state of knowledge. Methods We present our experience in a case of a 34-year-old patient, who came to our attention with difficulty in walking and pain due to a talar tuberculosis, with consequent bone disruption and reabsorption, and foot deformities...

BACKGROUND: That the peroneus tertius muscle (PT) is a separate entity has been debated. PT has been reported to be part of the extensor digitorum longus muscle, part of the extensor digitorum brevis, or a separate muscle. While pigs have a PT as well as primates, there are no reports of its association with the extensor digitorum longus muscle or extensor digitorum brevis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we used gross dissection and Sihler's staining to determine the origin, course, insertion, and innervation of the pig PT...

Objective: To explore the evaluation effect of ultrasonography and Pirani score on tarsal deformity, treatment effect and pseudo-correction of congenital clubfoot in infants and young children, and the correlation between the two methods. Methods: The clinical data of 26 children (40 feet) with congenital clubfoot who were evaluated by ultrasonography in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from January 2020 to January 2023 were retrospectively collected. There were 16 males and 10 females...

For human identification, the quality and quantity of DNA must be sufficient for amplification and analysis. When DNA extraction from bone tissues and teeth is required, the optimal skeletal elements should be selected as samples for DNA extraction because DNA yield differs among elements. Recently, some studies have reported that a high quantity of high-quality DNA can be extracted from the small cancellous bones of the hands and feet. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of small cancellous bones in the human identification of skeletal remains in routine forensic genetic casework...

INTRODUCTION: Calcaneus is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone. Open reduction and internal fixation of the displaced intra-articular fractures is considered the gold standard treatment. The lateral extensile approach is the most commonly used approach, and usually, the patients are kept in lateral decubitus position. Recent study has descried calcaneus fracture fixation utilizing the lateral extensile approach with the patient in prone position. The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative radiological outcome, reoperation rate, operative and anesthesia time, infection and the wound complications rate between the two groups...

BACKGROUND: In the presence of pain over the lateral aspect of the foot or recurrent ankle sprain in children, medical imaging is often employed to investigate potential causes, such as a calcaneonavicular coalition or a too-long anterior process (TLAP) of the calcaneus. Diagnosis and categorization of calcaneonavicular coalitions (synostosis, synchondrosis, or synfibrosis) is generally facilitated through imaging, in contrast to TLAP, which lacks well-defined semiological characteristics, apart from a calcaneonavicular space measurement of less than 5 mm...

Multiple cuneiform fractures combined with isolated intermediate cuneiform dorsal dislocation and cuboid fracture, with disruption of the Lisfranc ligament, are rare injuries. In this study, we present a polytrauma patient who sustained these injuries, his treatment course, and the follow-up period. The patient was operated on the day of the injury and six months after that the results are very satisfactory.

BACKGROUND: Multicentric Carpo-Tarsal Osteolysis Syndrome (MCTO) is an autosomal dominant disease with increased bone reabsorption in the carpus and tarsus and the elbows, knees and spine. The disease is extremely heterogeneous and secondary and tertiary injuries vary widely and can lead to progressive disability and severe functional limitations. In addition to the available and upcoming drug therapies, physical medicine and rehabilitation are important treatment options. Currently, the indication and plan are overlooked, nonspecific and reported only for one patient...

Lateroplantar foot pain may be caused by various entities, whereby painful os peroneum syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis. Physical examination and multimodal imaging enable a definitive diagnosis. We report on a 59-year-old man with severe, load-dependent pain, corresponding to an os peroneum syndrome, triggered by a pes planovalgus with consecutively induced focal inflammation and tendovaginitis of the tendon of the peroneus longus muscle. Multifactorial conservative measures including infiltration and shockwave therapy finally led to a restoration of the original condition...

Congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), a prevalent congenital anomaly, is characterized by the backward bending of the hindfoot, the inward turning of the midfoot, and the turning or tilting of the front foot. The likelihood of experiencing clubfoot is higher in males and among firstborn offspring. Both genetic and environmental elements are recognized as factors that play a role in the occurrence of this developmental irregularity. It is diagnosed clinically because the abnormality has been visible since childhood, where one or both feet point downward and inward...

Ewing's sarcoma is a malignant round cell tumour of bones and soft tissues that usually arises from the diaphyseal or meta-diaphyseal parts of long bones and less commonly from flat bones. It occurs rarely in the foot and if occurs, the calcaneus and the metatarsals are commonly involved. We present a case of a young woman diagnosed with primary Ewing's sarcoma of the talus with local spread to adjacent tarsals and the ankle joint. Ewing's sarcoma of feet, if present with even a trivial suspicion of spread either locally or distant, makes limb salvage surgery difficult...

Adult tarsal coalition consists in abnormal union of two or more tarsal bones. Reported incidence ranges between 1 and 13%. It is generally a congenital condition, due to dominant autosomal chromosome disorder, but with some acquired forms following trauma or inflammatory pathology. Poorly specific clinical signs and the difficulty of screening on conventional X-ray may lead to diagnostic failure. The present review of tarsal coalition addresses the following questions: how to define tarsal coalition? How to diagnose it? How to treat it? And what results can be expected? There are 3 types of tarsal coalition, according to the type of tissue between the united bones: bony in pure synostosis, cartilaginous in synchondrosis, and fibrous in syndesmosis...

CONTEXT: Calcaneal fractures (CFs) are the most common kind of tarsal fracture. The choice of surgical approach is a key element in the management of CFs, but the best method remains in dispute. Also, no single approach is appropriate for all kinds of CFs. OBJECTIVE: The study intended to evaluate the relationship between six surgical approaches for clinical treatment of CFs and prevention of postoperative complications, to provide an evidence-based approach for treatment...

OBJECTIVE: To raise awareness of the potential for intra-articular subchondral bone sequestrum formation secondary to a traumatic or septic process to enable more rapid identification of this uncommon but possible outcome in future cases. ANIMAL: A client-owned 12-year-old Appaloosa mare. CLINICAL PRESENTATION, PROGRESSION, AND PROCEDURES: The mare had a wound to the lateral aspect of the fourth metatarsal bone (MT4) that communicated with the distal tarsal joints...

Skeletal development is well known in temnospondyls, the most diverse group of Paleozoic and Mesozoic amphibians. However, the elements of carpus and tarsus ( i.e ., the mesopodium) were always the last bones to ossify relative to the other limb bones and with regard to the rest of the skeleton, and are preserved only in rare cases. Thus, in contrast to the other parts of the limb skeleton, little is known about the ontogeny and sequence of ossification of the temnospondyl carpus and tarsus. We intended to close this gap by studying the ontogenies of a number of Permo/Carboniferous stereospondylomorphs, the only temnospondyls with preserved growth series in which the successive ossification of carpals and tarsals can be traced...

Superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) plays an important role in the locomotion of the horses with flexion of the limbs. In the hind limb, it passes over the calcaneal bone and attaches to medial and lateral surfaces of calcaneous by two bands of connective tissue; while, the medial band is weaker than the lateral one. Occasionally, severe trauma, over-extension or fracture of the calcaneous may cause rupture of the supportive bands leading to tendon luxation. An 11-year-old Thoroughbred jumping gelding with symptoms of lameness in both legs, after examination by an internal specialist veterinarian in equine practice field was referred to the Teaching and Research Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, inter-reader agreement, and associated pathologies on MR images of patients with confirmed TC. METHODS AND MATERIALS: In this retrospective study, 168 ankle MRI exams were included, consisting of 56 patients with clinically or surgically confirmed TC and 112 controls without TC, matched for age and sex. Images were analyzed independently by three radiologists blinded to clinical information. The evaluation criteria included the presence, type, and location of TC, as well as associated pathologies...

Multicentric osteolysis, nodulosis, and arthropathy (MONA) syndrome is one of the rare genetic skeletal dysplasias, inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder, which predominantly involves carpal and tarsal bones with characteristic osteolytic lesions and can be misdiagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. MONA syndrome includes diseases involving two genes: the matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) gene and matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14). Both genes are assumed to cause phenotype variants of the same disease...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to mimic the changes from Charcot neuropathic arthropathy in humans by examining the effects of exposing diet-induced obese (DIO) mice to neurotrauma through a regimented running protocol. METHODS: Forty-eight male wild-type C57BL/6J mice were obtained at age 6 weeks and separated into 2 groups for diet assignment. After a 1-week acclimation period, half of the mice consumed a high-fat diet (60% fat by kcal) ad libitum to facilitate neuropathic diet-induced obesity whereas the other half were control mice and consumed an age-matched standard low-fat control diet (10% fat by kcal)...