Foot arch

BACKGROUND: Aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of pedal arch status and direct-angiosome revascularization (DAR) on clinical outcomes in diabetic patients with foot wounds undergoing endovascular revascularization. METHODS: Between January 2014 and June 2015 93 diabetic patients with foot wounds underwent endovascular revascularization of at least one below-the-knee vessel. Patients were divided into three groups according to the pedal arch status: complete pedal arch (CPA), incomplete pedal arch (IPA) and absent pedal arch (APA)...

OBJECTIVES: Rheumatic diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis constitute the most frequent pathological states leading to the development of foot deformities, which reduce quality of life and cause disability. The aim of the present study was to compare the results of plantoconturographic examinations, obtained by means of a computer podoscope, in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis patients. Special attention was paid to the differences in the values of each parameter determining the level of foot function...

Acute generalized neuropathy as the presenting manifestation of hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is rare. We report a 19-year-old Army recruit who exercised regularly for 9 months and presented with 2 weeks of numbness, tingling, and weakness in both upper and lower extremities, starting 2 weeks after influenza vaccination and 1 day after vigorous exercise. Based on acute onset, clinical examination and electrophysiological findings, Guillain-Barre syndrome was diagnosed, and intravenous immunoglobulin was administered with minimal improvement...

[Purpose] This study observed the plantar pressure between flexible flatfoot and normal foot on different walking conditions to find out if flexible flatfoot needs the treatment and how the plantar pressure change while walking upstairs and downstairs. [Subjects and Methods] Fifteen adults with mild flexible flatfoot, fifteen adults with severe flexible flatfoot and fifteen adults with normal foot were examined while walking on a level surface, walking up and down 10 cm and 20 cm stairs. The max force and the arch index were acquired using the RSscan system...

In sports, there is a constant discussion about the hyper-pronation and supination of the foot during loading and its relation to injuries or discomfort. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possible differences in the subtalar joint in the midstance phase of running, between individuals with Pes Planus and Pes Cavus, after 5 min and 45 min of running. Thirty-four subjects, meeting the requirements for Pes Planus (30 feet) and Pes Cavus (35 feet), according to the criteria for Medial Longitudinal Arch-angle, were included in the study...

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between the state of the posterior tibial tendon (PTT) on magnetic resonance images and foot deformity. The cases included 34 feet in 27 patients with PTT deformity and the controls included 18 feet in 12 patients who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging for other foot diseases. The PTT was closely examined on the magnetic resonance images and classified using the Conti classification. The control feet with no injury to the PTT were classified as grade 0...

BACKGROUND: Pronated foot posture is associated with many clinical and biomechanical outcomes unique to medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). Though shoe-worn insole treatment, including lateral wedges, is commonly studied in this patient population, their effects on the specific subgroup of people with medial knee OA and concomitant pronated feet are unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether lateral wedge insoles with custom arch support are more beneficial than lateral wedge insoles alone for knee and foot symptoms in people with medial tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis (OA) and pronated feet...

Popliteal pterygium syndrome is a condition characterized by skin webs on the popliteal fossa, which may impair mobility unless surgically repaired. Affected individuals may also have syndactyly on the fingers and/or toes. Most people with this disorder present cleft lip and cleft palate and they can have syngnathia, that is a congenital adhesion between maxilla and mandible by fibrous bands, which affects the opening of the mouth. The case that we report is about a 2-month-old male, who presented skin webs bilaterally on the popliteal fossa, syndactyly between the IV and the V toe of the right foot and between the III and the IV toe of the left foot, and genital malformations...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the medial longitudinal arch mobility and static and dynamic balance. METHODS: A total of 50 subjects (25 female, and 25 male; Mean age: 22.2 ± 1.3 years; BMI: 22.8 ± 3.8 kg/m(2)) were included in this study. The relative arch deformity (RAD) was calculated with both 10% and 90% weight bearing (WB). Static balance was evaluated with Single Leg Stance Test and dynamic balance with TechnoBody PK 200WL computerized balance device...

Mutations in the gap junction protein beta 1 gene (GJB1) cause X-linked Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1 (CMTX1). CMTX1 is representative of the intermediate type of CMT, having both demyelinating and axonal neuropathic features. We analyzed the clinical and genetic characterization of 128 patients with CMTX1 from 63 unrelated families. Genetic analysis revealed a total of 43 mutations including 6 novel mutations. Ten mutations were found from two or more unrelated families. p.V95M was most frequently observed...

Foot orthoses are often used to correct altered gait patterns. The purpose of this study was to investigate how foot orthoses can modify the magnitude of three dimensional moments of ankle, knee, and hip joints during a stride of gait in children with flexible flat feet. Bilateral gait data were collected from fourteen male children (age 10.2±1.4 years) suffering from flat feet syndrome. In order to obtain the kinematics data, a Vicon system with six cameras (100Hz) was used and two Kistler force plates (1000Hz) to record the kinetics data under each leg...

BACKGROUND: Forefoot structure is important to understand some foot problems such as hallux valgus and metatarsalgia. Ultrasonography (US) is a highly portable, noninvasive, low cost, and fast imaging method, especially when compared to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and radiography. As the use of US for evaluating forefoot bony structure has not been validated, except for the presence of synovitis, erosions and bursitis within the forefoot in people with inflammatory arthritis, the purpose of this study was to determine whether US is a reliable method for evaluating forefoot structure...

BACKGROUND: This study sought to assess the prevalence of flat feet in primary school children and to find correlations among arch height, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM), and obesity level. METHODS: The 400 children aged 10 to 12 years who took part in the study had their body height, weight, and fat percentage measured. Based on these measurements, body mass index was calculated and weight status was categorized for all of the participants. The height of the longitudinal arch of the foot was measured on a computerized podoscope and given in Clarke's angles...

An accessory navicular bone (AN) is the most common accessory ossicle in the foot. The presence of an AN bone can trigger various foot problems, such as posterior tibial tendon pathology, flattening of the medial longitudinal arch, and medial foot pain. Despite the clinical influence of presence of an AN in foot disease, the research regarding its inheritance is still insufficient. A total of 135 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins, 25 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins, and 676 singletons from families were enrolled in order to estimate genetic influences on AN...

[Purpose] To investigate the relationship between the static measurement of the transverse arch of the forefoot, using a 3-dimensional (3D) foot scanner, and kinetics and kinematics of gait parameters in the sagittal plane. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy subjects participated in this study. The transverse arch of the forefoot was measured under three conditions as follows: condition 1, sitting; condition 2, standing; and condition 3, foot forward and lower leg tilting anteriorly to the maximum position with heel contact...

PURPOSE: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of pain on the bottom of the heel. It occurs when the strong band of the tissue supporting the arch of foot becomes irritated and inflamed. The majority of patients can be treated conservatively but some resistant cases need surgery eventually. This study aims to evaluate the outcome results of percutaneous planter fascia release under local anesthesia for chronic planter fasciitis. METHODS: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery in the School of Medical Science and Research, Sharda University, India from December 2010 to December 2013...

The longitudinal arch of the human foot is commonly thought to reduce midfoot joint motion to convert the foot into a rigid lever during push off in bipedal walking. In contrast, African apes have been observed to exhibit midfoot dorsiflexion following heel lift during terrestrial locomotion, presumably due to their possession of highly mobile midfoot joints. This assumed dichotomy between human and African ape midfoot mobility has recently been questioned based on indirect assessments of in vivo midfoot motion, such as plantar pressure and cadaver studies; however, direct quantitative analyses of African ape midfoot kinematics during locomotion remain scarce...

The absence of a functioning windlass mechanism may delay re-supination of the foot during locomotion and put excess stress on the mid-tarsal joint and soft tissues of the foot. The purpose of this study was to describe the foot posture of individuals that have an impaired or absent windlass mechanism. Forty-seven individuals (34 females and 13 males) with a mean age of 26 years were recruited to participate in this study. The Foot Posture Index was used to visually assess the posture of both feet. In addition, a digital gauge was used to measure dorsal arch height and midfoot width in bilateral resting standing...

BACKGROUND: Foot orthoses are usually assumed to be effective by optimizing mechanically dynamic rearfoot configuration. However, the effect from a foot orthosis on kinematics that has been demonstrated scientifically has only been marginal. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of different heights in medial arch-supported foot orthoses on rear foot motion during gait. METHODS: Nineteen asymptomatic runners (36±11years, 180±5cm, 79±10kg; 41±22km/week) participated in the study...

The aim of this study was to design an algorithm to quantify the plantar force transference of children from ages 2-6. In total, 319 healthy children without abnormal gait patterns, foot deformities or injuries, able to walk independently, and with normal BMIs were recruited, and their plantar force distributions were measured. Their plantar areas were divided into ten parts: the hallux, toes #2-5, the first to fifth metatarsal heads (1st-5th MTH), the mid-foot (MF), medial heel (MH) and lateral heel (LH), in which a relative force-time integral (FTIrel) (%) was calculated...