Foot arch

BACKGROUND: All typically developing children are born with flexible flat feet, progressively developing a medial longitudinal arch during the first decade of their lives. Whilst the child's foot is expected to be flat, there is currently no consensus as to how flat this foot should be. Furthermore, whilst feet are observed to decrease in flatness with increasing age, it is not known how flat they should be at each age increment. The objective of this systematic review is to define the postural characteristics of the 'typically' developing paediatric foot...

The development of the human foot is crucial for motor learning in children and adolescents as it ensures the basic requirements for bipedal locomotion and stable standing. Although there is an ongoing debate of the advantages and disadvantages of early and permanent footwear use, the influence of regular barefootness on foot characteristics in different stages of child development has not been extensively evaluated. A multicenter epidemiological study was conducted to compare the foot morphology between habitually barefoot children and adolescents (N = 810) to age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched counterparts that are used to wearing shoes...

INTRODUCTION/AIM: Foot structure has been implicated as a risk factor of numerous overuse injuries, however, the mechanism linking foot structure and the development of soft-tissue overuse injuries are not well understood. The aim of this study was to identify factors that could predict foot function during walking. METHODS: A total of eleven variables (including measures of foot structure, anthropometry and spatiotemporal gait characteristics) were investigated for their predictive ability on identifying kinematic, kinetic and energetic components of the foot...

The spring ligament complex is an important static restraint of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot and its failure has been associated with progressive flatfoot deformity. Reconstruction of the spring ligament complex is most appropriate in stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction, before severe peritalar subluxation and rigid deformity develops. Although an understanding of the spring ligament complex and its contribution to medial arch stability has grown, there is no unanimously accepted surgical technique that has consistently demonstrated satisfactory outcomes...

The conventional method of measuring foot-arch parameters is highly dependent on the measurer's skill level, so accurate measurements are difficult to obtain. To solve this problem, we propose an autonomous geometric foot-arch analysis platform that is capable of capturing the sole of the foot and yields three foot-arch parameters: arch index (AI), arch width (AW) and arch height (AH). The proposed system captures 3D geometric and color data on the plantar surface of the foot in a static standing pose using a commercial RGB-D camera...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with clubfoot, treated in infancy with either the Ponseti method or comprehensive clubfoot release, often encounter pain as adults. Multiple studies have characterized residual deformity after Ponseti or surgical correction using physical exam, radiographs and pedobarography; however, the relationship between residual foot deformity and pain is not well defined. The purpose of the current study was 2-fold: (1) to evaluate the relationship between foot morphology and pain for young adults treated as infants for idiopathic clubfoot and (2) to describe and compare pedobarographic measures and outcome measures of pain and morphology among surgically treated, Ponseti treated, and typically developing feet...

BACKGROUND: Foot complaints have been shown to be common in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and heterogeneous in nature. We aimed to categorize self-reported foot complaints in people with SLE and foot symptoms. METHODS: A self-administered validated questionnaire was posted to 406 people with SLE attending adult rheumatology clinics across three health boards in Auckland, New Zealand. In addition to foot pain, vascular complaints, dermatological lesions and neurological symptoms were included in the analysis...

INTRODUCTION: Flat foot (pes planus) is a commonly observed disorder in clinical practice. The height of Medial Longitudinal Arch (MLA) determines the degree of pes planus. Majority of the previous studies on prevalence of flexible flat foot were done among children. AIM: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of flexible flat foot among 18-21-year-old Indian adults using Navicular Drop Test (NDT) which is regarded as reliable and valid method to characterise MLA...

Heel lifts have been widely used as a conservative treatment for some musculoskeletal problems and complaints. However, the heel rise caused by heel lifts may also affect the plantar pressure distribution and stability during walking. This study aimed to test whether adding an arch support to a heel lift would improve its stability and comfort through comparing the center of pressure (COP) during walking and subjective ratings between heel lifts with and without an arch support. Fifteen healthy male participants were asked to walk along an 8m walkway while wearing high-cut footwear with the control heel lifts and the heel lifts with an arch support...

BACKGROUND: Direct (DIR) or indirect (IND) revascularization of pedal angiosomes in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) has an unclear impact on limb salvage and healing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of DIR and IND revascularization in patients with a peroneal bypass and tissue loss. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of a prospectively maintained database in two European university centers from 2004 to 2015. We extracted from this database all patients with CLTI and tissue loss who had received a bypass to the peroneal artery...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential presence and characteristics of biomechanical responders to customized foot orthoses during walking in adults with flat-arched feet. DESIGN: Experimental, repeated-measures. SETTING: University clinic and laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Eighteen symptom-free adults with flat-arched feet. INTERVENTIONS: Customized foot orthoses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In-shoe foot biomechanics were measured during walking with and without customized foot orthoses using 3D analysis...

The pathogenesis of melanomas emerging in plantar surfaces remains unclear; however, mechanical stress has been reported to increase the formation of melanomas. In this study, we conducted a multicenter retrospective analysis of 153 acral melanomas diagnosed between 2000 and 2015 in Taiwan. The male-to-female ratio of the patients in question was 1:1.28, and the mean age at diagnosis was 68 years. We examined whether melanomas which developed in different areas of the patients' soles differed in their associations with various clinicopathological characteristics and survival...

BACKGROUND: Measurement of the medial longitudinal foot arch in children is a controversial topic, as there are many different methods without a definite standard procedure. The purpose of this study was to 1) investigate intraday and interrater reliability regarding dynamic arch index and static arch height, 2) explore the correlation between both arch indices, and 3) examine the variation of the medial longitudinal arch at two different times of the day. METHODS: Eighty-six children (mean ± SD age, 8...

The endovascular realm has steadily increased its footing in the treatment of the aorta and all of its territories since the foundational case in 1990 by Parodi. The aortic arch, however, continues to be one of the last bastions for treatment via open surgery, which remains the gold standard. Significant comorbidity and prior cardiac surgery prevent open surgery from being the only preferred option, allowing novel endovascular procedures to be considered. Since 1999, more advanced endovascular systems have been created by companies such as Cook Medical, Bolton Medical, Medtronic, Endospan, Gore Medical, and, recently, Kawasumi...

Callus samples from the ball and the arch of the foot, collected on tape circles, were compared by shotgun proteomic profiling. Pachyonychia congenita subjects were sampled who exhibited a mutation in KRT6A, KRT6B, KRT6C, KRT16 or KRT17, and the proteins were digested and analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. In comparison with samples from unaffected control subjects, those from subjects with KRT6A or KRT16 mutations displayed the most differences in profile from normal, while those from subjects with KRT6C or KRT17 mutations showed few differences from normal...

AIM: To develop pathogenetically justified surgical treatment of diabetic neuroosteoarthropathy (DNOAP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 52 patients were operated and long-term results were studied in 36 of them. 2 groups were assessed depending on completeness of surgical treatment including changed synovial structures removal. Tarso-metatarsal arthrodesis was created after synovectomy in median foot to restore longitudinal arch. Cruro-calcaneal neoarthrosis was performed after elimination of posterior focus of DNOAP...

It has been demonstrated that the torsional patterns of the metatarsal heads are associated with the presence or absence of the medial longitudinal arch in hominoid feet. The relatively untwisted second metatarsal is unique in humans, but that of the African apes is much more inverted, suggesting that the torsion of the second metatarsal might represent the overall shape and flatness of the foot. Some clinical studies have recently argued that the onset of foot pathologies such as hallux valgus might be related to the torsional pattern of the metatarsals...

[Purpose] There are no reliable evidences that the weakening of intrinsic foot muscles causes the decrease of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height. The purpose of this study was to confirm whether the fatigue of intrinsic foot muscles decrease the MLA height during standing and gait using 3D motion analysis system. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty healthy male subjects participated in this study. Foot kinematics was measured using an Oxford Foot Model before and after fatigue-inducing exercises of the abductor hallucis and flexor hallucis brevis muscles...

[Purpose] This study investigated the effects of proprietary foot orthotics in young adults with flatfoot to determine changes in the ankle joint angle in the coronal plane during the midstance phase. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 15 college students diagnosed with flatfoot. Changes in the ankle joint angle in the coronal plane in the midstance phase were measured using the Vicon Motion System before and after use of the orthotic. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Win 16...

BACKGROUND: Foot orthoses are widely used in the prevention and treatment of foot disorders. The aim of this study was to describe characteristics of custom-made foot orthosis prescriptions from a Australian podiatric orthotic laboratory. METHODS: One thousand consecutive foot orthosis prescription forms were obtained from a commercial prescription foot orthosis laboratory located in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (Footwork Podiatric Laboratory). Each item from the prescription form was documented in relation to orthosis type, cast correction, arch fill technique, cast modifications, shell material, shell modifications and cover material...