Foot arch

BACKGROUND: Flexible flatfoot (FFF) is a common alteration of the foot diagnosed in the pediatric population causing pain and decreased quality of life. Surgical treatment via arthroereisis of the subtalar joint can be recommended when non-invasive options do not result in sufficient pain relief. While clinical outcome of subtalar joint arthroereisis is generally positive, no functional evaluation has thus far been reported following surgery. RESEARCH QUESTION: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of two arthroereisis implants for the correction of bilateral FFF on foot and lower limb biomechanics during gait...

Medializing calcaneal osteotomy forms part of the treatment options for adult acquired flat foot. The structural correction that is achieved is widely known. However, the effect of this procedure on the soft tissues that support the plantar arch has been little studied, since it is not possible to quantify experimentally the tension and deformation variations generated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of medializing calcaneal osteotomy on the soft tissue that supports the plantar arch, using a computational model of the human foot designed with a clinical approach...

Obesity is reported to be an important factor affecting foot structure and function. For obese individuals, weight reduction or increasing weight physical activity could be an effective approach to improve foot structure and function. The present study sought to determine the effect of weight reduction and increasing physical activity on foot structure and function in obese Japanese and to investigate which intervention is more beneficial. The participants were divided into the weight reduction group (n = 30; body mass index 29...

The transmetatarsal amputation is considered a durable procedure with respect to limb salvage when managing the consequences of diabetic foot disease. The success of the procedure is, in part, determined by the preoperative appreciation of arterial and functional status. The objectives of the present investigation were to determine the length of the remaining first metatarsal required during transmetatarsal amputation to preserve the anastomotic connection of the deep plantar perforating artery and subsequent "vascular arch" of the foot and the insertion of the tibialis anterior tendon...

Aims Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is a paradigm employed to assess descending control of spinal nociception. Previous studies have shown that CPM affects the nociceptive withdrawal reflex (NWR) threshold (RTh), typically assessed in one muscle. However, the NWR activates not one but a group of synergistic muscles, which are recruited by common neural commands to achieve the limb withdrawal. In this regard, synergy analysis can provide the minimum coordinated recruitment of groups of muscles with specific activation balances that describe a movement...

OBJECTIVE: Barefoot impressions collected from crime scenes can be used in forensic analysis. The reliability of the measurement method employed during comparison of these foot impressions is paramount to prevent incorrect conclusions being made. A number of methods of obtaining measurements from barefoot impressions have been described in the research literature; however there has been no comprehensive review of their reliability. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to determine the reliability of measurements used to describe footprint morphology obtained from static and dynamic barefoot impressions...

BACKGROUND: Sustentaculum tali fractures are rare foot fractures accounting for 1% of all calcaneal fractures, which accounts for about 1-2% of all bone fractures. Since the importance of sustentaculum tali in maintaining the medial foot arch, its fractures should be dealt with anatomical fixation to avoid post-traumatic arthrosis. OBJECTIVE: Is to delineate the importance of sustentacular tali fractures fixation mentioning operative technique and the post-operative outcome...

BACKGROUND: Assessment of the foot arch is an important element of posture examination. In clinical practice, different methods are used. Reliability and repeatability of the techniques raises many doubts. OBJECTIVE: Development and verification of our own, automated diagnostic algorithm for evaluation of the longitudinal arch of the foot with the use of the Zebris FDM-S dynamometric platform. METHODS: This paper presents selected footprints assessment methods and Zebris dynamometric platform to assess the longitudinal arch of the foot...

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of talonavicular arthrodesis for Müller-Weiss disease. Methods: Between May 2013 and February 2015, 13 patients with Müller-Weiss disease were treated with talonavicular arthrodesis. There were 11 females and 2 males with an average age of 59 years (range, 42-67 years). The disease duration was 8-20 years (mean, 13 years). According to Maceira stage, there were 7 cases of stage Ⅲ, 6 cases of stage Ⅳ. The foot longitudinal arch height measured on weight-bearing X-ray films was (43...

Numerous surgical techniques for the treatment of Müller-Weiss disease (MWD) have been reported. However, no extensive clinical and radiographic studies of isolated talonavicular arthrodesis and MWD have been reported. The present retrospective cohort study examined the outcomes of isolated talonavicular arthrodesis at 3 to 8 years of follow-up in 16 MWD patients with a collapsed longitudinal arch and at least Maceira stage III. Demographic data, pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain on walking and walking disability, foot and ankle outcome scores (FAOSs), and radiographic parameters were analyzed, with statistical significance at p < ...

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies show conflicting results in wound healing outcomes based on angiosome direct perfusion (DP), but few have adjusted for wound characteristics in their analyses. We have previously shown that the Society for Vascular Surgery Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification correlates with wound healing in diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) treated by a multidisciplinary team. The aim of this study was to compare WIfI classification vs DP and pedal arch patency as predictors of wound healing in patients presenting with DFU and peripheral arterial disease...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of an eight-week neuromuscular electrostimulation program on the intrinsic foot muscle strength. The results were compared with those from a passive and an active control group. METHODS: 74 healthy participants were recruited and divided into three groups: a neuromuscular electrostimulation group (n=19), a passive control group (n=15) with no further intervention, and an active control group following a running protocol with minimal shoes (n=40)...

Paediatric leg pains, long described as 'growing pains', frequently present to clinicians, are prevalent in early childhood, disrupt sleep, and distress affected children and parents. There are many cited associations, but no defined leg pain sub-types, nor revealed predictive factors. We explored the implicated factors (viz. foot arches, foot strength, joint mobility, vitamin D, iron) in children with leg pain versus a control group. Leg pain sub-groups-growing pains (GP), restless legs (RLS), both (mixed)-are defined for the first time...

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the presentation of end stage peripheral arterial disease and typically presents with rest pain, ulceration and gangrene. The outcome of conservative treatment is poor and often leads to amputations. Arterial revascularization plays an important role in amputation prevention. Unfortunately, a significant percentage of CLI patients cannot be revascularized and subsequently end up with a palliative amputation. This has led to the need and exploration of new treatment options in this no option subgroup of CLI...

Dear Editor, Pitted keratolysis (PK), also known as keratosis plantaris sulcatum, is a non-inflammatory, bacterial, superficial cutaneous infection, characterized by many discrete superficial crateriform ''pits'' and erosions in the thickly keratinized skin of the weight-bearing regions of the soles of the feet (1). The disease often goes unnoticed by the patient, but when it is noticed it is because of the unbearable malodor and hyperhidrosis of the feet, which are socially unacceptable and cause great anxiety to many of the patients...

BACKGROUND: Limited evidence is available regarding the effects of insoles on pediatric flexible flatfoot because of the heterogeneity and low methodological quality of previous studies. The purpose of this prospective trial is to examine the short-term effects of customized arch support insoles on symptomatic flexible flatfoot in children by using the International Classification of Functioning, randomized controlled Disability, and Health (ICF) framework. METHODS: This study was conducted in a rehabilitation outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital...

[Purpose] Medial longitudinal arch (MLA) height is associated with various injuries and diseases and gender differences, if any. This study aimed to examine factors affecting the MLA height associated with gender differences in healthy subjects with no orthopedic disorders. [Subjects and Methods] This study included 36 healthy adults (19 males, 17 females; mean age, 21.8 ± 3.6 years; body mass index, 21.1 ± 2.0 kg/m2 ). Their height, body weight, foot length, muscle strength of the tibialis posterior muscle (TPM), toe-gripping strength, hallux valgus angle, inversion microdactylia angle, angle of leg-heel alignment, femoro-tibial angle, and navicular height were measured...

BACKGROUND: Several multi-segment foot models (MFMs) have been introduced for in vivo analyses of dynamic foot kinematics. However, the normal gait patterns of healthy children and adolescents remain uncharacterized. We sought to determine normal foot kinematics according to age in clinically normal female children and adolescents using a Foot 3D model. METHODS: Fifty-eight girls (age 7-17 years) with normal function and without radiographic abnormalities were tested...

BACKGROUND: The intent of this pilot study was to determine the feasibility of using high-speed stereo radiography (HSSR) to assess the effectiveness of footwear and foot orthoses in controlling the change in the position of the midfoot during walking in individuals with a flexible pes planus foot type. METHODS: Four individuals (1 female; 3 male) with a mean age of 25 years (range 22-29) and a bilateral flexible pes planus foot type participated in the study. The HSSR system was used to measure 3-dimensional changes in the longitudinal arch angle (LAA) with each participant walking barefoot, shoe only and shoes with orthoses...

Recent discoveries have made hominin tracks an increasingly prevalent component of the human fossil record, and these data have the capacity to inform long-standing debates regarding the biomechanics of hominin locomotion. However, there is currently no consensus on how to decipher biomechanical variables from hominin tracks. These debates can be linked to our generally limited understanding of the complex interactions between anatomy, motion, and substrate that give rise to track morphology. These interactions are difficult to study because direct visualization of the track formation process is impeded by foot and substrate opacity...