CHO loading

Ciprofloxacin (CIP) poses a high risk of resistance development in water environments. Therefore, comprehensive effects and recovery strategies of CIP in anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process were systematically elucidated from consortia and pure strains perspectives. The anammox consortia was not significantly affected by the stress of 10 mg L-1 CIP, while the higher concentration (20 mg L-1 ) of CIP caused a dramatic reduction in the nitrogen removal performance of anammox system. Simultaneously, the abundances of dominant functional bacteria and corresponding genes also significantly decreased...

Global public health is seriously threatened by thrombotic disorders because of their high rates of mortality and disability. Most thrombolytic agents, especially protein-based pharmaceuticals, have a short half-life in circulation, reducing their effectiveness in thrombolysis. The creation of an intelligent drug delivery system that delivers medication precisely and releases it under regulated conditions at nearby thrombus sites is essential for effective thrombolysis. In this article, we present a unique medication delivery system (MCRUA) that selectively targets platelets and releases drugs by stimulation from the thrombus' microenvironment...

Chitosan, known for its appealing biological properties in packaging and biomedical applications, faces challenges in achieving a well-organized crystalline structure for mechanical excellence under mild conditions. Herein, we propose a facile and mild bioengineering approach to induce organized assembly of amorphous chitosan into mechanically strong bio-composite via incorporating a genetically engineered insect structural protein, the cuticular protein hypothetical-1 from the Ostrinia furnacalis (OfCPH-1)...

Recently, there has been a focus on using biopolymer-based particles to stabilize high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPEs) due to the notable advances in biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this work, the complex particles of peanut protein isolate and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with various substitution degrees (DS; 0.7 and 0.9) and weight average molecular weights (Mw; 90, 250, and 700 kDa) were prepared and characterized as novel stabilizers. For the obtained four types of morphologically distinct particles, the complex particles formed by CMC (0...

Biological processes, such as bone defects healing are precisely controlled in both time and space. This spatiotemporal characteristic inspires novel therapeutic strategies. The sustained-release systems including hydrogels are commonly utilized in the treatment of bone defect; however, traditional hydrogels often release drugs at a consistent rate, lacking temporal precision. In this study, a hybrid hydrogel has been developed by using sodium alginate, sucrose acetate isobutyrate, and electrospray microspheres as the base materials, and designed with ultrasound response, and on-demand release properties...

To investigate the incubation conditions encountered by enzymes in cereal-based product transformation processes, this study aims to provide comprehensive information on the effect of low (18 %) to high (72 %) solid loading on the behavior of bacterial and fungal xylanases towards wheat grain fractions, i.e. white flour, ground whole grain and bran. Both enzymes are effective from 30 % water content. A water content of 50 % appears as the threshold for optimal arabinoxylan solubilisation...

A novel delivery system comprising N-succinic anhydride (N-SAA) and D-fructose co-conjugated chitosan (NSCF)-modified polymeric liposomes (NSCF-PLip) were designed to enhance oral delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) by targeting monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) and glucose transporters (GLUT). The synthesized NSCF was characterised by FT-IR and 1 H NMR spectra. The prepared 30.78 % (degree of substitution of N-SAA) NSCF-PTX-PLip were approximately 150 nm in size, with a regular spherical shape, the zeta potential of -25...

The fabrication of highly elastic, fatigue-resistant and conductive hydrogels with antibacterial properties is highly desirable in the field of wearable devices. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously realize the above properties within one hydrogel without compromising excellent sensing ability. Herein, we fabricated a highly elastic, fatigue-resistant, conductive, antibacterial and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) enhanced hydrogel as a sensitive strain sensor by the synergistic effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs), MXene and nanocellulose...

Chain elongation of unprotected carbohydrates in water under mild conditions remains a challenge both in chemical and biochemical synthesis. The Knoevenagel addition or condensation enables transformations to bioactive scaffolds for pharmaceutical and agrochemical compounds. Unfortunately, the catalysts in use for these transformations often reduce the green metrics of the transformations. Here, we use in situ NMR visualizations to explore the prospective use of natural catalysts for the synthesis of triple- and quadruple-functionalized furan- or dihydrofuran-derivatives from glucose and malononitrile...

Neoantigens are tumor-derived peptides and are biomarkers that can predict prognosis related to immune checkpoint inhibition by estimating their binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. Although deep neural networks have been primarily used for these prediction models, it is difficult to interpret the models reported thus far as accurately representing the interactions between biomolecules. In this study, we propose the GraphMHC model, which utilizes a graph neural network model applied to molecular structure to simulate the binding between MHC proteins and peptide sequences...

Enhancing carbohydrate export from source to sink tissues is considered to be a realistic approach for improving photosynthetic efficiency and crop yield. The rice sucrose transporters OsSUT1, OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 contribute to sucrose phloem loading and seed filling. Crucially, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) infection in rice enhances the expression of OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 genes, and causes leaf blight. Here we show that co-overexpression of OsSUT1, OsSWEET11a and OsSWEET14 in rice reduced sucrose synthesis and transport leading to lower growth and yield but reduced susceptibility to Xoo relative to controls...

Immune-cell-derived membranes have garnered significant attention as innovative delivery modalities in cancer immunotherapy for their intrinsic immune-modulating functionalities and superior biocompatibilities. Integrating additional parental cell membranes or synthetic lipid vesicles into cellular vesicles can further potentiate their capacities to perform combinatorial pharmacological activities in activating antitumor immunity, thus providing insights into the potential of hybrid cellular vesicles as versatile delivery vehicles for cancer immunotherapy...

Quantitative dynamics of the key intermediates, gases and carbohydrates during anaerobic digestion of different lipid rich kitchen waste and lipid rich model kitchen waste were modeled. Six batch reactors loaded with 25 g <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/> <mml:mtext>VS</mml:mtext></mml:msub> </mml:math>  l <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

PURPOSE: To assess (1) whether and how a higher maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) at higher cycling cadence (RPM) comes along with higher absolute and/or fractional carbohydrate combustion (CHOMLSS), respectively, and (2) whether there is an interrelation between potential RPM-dependent MLSS effects and the maximally achievable RPM (RPMMAX). METHODS: Twelve healthy males performed incremental load tests to determine peak power, peak oxygen uptake, and 30-minute MLSS tests at 50 and 100 per minute, respectively, to assess RPM-dependent MLSS, corresponding power output, CHOMLSS responses, and 6-second sprints to measure RPMMAX...

Substantial evidence suggests a role for immunotherapy in treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). While the precise pathophysiology of AD is incompletely understood, clinical trials of antibodies targeting aggregated forms of β amyloid (Aβ) have shown that reducing amyloid plaques can mitigate cognitive decline in patients with early-stage AD. Here, we describe what we believe to be a novel approach to target and degrade amyloid plaques by genetically engineering macrophages to express an Aβ-targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-Ms)...

Despite the theoretical benefits, the favorable effect of preoperative carbohydrate loading on postoperative morbidity remains controversial. Most of the outcomes reported in the literature are derived from non-gynecologic surgery data, with only one study involving a limited number of patients specifically in gynecological oncology. The present study aimed to investigate the impact of carbohydrate loading, as a single element of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols, on postoperative course and morbidity in patients undergoing debulking surgery for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)...

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has achieved groundbreaking results in clinical cancer therapy; however, only a subset of patients experience durable benefits. The aim of this study was to explore strategies for predicting tumor responses to optimize the intervention approach using ICB therapy. Methods: We used a bilateral mouse model for proteomics analysis to identify new imaging biomarkers for tumor responses to ICB therapy. A PET radiotracer was synthesized by radiolabeling the identified biomarker-targeting antibody with 124 I...

AIM: From an early age, exercise is key to managing type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, hypoglycemia around aerobic exercise is a major barrier to physical activity in children. We explore whether intermittent high-intensity aerobic exercise (IHE), designed to mimic spontaneous childhood physical activity patterns, offers better protection against glycemic drop than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). METHODS: Five boys and 7 girls with T1D (9.8 ± 1...

Delivery to peripheral lymphatics can be achieved following interstitial administration of nano-sized delivery systems (nanoparticles, liposomes, dendrimers etc) or molecules that hitchhike on endogenous nano-sized carriers (such as albumin). The published work concerning the hitchhiking approach has mostly focussed on the lymphatic uptake of vaccines conjugated directly to albumin binding moieties (ABMs such as lipids, Evans blue dye derivatives or peptides) and their subsequent trafficking into draining lymph nodes...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the kinematic effects of two widely-used prefabricated ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs), the Dyna Ankle (DA) and UD Flex (UD), on the gait cycle of patients with hemiplegia due to cerebral palsy or acquired brain injury. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study involving 29 patients. Gait analysis results were assessed under three conditions: barefoot, with the DA, and with the UD. Friedman tests and post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction were performed to assess differences between the three conditions...