holiday segar

Appropriate perioperative management can facilitate good outcomes in pediatric neurosurgical patients. This section discusses infusion therapy, prophylactic antibiotics, and antiepileptic drugs in the perioperative management of pediatric neurosurgical patients. Fluid requirements were calculated using the Holiday and Segar formula and the 4-2-1 rule for determining hourly infusion requirements based on metabolic rate and body weight. Recently, the risk of hyponatremia with the use of hypotonic solutions has been reported, and an isotonic electrolyte solution with 1-2...

Appropriate fluid management is vital for adequate tissue perfusion and balancing the internal milieu especially in perioperative settings and critically ill children. Pediatric population is heterogeneous so one formula may not suffice and hence both the quantitative and qualitative perspective of fluid management should be based on physiology and pathology of the child along with their perioperative needs. In perioperative setup, the fluid is administered to meet fluid deficits (fasting, and other daily based losses), blood losses and third space losses...

The more than 50 years ago of Holiday and Segar created fundamentals of fluid therapy with sodium hypotonic solutions require revision. Hypotonic electrolyte solutions should not be longer used perioperatively. To maintain the water balance in the perioperative phase stable, children need balanced electrolyte solutions, corresponding to the composition of the extracellular space. Routine glucose supply is not required, only children with an increased risk of hypoglycemia, such as newborns, need a supply of glucose as well as a monitoring of serum glucose...

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric parenteral nutrition (PN) in Spain has traditionally been prescribed and made up on an individual basis. This practice entails daily indication of the quantity of each of the components of the PN bag as well as precise calculations for its formulation and preparation. The main advantages of individualized prescriptions are their flexibility and precise biochemical control. The aim of this study was to determine whether pediatric PN can be standardized in a tertiary care hospital...