circulation research

Dirofilaria immitis is a mosquito-borne nematode-causing canine heartworm disease, with adult worms localized in the pulmonary arteries and right heart. In rare cases, ectopic migration might occur, and adults and blood circulating microfilariae can be found in unusual organs or fluids (e.g., eyes, abdominal cavity, bone marrow, and urine). A 17-year-old mixed-breed female dog was presented in a private veterinary clinic in Italy for hematuria and dysuria. Physical examination showed cardiac mitral murmur with marked respiratory distress and cyanotic mucous membranes after handling...

INTRODUCTION: Blood-based biomarkers for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) have been studied individually; however, we considered a panel of proteins to investigate AAA prognosis and its potential to improve predictive accuracy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using a prospectively recruited cohort of patients with/without AAA ( n = 452), we conducted a prognostic study to develop a model that accurately predicts AAA outcomes using clinical features and circulating biomarker levels...

BACKGROUND: Ultrafiltration (UF) is a common practice during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) where it is used as a blood management strategy to reduce red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, minimize adverse effects of hemodilution, and reduce proinflammatory mediators. However, its clinical utilization has been shown to vary throughout the continents. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the distribution of UF use across the United States. DATA COLLECTION: Data on UF use during cardiac surgery was obtained from a national (United States) perfusion database for adult cardiac procedures performed from January 2016 through December 2018...

INTRODUCTION: Research on obesity, which results from excessive food consumption and sedentary lifestyle, has focused on increasing energy expenditure. Recently, muscle tissue is being investigated as an endocrine active organ, secreting molecules called myokines. Multiple studies have been performed to assess myokine levels in various disorders, including polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic syndrome. Irisin and Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) are particles which, among others, are suggested to play an important role in adipose tissue browning and improving insulin sensitivity...

The increasing carbon emissions is one of the important reasons for global warming. As a key area of carbon emissions, carbon sequestration capacity of cities is urgently needed to be improved. Carbon sequestration ser-vices can be transferred between supply and demand areas due to the circulation of atmosphere. With Linyi City as an example, we used the minimum cumulative resistance model to extract the matching path of supply and demand, and constructed a carbon sequestration ecological network. The results showed that the regions with high supply of carbon sequestration services were located in the north and south of the study area, and that current total supply could solve about 60% of the total demand...

BACKGROUND: In August 2023, the BA.2.86 SARS-CoV-2 variant, with over 30 spike protein mutations, emerged amidst the global dominance of XBB sub-lineages. It evolved into JN.1 by late 2023, spreading across 71 countries. JN.1, distinct for its L455S mutation, significantly dominated global sequences, raising concerns over its transmission and clinical impact. The study investigates JN.1's clinical severity and its effect on hospital admissions in Maharashtra, India. METHODOLOGY: The present study involved 3,150 curated Indian SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequences with collection dates between 1st August 2023 and 15th January 2024...

Moyamoya arteriopathy is a condition where chronic, progressive stenosis of large intracranial arteries, primarily of the anterior circulation, results in ischemia and the growth of small, abnormal collateral vessels. There is increasing evidence that infectious pathologies, such as COVID-19, may serve as a sort of trigger, or "second hit," for the development of moyamoya arteriopathy. In this article, we present the case of a 13-year-old female with Down syndrome and unilateral moyamoya arteriopathy who developed contralateral internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection and thrombus in the setting of a positive COVID-19 test and subsequently developed rapidly progressive contralateral ICA and bilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) moyamoya-like stenosis...

AIM: Investigate long-term outcome in paediatric submersion-related cardiac arrests (CA). METHODS: Children (age one day-17 years) were included if admitted to the Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, after drowning with CA, between 2002 and 2019. Primary outcome was survival with favourable neurological outcome, defined as a Paediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) score of 1-3 at longest available follow-up. Secondary outcome were age-appropriate neuropsychological assessments at longest available follow-up...

INTRODUCTION: The German Resuscitation Registry was started in 2007 and collects data on out-of-hospital as well as in-hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation. It has collected more than 400.000 datasets till today. METHODS: The German Resuscitation Registry (GRR) is a voluntary quality improvement tool and research tool for out-of-hospital and in-hospital resuscitation as well as in-hospital emergency treatment. It collects data for initial treatment, in-hospital care as well as long-term outcome in an online database...

Remimazolam is a novel ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine that allosterically modulates γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors to exert sedative effects. Remimazolam has the properties of controllable sedation, rapid onset, and a short duration of action, along with minor depression of circulation and respiration. Remimazolam has been approved for clinical use since 2020 in Japan, and it has been applied for procedural sedation, general anesthesia induction and maintenance, and sedation in ICU patients, and has been proven to be safe and effective...

By modifying immune cells, immunotherapy can activate immune response to establish long-term immune memory and prevent tumor recurrence. However, their effectiveness is largely constricted by the poor immunogenicity, immune escape, and immune tolerance of the tumor. This is related to the characteristics of the tumor itself, such as genome instability and mutation. The combination of various nanocarriers with tumor immunotherapy is beneficial for overcoming the shortcomings of traditional immunotherapy. Nanocarriers coated by cell membranes can extend blood circulation time, improve ability to evade immune clearance, and enhance targeting, thus significantly enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy and showing great potential in tumor immunotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Recent genetic evidence supports that circulating biochemical and metabolic traits (BMTs) play a causal role in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which might be mediated by changes in brain structure. Here, we leveraged publicly available genome-wide association study data to investigate the intrinsic causal relationship between blood BMTs, brain image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) and AD. METHODS: Utilizing the genetic variants associated with 760 blood BMTs and 172 brain IDPs as the exposure and the latest AD summary statistics as the outcome, we analyzed the causal relationship between blood BMTs and brain IDPs and AD by using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method...

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoantibodies can lead to the formation of autoimmune diseases through Fab and/or Fc-mediated interactions with host molecules as well as activated T cells. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) binds at acidic pH IgG and albumin, and the mechanism for prolonging serum IgG half-life is making IgG re-entry into circulation by prompting it not to be degraded by lysosomes and back to the cell surface. Given the FcRn receptor's essential role in IgG homeostasis, one of the strategies to promote the quick degradation of endogenous IgG is to suppress the function of FcRn, which is beneficial to the treatment of IgG-driven autoimmune disorders like myasthenia gravis (MG), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP), stiff person syndrome, and immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)...

In this study, conducted at the National Institute of Health, Islamabad, during an outbreak of human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) from December 2022 to January 2023, the first whole-genome sequences of hRSV isolates from Islamabad, Pakistan, were determined. Out of 10 positive samples, five were sequenced, revealing the presence of two genotypes: RSV-A (GA2.3.5, ON1 strain) and RSV-B (GB5.0.5.a, BA-10 strain). A rare non-synonymous substitution (E232G) in G the protein and N276S in the F protein were found in RSV-A...

Endometrial cancer, the most common gynaecological cancer worldwide, is closely linked to obesity and metabolic diseases, particularly in younger women. New circulating biomarkers have the potential to improve diagnosis and treatment selections, which could significantly improve outcomes. Our approach focuses on extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarker discovery by directly profiling the proteome of EVs enriched from frozen biobanked endometrial tumours. We analysed nine tissue samples to compare three clinical subgroups-low BMI (Body Mass Index) Endometrioid, high BMI Endometrioid, and Serous (any BMI)-identifying proteins related to histological subtype, BMI, and shared secreted proteins...

Peritoneal metastasis is the common route of metastasis in gastric cancer and is a major cause of death in advanced gastric cancer. Early intervention with comprehensive treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of some patients with peritoneal metastasis. However, early peritoneal metastasis in gastric cancer is predominantly micro-metastasis, which cannot be effectively evaluated by imaging studies. Moreover, the detection of disseminated cancer cells in peritoneal lavage suffers from a low detection rate and significant heterogeneity...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) poses a significant threat to human health globally. It is crucial to develop a vaccine to reduce the effect of the virus on public health, economy, and society and regulate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Influenza B virus (IBV) can be used as a vector that does not rely on the current circulating influenza A strains. In this study, we constructed an IBV-based vector vaccine by inserting a receptor-binding domain (RBD) into a non-structural protein 1 (NS1)-truncated gene (rIBV-NS110-RBD)...

Zika virus (ZIKV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) are antigenically related flaviviruses that co-circulate in many countries/territories. The interaction between the two viruses needs to be determined. Recent findings by ourselves and other labs showed that JEV-elicited antibodies (Abs) and CD8+ T cells exacerbate and protect against subsequent ZIKV infection, respectively. However, the impact of JEV envelope (E) protein domain III (EDIII)-induced immune responses on ZIKV infection is unclear. We show here that sera from JEV-EDIII-vaccinated mice cross-react with ZIKV-EDIII in vitro, and transfer of the same sera to mice significantly decreases death upon lethal ZIKV infection at a dose-dependent manner...

Leukemias and their bone marrow microenvironments undergo dynamic changes over the course of disease. However, little is known about the circulation kinetics of leukemia cells, nor the impact of specific factors on the clearance of circulating leukemia cells (CLCs) from the blood. To gain a basic understanding of CLC dynamics over the course of disease progression and therapeutic response, we apply a blood exchange method to mouse models of acute leukemia. We find that CLCs circulate in the blood for 1-2 orders of magnitude longer than solid tumor circulating tumor cells...

The Red Queen Hypothesis (RQH), derived from Lewis Carroll's "Through the Looking-Glass", postulates that organisms must continually adapt in response to each other to maintain relative fitness. Within the context of host-pathogen interactions, the RQH implies an evolutionary arms race, wherein viruses evolve to exploit hosts and hosts evolve to resist viral invasion. This study delves into the dynamics of the RQH in the context of virus-cell interactions, specifically focusing on virus receptors and cell receptors...