B lymphocyte and cancer

Granzymes are a family of serine proteases, composed of five human members: GA, B, H, M and K. They were first discovered in the 1980s within cytotoxic granules released during NK cell- and T cell-mediated killing. Through their various proteolytic activities, granzymes can trigger different pathways within cells, all of which ultimately lead to the same result, cell death. Over the years, the initial consideration of granzymes as mere cytotoxic mediators has changed due to surprising findings demonstrating their expression in cells other than immune effectors as well as new intracellular and extracellular activities...

BACKGROUND: Recent data found a correlation between lymphopenia occurring early during craniospinal radiation therapy (RT) and risk of disease recurrence in newly diagnosed childhood medulloblastoma. However, the population included patients who received chemotherapy prior to or during RT. Here, we investigate the effect of lymphopenia during RT in patients with newly diagnosed pediatric medulloblastoma who were chemotherapy-naïve. PROCEDURE: We analyzed 79 patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma (ages 2-21 years) treated between 1997 and 2013 with craniospinal RT...

BACKGROUND: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is frequently expressed in breast cancer (BC), and its prognostic implications are contingent on estrogen receptor (ER) status. To address conflicting reports and explore therapeutic potential, a GR signature (GRsig) independent of ER status was developed. We also investigated cell type-specific GR protein expression in BC tumor epithelial cells and infiltrating lymphocytes. METHODS: GRsig was derived from Dexamethasone treated cell lines through a bioinformatic pipeline...

BACKGROUND: The clinical and genetic characteristics, as well as treatment outcomes, of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients with different MYD88 and CD79B mutation status merit further investigation. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the distinctions in clinical manifestations, genetic characteristics, and treatment outcomes among MYD88-CD79Bco-mut , MYD88/CD79Bsingle-mut , and MYD88-CD79Bco-wt DLBCL patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical and genetic characteristics, along with treatment outcomes among 2696 DLBCL patients bearing MYD88-CD79Bco-mut , MYD88/CD79Bsingle-mut , and MYD88-CD79Bco-wt treated with R-CHOP/R-CHOP-like regimens from the Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College and six external cohorts were analyzed...

CONTEXT: Procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2 (PCOLCE2) is associated with the degradation of the extracellular matrix and collagen-chain trimerization, playing a yet unexplored role in tumor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The study intended to characterize PCOLCE2's influence on colorectal cancer (CRC) using expression analysis and to investigate its prognostic potential. DESIGN: The research team performed a genetic analysis using genetic databases, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), the Tumor IMmune Estimation Resource (TIMER), and LinkedOmics...

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative pathogen that colonizes the stomach, induces inflammation, and drives pathological changes in the stomach tissue, including gastric cancer. As the principal cytokine produced by Th17 cells, IL-17 mediates protective immunity against pathogens by inducing the activation and mobilization of neutrophils. Whereas IL-17A is largely produced by lymphocytes, the IL-17 receptor is expressed in epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and hematopoietic cells. Loss of the IL-17RA in mice results in impaired antimicrobial responses to extracellular bacteria...

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have been associated with outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab. However, it remains unclear if TILs could be a prognostic and/or predictive biomarker in the context of dual HER2-targeting treatment. In this study, we evaluated the association between TILs and pathological response (pCR) and invasive-disease free survival (IDFS) in 389 patients with stage II-III HER2 positive breast cancer who received neoadjuvant anthracycline-containing or anthracycline-free chemotherapy combined with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in the TRAIN-2 trial...

In this study, single-cell RNA-seq data were collected to analyze the characteristics of Histone deacetylation factor (HDF). The tumor microenvironment (TME) cell clusters related to prognosis and immune response were identified by using CRC tissue transcriptome and immunotherapy cohorts from public repository. We explored the expression characteristics of HDF in stromal cells, macrophages, T lymphocytes, and B lymphocytes of the CRC single-cell dataset TME and further identified 4 to 6 cell subclusters using the expression profiles of HDF-associated genes, respectively...

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PURPOSE: Diffuse pleural mesotheliomas (DPMs) with genomic near-haploidization (GNH) represent a novel subtype first recognized by the TCGA project; however, its clinicopathologic and molecular features remain poorly defined. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We analyzed clinical genomic profiling data from 290 patients with DPM using the MSK-IMPACT assay. Allele-specific copy number analysis was performed using the FACETS algorithm. RESULTS: 210 patients were evaluable for LOH analysis using FACETS...

Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) are rare mediastinal cancers originating from the thymus, classified in two main histotypes: thymoma and thymic carcinoma (TC). TETs affect a primary lymphoid organ playing a critical role in keeping T-cell homeostasis and ensuring an adequate immunological tolerance against "self". In particular, thymomas and not TC are frequently associated with autoimmune diseases (ADs), with Myasthenia Gravis being the most common AD present in 30% of patients with thymoma. This comorbidity, in addition to negatively affecting the quality and duration of patients' life, reduces the spectrum of the available therapeutic options...

Background The tumor microenvironment comprises stromal cells, a few immune cells, vascular channels, and an extracellular matrix. The immune cells play a pivotal role in arresting the development of various tumors by identifying and killing the abnormal tumor cells. These immune cells with cytotoxic function include the natural killer (NK) cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes. Human NK cells express the cell surface marker CD57 and can be identified by using monoclonal antibodies. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells are a critical subpopulation of T cells and are important mediators of adaptive immunity...

Cells of the mammalian innate immune system have evolved to protect the host from various environmental or internal insults and injuries which perturb the homeostatic state of the organism. Among the lymphocytes of the innate immune system are natural killer (NK) cells, which circulate and survey host tissues for signs of stress, including infection or transformation. NK cells rapidly eliminate damaged cells in the blood or within tissues through secretion of cytolytic machinery and production of proinflammatory cytokines...

Our understanding of risk factors for the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is still incomplete and includes genetic and environmental factors. CLL is one of the most familial of all cancers, yet common high-penetrance risk alleles have not been identified. Genome-wide association studies have identified many common variants with low relative risks, whereas exome-wide rare variant analysis has implicated ATM in CLL causation. Environmental factors have also been challenging to identify given the limited understanding of the relevant time period of exposure relative to diagnosis, and the inability to quantify past exposures...

The signaling lymphocytic activation molecule (SLAM) family participates in the modulation of various innate and adaptive immune responses. SLAM family (SLAMF) receptors include nine transmembrane glycoproteins, of which SLAMF3 (also known as CD229 or Ly9) has important roles in the modulation of immune responses, from the fundamental activation and suppression of immune cells to the regulation of intricate immune networks. SLAMF3 is mainly expressed in immune cells, such as T, B, and natural killer cells. It has a unique molecular structure, including four immunoglobulin-like domains in the extracellular domain and two immunoreceptor tyrosine-based signaling motifs in the intracellular structural domains...

Lymph nodes (LNs) are organs of the immune system, critical for maintenance of homeostasis and initiation of immune responses, yet there are few models that accurately recapitulate LN functions in vitro. To tackle this issue, an engineered murine LN (eLN) was developed, replicating key cellular components of the mouse LN; incorporating primary murine lymphocytes, fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), and lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs). T and B cells compartments are incorporated within the eLN that mimic LN cortex and paracortex architectures...

Conventional treatments have shown a limited efficacy for pancreatic cancer, and immunotherapy is an emerging option for treatment of this highly fatal malignancy. Neoantigen is critical to improving the efficacy of tumor-specific immunotherapy. The cancer and peripheral blood specimens from human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A0201 positive pancreatic cancer patient were subjected to next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to screen high-affinity and highly stable neoepitopes. The activation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) by the mutBCL2A111-20 neoepitope targeting B-cell lymphoma 2-related protein A1 (BCL2A1) mutant epitope was investigated, and the cytotoxicity of mutBCL2A111-20 neoepitope-specific CTLs to pancreatic cancer cells was evaluated...

INTRODUCTION: Inflammation is a definitive characteristic of carcinogenesis. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an easy and efficient indicator of inflammation and a valuable marker in individuals with malignancies. The present study was performed to ascertain NLR values in salivary samples collected from individuals with oral premalignant disorders (OPMDs) and to assess the prognostic significance of NLR in distinguishing OPMDs from oral malignancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 50 patients histopathologically diagnosed with OPMDs with mild dysplasia...

Bacopa monnieri (L) Wettst, commonly known as Brahmi, stands as a medicinal plant integral to India's traditional medical system, Ayurveda, where it is recognized as a "medhya rasayana"-a botanical entity believed to enhance intellect and mental clarity. Its significant role in numerous Ayurvedic formulations designed to address conditions such as anxiety, memory loss, impaired cognition, and diminished concentration underscores its prominence. Beyond its application in cognitive health, Brahmi has historically been employed in Ayurvedic practices for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis...

BACKGROUND: Cancer immunotherapy including immune checkpoint inhibitors is only effective for a limited population of patients with cancer. Therefore, the development of novel cancer immunotherapy is anticipated. In preliminary studies, we demonstrated that tetracyclines enhanced T-cell responses. Therefore, we herein investigated the efficacy of tetracyclines on antitumor T-cell responses by human peripheral T cells, murine models, and the lung tumor tissues of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with a focus on signaling pathways in T cells...