Ischemic cerebral disease

Objective: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and trend of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease mortality among Xuzhou residents from 2011 to 2015. Methods: The mortality data of the ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease were obtained from the registration disease surveillance system covering the residents of the city from 2011 to 2015. Ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease were identified according to the international classification of diseases (ICD-10), Ischemic heart diseases include I20 to I25 (angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction, certain current complications following acute myocardial infarction, other acute ischemic heart diseases chronic ischemic heart disease); cerebrovascular diseases include I60 to I69 (subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage, other non-traumatic hemorrhage, cerebral infarction, stroke not specified as hemorrhage or infarction, other cerebrovascular diseases, sequelae of cerebrovascular disease)...

The RING finger protein 213 (RNF213) is an important susceptibility gene for moyamoya disease (MMD) and is also implicated in other types of intracranial major artery stenosis/occlusion (ICAS); however, the role of RNF213 in the development of ICAS including MMD is unclear. The constitutive expression of the RNF213 gene is relatively weak in brain tissue, while information regarding the expression patterns of the RNF213 gene under cerebral ischemia, which is one of characteristic pathologies associated with ICAS, is currently limited...

Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) reflects the vasodilatory reserve of cerebral resistance vessels, which is an important marker for assessing cerebrovascular disease. The present study is to investigate whether CVR impairment increases adverse long-term outcome risk of patients with ≥ 50% symptomatic unilateral middle cerebral artery (MCA) stenosis (ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA)). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was used to assess the degree of stenosis, and perfusion CT and 5% CO2 inhalation were adopted to evaluate CVR...

BACKGROUND: Stroke represent one of the most devastating of all neurological diseases, affecting about 15 million people per year and is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and currently the leading cause of adult disability in developed countries. Blood pressure and heart rate may undergo several modifications in patients with both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in fact raised blood pressure levels may lead to cerebral edema, hematoma expansion or hemorrhagic transformation and in contrast low blood pressure can lead to increased cerebral infarction or perihematomal ischemia...

Neuronal apoptotic cell death plays an important role in many neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and ischemic stroke. Spatholobi Caulis (SC) has been widely used in traditional herbal medicine for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, viral infection, and anemia. However, the protective effects of SC extract (SCE) against apoptotic cell death in the brain have not been reported. We investigated the protective effects of SCE against neuronal injury etoposide-induced neurotoxicity and in rats subjected to focal transient ischemic stroke middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 45 min, followed by 7 days of reperfusion...

Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) has been reported to have neuroprotection against ischemic diseases, and one cycle of IPostC induces neurogenesis when treated nearby. To expanding these effects, we explored the effects of repetitively remote IPostC (NRIPostC) on neurogenesis in the subgranular zone (SGZ) and subentricular zone (SVZ) during stroke recovery. Animals underwent transient cerebral ischemia were treated with vehicle or NRIPostC immediately after reperfusion. Neurological severity scores, infarct size, neurogenesis, and protein expression levels of nestin and GFAP were quantified at 3d, 7d, 14d, 21d and 28d post-ischemia...

Platelet activation is involved in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and ischemic stroke. Licochalcone A (LA), an active ingredient of licorice, exhibits multiple biological activities such as anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation. However, its role in platelet activation remains unclear. Therefore, the study investigated the antiplatelet mechanism of LA. Our data revealed that LA (2-10 μM) concentration dependently inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen, but not thrombin and U46619...

AIM: To evaluate the role and efficacy of the balloon angioplasty in intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD) in patients who presented with acute stroke due to vessel occlusion and in patients with symptomatic disease despite optimum medical management. METHODS: From 2013 to 2016, a total of 39 patients (24 males and 15 females with a mean age of 64.5 years) underwent balloon angioplasty over a period of 2 years and 8 months in three different institutions in India...

OBJECTIVES: The clinical approach to acute vestibular syndromes is often complex for the physician. Neurosonology offers a noninvasive method to study the cervicocephalic circulation when a vascular etiology is suspected. We aim to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of a vascular neurosonological exam in isolated acute vestibular syndrome. METHODS: All patients submitted to cerebrovascular ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging during the period between 2011 and 2015 with acute isolated vestibular syndrome...

Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Leonurine (also named SCM-198), a compound extracted from Herba leonuri, was effective on the prevention of various cardiovascular and brain diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible therapeutic potential of SCM-198 against ischemia reperfusion injury and underlying mechanisms. In the in vivo transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) rat model, we found that treatment with SCM-198 could decrease infarct volume and improve neurological deficit by protecting against blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown...

OBJECTIVE Bypass surgery is the most common treatment for moyamoya disease (MMD), but there is controversy over which surgical modality is best. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of patients with MMD after undergoing different surgical modalities. METHODS A series of 696 consecutive MMD patients treated between June 2009 and May 2015 were screened in this prospective cohort study. Patients who did not undergo revascularization surgeries and those who underwent different surgical modalities in bilateral hemispheres were excluded...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Breakdown of BBB integrity occurs in dementia and may lead to neurodegeneration and cognitive decline. We assessed whether extravasation of gadolinium chelate could be visualized on delayed postcontrast FLAIR images in older individuals with and without cognitive impairment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-four individuals participated in this study (15 with Alzheimer disease, 33 with mild cognitive impairment, and 26 with normal cognition)...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mendelian strokes are rare genetic disorders characterized by early-onset small-vessel stroke. Although extensively studied among families with syndromic features, whether these genes affect risk among sporadic cases is unknown. METHODS: We sequenced 8 genes responsible for Mendelian stroke in a case-control study of sporadic stroke cases (≤70 years). Participants included 1251 primary stroke cases of small-vessel pathology (637 intracerebral hemorrhage and 614 small-vessel ischemic stroke cases) and 1716 controls from the INTERSTROKE study (Study of the Importance of Conventional and Emerging Risk Factors of Stroke in Different Regions and Ethnic Groups of the World)...

OBJECTIVE: The purposes of this article are to describe the important role of the medullary arteries in the pathogenesis of cerebral vascular disease and to present a classification of MRI findings of ischemic white matter lesions for use in elucidating pathogenesis. CONCLUSION: From the viewpoint of the anatomy of the medullary arteries, the pattern of medullary artery-related ischemic changes and infarcts can be classified into four types: 1, ischemic leukoaraiosis; 2, infarcts involving individual medullary arteries; 3, watershed infarcts; and 4, territorial infarcts...

Activation of the angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R) by administration of Compound 21 (C21), a selective AT2R agonist, induces neuroprotection in models of ischemic stroke in young adult animals. The mechanisms of this neuroprotective action are varied, and may include direct and indirect effects of AT2R activation. Our objectives were to assess the long-term protective effects of post-stroke C21 treatments in a clinically-relevant model of stroke in aged rats and to characterize the cellular localization of AT2Rs in the mouse brain of transgenic reporter mice following stroke...

High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) has multiple functions, including the maintenance of nucleosomes and the regulation of gene transcription. HMGB1 is released from activated macrophages, resulting in the induction of inflammatory cytokines. Recently, much research about the role of HMGB1 in cerebrovascular disease (CVD) has been reported. In an animal model, HMGB1 neutralization ameliorates brain infarction, there is an early release of HMGB1 from neurons, and HMGB1 antibody attenuates delayed cerebral vasospasm in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage...

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most frequent type of dementia, is a prototypical neurodegenerative disease, but shares with stroke certain common risk factors. Consequently, how vascular pathology may modulate AD pathogenesis has gained scientific attention. Therefore, aside from typical features of AD (e.g., amyloid-β, tau hyperphosphorylation, and cholinergic dysfunction), changes within the 'neurovascular unit' (NVU) are of particular interest. This study focused on cholinergic, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunopositive, and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-containing neurons in association with the vasculature to explore the neurovascular complex of the AD brain affected by stroke...

The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest white matter structure in the brain, consisting of more than 200-250 million axons that provide a large connection mainly between homologous cerebral cortical areas in mirror image sites. The posterior end of the CC is the thickest part, which is called the splenium. Various diseases including congenital to acquired lesions including congenital anomalies, traumatic lesions, ischemic diseases, tumors, metabolic, toxic, degenerative, and demyelinating diseases, can involve the splenium of the CC and their clinical symptoms and signs are also variable...

AIM: To study clinical and neuroimaging signs of cardioembolic stroke (CES) in children. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ten children (mean age 3.5±3.5 years) were examined. Eight children met the diagnostic criteria of CES CASCADE, two children were diagnosed with CES based on the complex of symptoms. A comparison group consisted of 90 children with other subtypes of ischemic stroke (IS). The diagnosis was confirmed by MRI and magnetic-resonance angiography; symptom severity was assessed with PedNIHSS and PSOM...

Stroke is an acute cerebral vascular disease, which is likely to cause long-term disabilities and death. Acute ischemic lesions occur in most stroke patients. These lesions are treatable under accurate diagnosis and treatments. Although diffusion-weighted MR imaging (DWI) is sensitive to these lesions, localizing and quantifying them manually is costly and challenging for clinicians. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to automatically segment stroke lesions in DWI. Our framework consists of two convolutional neural networks (CNNs): one is an ensemble of two DeconvNets (Noh et al...