Taurine AND NAD

SCOPE: The identification of novel therapeutic agents capable of modulating lipid metabolism holds a promising potential in combating obesity and its associated complications. This study is conducted to evaluate the lipid lowering effect of dietary taurine administration on high-fat fed C57BL6 mice and to study the mechanism by which taurine impacts lipid metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS: C57BL6 mice are grouped into four (n = 6): i) normal diet (ND), ii) a high-fat diet (HFD), iii) HFD + orlistat (STD), iv) HFD + taurine (TAU) group for 12 weeks...

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) has attracted interest because of its association with cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and evidence for the beneficial effects of TMAO is accumulating. This study investigates the role of TMAO in improving exercise performance and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms. Using C2C12 cells, we established an oxidative stress model and administered TMAO treatment. Our results indicate that TMAO significantly protects myoblasts from oxidative stress-induced damage by increasing the expression of Nrf2, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NQO1), and catalase (CAT)...

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD) plays a central role in the master circadian clock of the brain (the suprachiasmatic nuclei, SCN) as demonstrated in many model organisms. NAD acts as an enzyme co-factor and substrate and its modulation was found to be tightly regulated to the periodicity of the cycles. However, in human brain, the effect of the circadian rhythm (CR) on the metabolism of the SCN and other brain regions is poorly understood. We conducted a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study at a high magnetic field, measuring the occipital brain NAD levels and other metabolites in two different morning and afternoon diurnal states in 25 healthy participants...

The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify the metabolites (metabolome analysis) of the pectoralis major muscle in male red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens) selected for growth traits. A selection index was developed for females [body weight (BW), chest circumference (CC), and thigh circumference (TC)] and males [BW, CC, TC, semen volume, and sperm concentration] in order to divide the animals into 2 experimental groups: selection group with a higher index (TinamouS) and commercial group with a lower index (TinamouC)...

The obligately anaerobic sulfite-reducing bacterium Bilophila wadsworthia is a common human pathobiont inhabiting the distal intestinal tract. It has a unique ability to utilize a diverse range of food- and host-derived sulfonates to generate sulfite as terminal electron acceptor (TEA) for anaerobic respiration, converting the sulfonate sulfur to H2 S, implicated in inflammatory conditions and colon cancer. The biochemical pathways involved in the metabolism of the C2 sulfonates isethionate and taurine by B...

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) exhibit anticancer activity in cellular and animal models of colon cancer. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the three major SCFAs produced from dietary fiber by gut microbiota fermentation and have beneficial effects on human health. Most previous studies on the antitumor mechanisms of SCFAs have focused on specific metabolites or genes involved in antitumor pathways, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis. In this study, we performed a systematic and unbiased analysis of the effects of acetate, propionate, and butyrate on ROS levels and metabolic and transcriptomic signatures at physiological concentrations in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells...

Ribavirin is a common antiviral drug, especially for patients with hepatitis C. Our recent studies demonstrated that ribavirin showed anti-tumor activity in colorectal cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma, but its effects on lung cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of ribavirin against lung cancer and elucidate the underlying mechanism. We established orthotopic mouse model of lung cancer (LLC and GLC-82) and employed an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based metabolomics approach...

Prevention and control of diseases and delaying the signs of ageing are nowadays one of the major goals of biomedicine. Sirtuins, a family of NAD+ dependent deacylase enzymes, could be pivotal targets of novel preventive and therapeutic strategies to achieve such aims. SIRT1 activating and inhibiting compounds, such as polyphenols and bioactive peptides, have been proposed to be involved in the development of many human diseases. The objective of this work was to assess and compare the antioxidant and SIRT1 modulation activities of enzymatic protein hydrolysates (EPHs) from a wide number of algae species (24 commercial samples and 12 samples harvested off the Atlantic coast of northern Spain)...

Sparassis latifolia is a valuable edible mushroom, growing on fresh pine wood sawdust substrate. However, the mechanistic bases are poorly understood. The gene expression profiles of S. latifolia were analyzed from submerged cultures with fresh pine wood sawdust substrate for different time (0 h, 1 h, 6 h, 1 day, 5 days, and 10 days, respectively). The total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) identified under pine sawdust inducing was 2,659 compared to 0 h (CK). And 1,073, 520, 385, 424, and 257 DEGs were identified at the five time points, respectively...

In many experimental studies, pharmacological levels of taurine have been used to study physiological functions of taurine. However, this approach is unlikely to be fruitful, as pharmacological administration increases extracellular taurine, while physiological actions of taurine require alterations in intracellular taurine. Recognizing that different mechanisms might underlie the pharmacological and physiological actions of taurine, cardiac properties before and after exposure to various extracellular or intracellular concentrations of taurine were examined...

Although various body fluid biomarkers for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been reported, no biomarkers specifically reflecting abnormalities in axonal excitability indices have currently been established. Capillary electrophoresis time-of-flight mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry were used to perform a comprehensive metabolome analysis of plasma from seven ALS patients and 20 controls, and correlation analysis with disease phenotypes was then performed in 22 other ALS patients...

STUDY QUESTION: Are taurine and its transporter TAUT associated with spermiogenesis and early embryo development? SUMMARY ANSWER: Morphologically abnormal spermatozoa increased after local functional interference by intratesticular injection, and taurine depletion significantly reduced the normal embryo numbers in vivo and blastocyst formation rate in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in the male reproductive system and it has been demonstrated that taurine can efficiently improve spermatogenic function in rat models of testicular injury...

Utilizing a mobile laboratory located >300 km away from wildfire smoke (WFS) sources, this study examined the systemic immune response profile, with a focus on neuroinflammatory and neurometabolomic consequences, resulting from inhalation exposure to naturally occurring wildfires in California, Arizona, and Washington in 2020. After a 20-day (4 h/day) exposure period in a mobile laboratory stationed in New Mexico, WFS-derived particulate matter (WFPM) inhalation resulted in significant neuroinflammation while immune activity in the peripheral (lung, bone marrow) appeared to be resolved in C57BL/6 mice...

Excessive exposure to solar light, especially its UV component, is a principal cause of photoaging, dermatitis, and photocarcinogenesis. In searching for candidate substances that can effectively protect the skin from photodamage, the present study was conducted with taurine chloramine (TauCl), formed from taurine in phagocytes recruited to inflamed tissue. Irradiation with ultraviolet B (UVB) of 180 mJ/cm2 intensity caused oxidative damage and apoptotic cell death in the murine epidermis. These events were blunted by topically applied TauCl, as evidenced by the lower level of 4-hydroxynonenal-modified protein, reduced proportions of TUNEL-positive epidermal cells, and suppression of caspase-3 cleavage...

Taurine chloramine (TauCl) is an endogenous anti-inflammatory substance which is derived from taurine, a semi-essential sulfur-containing β-amino acid found in some foods including meat, fish, eggs and milk. In general, TauCl as well as its parent compound taurine downregulates production of tissue-damaging proinflammatory mediators, such as chemokines and cytokines in many different types of cells. In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of TauCl on experimentally induced colon inflammation...

Our previous study revealed that fish oil (FO) pre-treatment could improve the lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced depressive-like behavior in mice but did not alter the expression of stress hormones associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. The exact mechanisms underlying the protective effects of FO remain elusive. Here we applied the metabolomic technique to investigate the potential involvement of FO metabolites in ameliorating depressive-like behaviors in LPS-injected mice. It revealed that LPS-injection stimulated systemic inflammation, exhausted the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) level in the brain, decreased energy metabolism and impaired neuronal function, which collectively contributed to depressive-like behaviors in mice...

Diabetes predisposes to cognitive decline leading to dementia and is associated with decreased brain NAD+ levels. This has triggered an intense interest in boosting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) levels to prevent dementia. We tested if the administration of the precursor of NAD+ , nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), can prevent diabetes-induced memory deficits. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ). After 3 months of diabetes, hippocampal NAD+ levels were decreased ( p = 0...

Taurine is one of the most abundant amino acids in mammalian tissues. It is obtained from the diet and by de novo synthesis, from cysteic acid or hypotaurine. Despite the discovery in 1954 that the oxygenation of hypotaurine produces taurine, the identification of an enzyme catalyzing this reaction has remained elusive. In large part this is due to the incorrect assignment, in 1962, of the enzyme as an NAD-dependent hypotaurine dehydrogenase. For more than 55 years the literature has continued to refer to this enzyme as such...

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is an epidemic disease with increased incidence annually. It has been reported that taurine can improve cardiac function. This study investigated the cardioprotective effects of taurine in pressure-loaded HF mice and elucidated the possible mechanism. METHODS: HF models were established by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Animals were treated with either taurine for 9 weeks and/or the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 (5 mg/kg/day, every 2days) after TAC operation...

1. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of dietary taurine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality and antioxidant responses in breast muscle of broiler chickens.2. A total of 72 Arbor Acres broiler chickens (28-day-old) with similar body weight were randomly allocated into two groups, and fed either 0 g/kg (control; C) or 5 g/kg taurine-supplemented diets (TS) for 14 days.3. The results showed that TS had no effect on growth performance or chemical composition of breast muscle in broilers...