Cadmium plant

Cadmium (Cd) is a widely distributed pollutant that adversely affects plants' metabolism and productivity. Phytohormones play a vital role in the acclimation of plants to metal stress. On the other hand, phytohormones trigger systemic resistances, including systemic acquired resistance (SAR) and induced systemic resistance (ISR), in plants in response to biotic interactions. The present study aimed to investigate the possible induction of SAR and ISR pathways in relation to the hormonal alteration of barley seedlings in response to Cd stress...

This study investigated the influence of cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) heavy metals on germination, metabolism, and growth of zucchini seedlings (Cucurbita pepo L.). Zucchini seeds were subjected to two concentrations (100 and 200 μM) of CdCl2 and CuCl2 . Germination parameters, biochemical and phytochemical attributes of embryonic axes were assessed. Results revealed that germination rate remained unaffected by heavy metals (Cd, Cu). However, seed vigor index (SVI) notably decreased under Cd and Cu exposure...

BACKGROUND: Cadmium (Cd) is a hazardous heavy metal that adversely affects the vital body organs particularly liver. Eriocitrin (ERCN) is a plant-based flavonoid that is well-known for its wide range of pharmacological potential. This research trial was aimed to determine the ameliorative potential of ERCN against Cd provoked hepatotoxicity in rats. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four rats (Rattus norvegicus) were apportioned into control, Cd treated (5 mg/kg), Cd (5 mg/kg) + ERCN (25 mg/kg) and only ERCN (25 mg/kg) administrated group...

Reducing the accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and mitigating its toxicity are pivotal strategies for addressing Cd pollution's threats to agriculture and human health. Hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) serves as a signaling molecule, playing a crucial role in plant stress defense mechanisms. Nevertheless, a comprehensive assessment of the impact of exogenous H2 S on plant growth, antioxidant properties, and gene expression under Cd stress remains lacking. In this meta-analysis, we synthesized 575 observations from 27 articles, revealing that exogenous H2 S significantly alleviates Cd-induced growth inhibition in plants...

Foliar application of beneficial nanoparticles (NPs) exhibits potential in reducing cadmium (Cd) uptake in crops, necessitating a systematic understanding of their leaf-root-microorganism process for sustainable development of efficient nano-enabled agrochemicals. Herein, wheat grown in Cd-contaminated soil (5.23 mg/kg) was sprayed with different rates of four commonly used NPs, including nano selenium (SeNPs)/silica (SiO2 NPs)/zinc oxide/manganese dioxide. SeNPs and SiO2 NPs most effectively reduced the Cd concentration in wheat grains...

The rapid increase in soil acidity coupled with the deleterious effects of cadmium (Cd) toxicity had led to a decline in worldwide agricultural production. Rice absorbs and accumulates Cd(II) from polluted paddy soils, increasing human health risks throughout the food chain. A 35-day hydroponic experiment with four japonica and four indica (two each of them tolerant and sensitive cultivars) was conducted in this study to investigate the adsorption and absorption of Cd(II) by rice roots as related with surface chemical properties of the roots...

The root dielectric response was measured on a minute scale to assess its efficiency for monitoring short-term cadmium (Cd) toxicity non-destructively. Electrical capacitance (CR ), dissipation factor (DR ) and electrical conductance (GR ) were detected during the 24 to 168 h after Cd treatment (0, 20, 50 mg Cd2+ kg-1 substrate) in potted maize, cucumber and pea. Stress was also evaluated by measuring leaf chlorophyll content, Fv /Fm and stomatal conductance (gs ) in situ, and shoot and root mass and total root length after harvest...

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects plants from abiotic stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage. Here, the effects of cadmium (Cd) exposure on ROS accumulation and SOD isozymes, as well as the identification of significant SOD isozyme genes, were investigated under different Cd stress treatments to Zhe-Maidong ( Ophiopogon japonicus ). The exposure to Cd stress resulted in a notable elevation in the SOD activity in roots. Cu/ZnSODa and Cu/ZnSODb were the most critical SOD isozymes in response to Cd stress, as indicated by the detection results for SOD isozymes...

This study delved into the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the mitigation of cadmium (Cd) stress in the model medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza through the application of ZnO quantum dots (ZnO QDs, 3.84 nm). A pot experiment was conducted, wherein S. miltiorrhiza was subjected to Cd stress for six weeks with foliar application of 100 mg/L ZnO QDs. Physiological analyses demonstrated that compared to Cd stress alone, ZnO QDs improved biomass, reduced Cd accumulation, increased the content of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and enhanced the levels of essential nutrient elements (Ca, Mn, and Cu) under Cd stress...

PREMISE: The origin of diversity is a fundamental biological question. Gene duplications are one mechanism that provides raw material for the emergence of novel traits, but evolutionary outcomes depend on which genes are retained and how they become functionalized. Yet, following different duplication types (polyploidy and tandem duplication), the events driving gene retention and functionalization remain poorly understood. Here we used Cakile maritima, a species that is tolerant to salt and heavy metals and shares an ancient whole-genome triplication with closely related salt-sensitive mustard crops (Brassica), as a model to explore the evolution of abiotic stress tolerance following polyploidy...

Antimony (Sb) pollution poses a noteworthy risk to human health and ecosystem sustainability, therefore effective, eco-friendly, and widely accepted restoration methods are urgently needed. This study introduces a new approach of using La(III) foliar application on Solanum nigrum L. (S. nigrum), a cadmium hyperaccumulator, to improve its photosynthetic and root systems under Sb stress, resulting in a higher biomass. Notably, La(III) also enhances endocytosis in root cells, facilitating efficient and non-selective remediation of both Sb(III) and Sb(V) forms...

Copper resistance in phytopathogens is a major challenge to crop production globally and is known to be driven by excessive use of copper-based pesticides. However, recent studies have shown co-selection of multiple heavy metal and antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria exposed to heavy metal and xenobiotics, which may impact the epidemiology of plant, animal, and human diseases. In this study, multi-resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics were evaluated in local Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) and co-isolated Xanthomonas melonis (Xmel) strains from infected crucifer plants in Trinidad...

S. plumbizincicola genetic transformation was optimized using a self-excision molecular-assisted transformation system by integrating the SpGRF4/SpGIF1 gene with XVE and Cre/loxP. Sedum plumbizincicola, despite being an excellent hyperaccumulator of cadmium and zinc with significant potential for soil pollution phytoremediation on farmland, has nonetheless trailed behind other major model plants in genetic transformation technology. In this study, different explants and SpGRF4-SpGIF1 genes were used to optimize the genetic transformation of S...

The mining of metal minerals generates considerable mining wasteland areas, which are characterized by poor soil properties that hinder plant growth. In this study, a field plot experiment was carried out in the mining wasteland of the Lanping lead-zinc mine in Yunnan Province to study the effects of applying three organic materials-biochar (B), organic fertilizer (OF), and sludge (S)-at concentrations of 1% (mass fraction), on promoting the soil of mining wasteland and the growth of two plant varieties ( Huolieniao and Yingshanhong )...

One of the most concerning global environmental issues is the pollution of agricultural soils by heavy metals (HMs), especially cadmium, which not only affects human health through Cd-containing foods but also impacts the quality of rice. The soil's nitrification and denitrification processes, coupled with the release of volatile organic compounds by plants, raise substantial concerns. In this review, we summarize the recent literature related to the deleterious effects of Cd on both soil processes related to the N cycle and rice quality, particularly aroma, in different water management practices...

Cadmium, a highly toxic heavy metal, can cause severe damage to several vital organs including the kidney, liver, and brain. Many of the natural compounds found in aromatic plants have beneficial pharmacological properties. Eugenol is one such compound reported to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to investigate whether eugenol, a natural compound found in aromatic plants known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, can mitigate the detrimental effects of cadmium exposure on cardiac inflammation, oxidative stress, and dyslipidemia...

Heavy metal (HM) poisoning of agricultural soils poses a serious risk to plant life, human health, and global food supply. When HM levels in agricultural soils get to dangerous levels, it harms crop health and yield. Chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) are the main heavy metals. The environment contains these metals in varying degrees, such as in soil, food, water, and even the air. These substances damage plants and alter soil characteristics, which lowers crop yield...

The current study aimed to investigate the impact of silicon (Si) supplementation in the form of Na2 SiO3 on the metabolome of peas under normal conditions and following exposure to cadmium (Cd) stress. Si is known for its ability to enhance stress tolerance in various plant species, including the mitigation of heavy metal toxicity. Cd, a significant contaminant, poses risks to both human health and the environment. The study focused on analyzing the levels of bioactive compounds in different plant parts, including the shoot, root, and pod, to understand the influence of Si supplementation on their biosynthesis...

The expression of R2R3-MYB transcription factor PeRAX2 increased transiently upon CdCl2 exposure (100 μM, 48h) in leaves and roots of Populus euphratica. We observed that overexpression of PeRAX2 increased Cd2+ concentration in Arabidopsis root cells and Cd2+ amount in whole plant, which was due to the increased Cd2+ influx into root tips. However, the Cd2+ influx facilitated by PeRAX2 overexpression was substantially reduced by LaCl3 (an inhibitor of Ca2+ -channels), suggesting that PeRAX2 could promote the Cd2+ entering through PM Ca2+ -permeable channels (CaPCs) in the roots...

Elevated levels of cadmium (Cd) have the ability to impede plant development. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) have been demonstrated in a number of plant species to improve tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses by scavenging cytotoxic aldehydes; however, only a few AKRs have been identified to improve Cd tolerance. The OsAKR1 gene was extracted and identified from rice here. After being exposed to Cd, the expression of OsAKR1 dramatically rose in both roots and shoots, although more pronounced in roots. According to a subcellular localization experiment, the nucleus and cytoplasm are where OsAKR1 is primarily found...