Melanoma treatment

INTROUDCTION: There is increased risk of skin cancer in patients with gloermular disease or those with renal transplant. OBJECTIVES: To compare the risk of skin cancer between kidney recipients (KTRs) and patients with glomerular disease (GD). DESIGN: The cohort comprised patients with KTRs (n = 61) and GD (n = 51) in Central and Central West Queensland, Australia. A quantitative cohort study was undertaken to study the risk of skin cancer in rural communities between two subgroups of patients with kidney diseases in relationship to immunosuppression...

Background: Neoantigen nanovaccine has been recognized as a promising treatment modality for personalized cancer immunotherapy. However, most current nanovaccines are carrier-dependent and the manufacturing process is complicated, resulting in potential safety concerns and suboptimal codelivery of neoantigens and adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Methods: Here we report a facile and general methodology for nanoassembly of peptide and oligonucleotide by programming neoantigen peptide with a short cationic module at N-terminus to prepare nanovaccine...

Background: Hypofractionated radiotherapy (hRT) can induce a T cell-mediated abscopal effect on non-irradiated tumor lesions, especially in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). However, clinically, this effect is still rare, and ICB-mediated adverse events are common. Lenalidomide (lena) is an anti-angiogenic and immunomodulatory drug used in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. We here investigated in solid tumor models whether lena can enhance the abscopal effect in double combination with hRT...

Despite significant advances in the development and refinement of immunotherapies administered to combat cancer over the past decades, a number of barriers continue to limit their efficacy. One significant clinical barrier is the inability to mount initial immune responses towards the tumor. As dendritic cells are central initiators of immune responses in the body, the elucidation of mechanisms that can be therapeutically leveraged to enhance their functions to drive anti-tumor immune responses is urgently needed...

OBJECTIVE: To construct nomogram models to predict the risk factors for early death in patients with metastatic melanoma (MM). METHODS: The study covered 2138 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database and all these patients were diagnosed with MM between 2010 and 2015. Logistic regression was performed to identify independent risk factors affecting early death in MM patients. These risk factors were then used to construct nomograms of all-cause early death and cancer-specific early death...

INTRODUCTION: Uveal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults, affecting primarily the choroid of the eye. Plaque brachytherapy is the most common procedure for the treatment of small choroidal melanoma, especially in posteriorly located tumors. However, modern radiotherapy techniques, such as CyberKnife or Gamma knife stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and proton beam radiotherapy, have shown better results in tumor control and eye retention. Recent studies have indicated that SRS is a promising non-invasive, single-session treatment option, with most studies reporting the best outcomes when using ≥21-22 Gy...

Melanoma of the dog and cat poses a clinical challenge to veterinary practitioners across the globe. As knowledge evolves, so too do clinical practices. However, there remain uncertainties and controversies. There is value for the veterinary community at large in the generation of a contemporary wide-ranging guideline document. The aim of this project was therefore to assimilate the available published knowledge into a single accessible referenced resource and to provide expert clinical guidance to support professional colleagues as they navigate current melanoma challenges and controversies...

Skin hyperpigmentation is a worldwide condition associated with augmented melanogenesis. However, conventional therapies often entail various adverse effects. Here, we explore the safety range and depigmentary effects of polysaccharides extract of Tricholoma matsutake (PETM) in an in vitro model and further evaluated its efficacy at the clinical level. An induced-melanogenesis model was established by treating B16-F10 melanoma cells with 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP). Effects of PETM on cell viability and melanin content were examined and compared to a commonly used depigmentary agent, α-arbutin...

Uveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary tumor in adult human eyes. Costimulatory molecules (CMs) are important in maintaining T cell biological functions and regulating immune responses. To investigate the role of CMs in UVM and exploit prognostic signature by bioinformatics analysis. This study aimed to identify and validate a CMs associated signature and investigate its role in the progression and prognosis of UVM. The expression profile data of training cohort and validation cohort were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) dataset...

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has emerged as a useful approach for tumor treatment. However, its widespread application is impeded by poor pharmacokinetics of existing sonosensitizers. Here we developed a metal-organic nanoplatform, wherein a small-molecule sonosensitizer (hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether, HMME) was ingeniously coordinated with zirconium, resulting in a multifunctional nanosonosensitizer termed Zr-HMME. Through post-synthetic modifications involving PEGylation and tumor-targeting peptide (F3) linkage, a nanoplatform capable of homing on melanoma was produced, which could elicit robust immune responses to suppress tumor lung metastasis in the host organism...

BACKGROUND: Intratumorally delivered immunotherapies have the potential to favorably alter the local tumor microenvironment and may stimulate systemic host immunity, offering an alternative or adjunct to other local and systemic treatments. Despite their potential, these therapies have had limited success in late-phase trials for advanced cancer resulting in few formal approvals. The Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a panel of experts to determine how to design clinical trials with the greatest chance of demonstrating the benefits of intratumoral immunotherapy for patients with cancers across all stages of pathogenesis...

Uveal Melanoma (UM) is a rare disease, yet it is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adult patients. Despite continuous advancements and research, the risk of metastasis remains high. It is possible to stratify patients according to their risk of metastases using a variety of known risk factors. Even though there is no gold standard for the prognostication of patients with uveal melanoma, it is becoming increasingly clear that combining histo-pathological, patient-related and molecular prognostic markers allows a more accurate prediction of the metastatic risk than by using one parameter...

BACKGROUND: Acral melanoma is a subtype with worse outcomes. The Breslow micrometric measurement is the most critical parameter in planning treatment and predicting outcomes. However, for acral lentiginous melanoma, the value of the Breslow thickness is a matter of debate. Depth of Invasion (DOI) is a well-established measure for staging oral squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: This study compared DOI and Breslow thickness for predicting acral melanoma outcomes...

Pseudoprogression encapsulates a process of temporary radiographic growth followed by subsequent regression of metastatic melanoma lesions in response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), such as the combination of anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and anticytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 therapy. This occurs in approximately 5-10% of ICB-treated patients, but has not yet been described in the context of novel combination therapies. Here, we report a case of an 89-year-old patient with metastatic melanoma to the liver, lung and lymph nodes, who underwent treatment with Opdualag (combining anti-PD-1 nivolumab and anti-lymphocyte-activation gene 3 relatlimab ICBs), and developed pseudoprogression after two cycles of therapy...

We report the case of an 81-year-old patient with no pre-existing medical conditions who presented with a one-week history of progressive horizontal diplopia. Contrast-enhanced brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a heterogeneous sellar mass with the infiltration of the cavernous sinus and sella. Hormone levels were within normal limits. Considering an endocrine inactive pituitary adenoma, the patient underwent transsphenoidal resection. After surgery, the preoperative symptoms completely resolved. Histopathologic examination of the tumor specimen revealed melanoma...

Malignant melanoma with brain metastasis has a high mortality rate. New approaches for diagnosis and treatment are urgently required to improve prognosis. Here we present a 60-year-old male with metastatic melanoma to the brain. Using a transcriptomics pipeline, we analyzed whole blood and resected tumor tissue, identifying enriched gene expression biomarkers and pathways - including seven upregulated ( BRAF, CDK4, EIF1AX, IK, NRAS, PIK3R2, and TP53) and 11 downregulated (CASP8, CDK10, CDKN2A, CTLA4, GNA11, HERC2, IRF4, MC1R, PLA2G6, RREB1, and TPCN2) genes in the blood (across 15 pathways), showing 14% enrichment, and 16 upregulated (CCND1, CDK4, CTLA4, EIF1AX, IK, IRF4, MITF, NRAS, PIK3CB, PIK3R2, PMEL, RREB1, SLC45A2, SOX10, TYR, and TYRP1) and three downregulated ( GNA11, KITLG, and PLA2G6) genes in tissue (across 17 pathways), showing 33% enrichment, with five shared markers and 12 shared pathways...

Radiology has seen tremendous evolution in the last few decades. At the same time, oncology has made great strides in diagnosing and treating cancer. Distant metastases of neoplasms are being encountered more often in light of longer patient survival due to better therapeutic strategies and diagnostic methods. Brain metastasis (BM) is a dismal manifestation of systemic cancer. In the present scenario, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are playing a big role in providing molecular information about cancer...

About 10 million people are diagnosed with cancer each year. Globally, it is the second leading cause of death after heart disease, and by 2035, the death toll could reach 14.6 million. Several drugs and treatments are available to treat cancer, but survival rates remain low. Many studies in recent years have shown that plant-derived monoterpenes, particularly geraniol and citral, are effective against various cancers, including breast, liver, melanoma, endometrial, colon, prostate, and skin cancers. This trend has opened new possibilities for the development of new therapeutics or adjuvants in the field of cancer therapy...

Melanoma has the highest propensity among solid tumors to metastasize to the brain. Melanoma brain metastases (MBM) are a leading cause of death in melanoma and affect 40-60% of patients with late-stage disease. Therefore, uncovering the molecular mechanisms behind MBM is necessary to enhance therapeutic interventions. Vascular mimicry (VM) is a form of neovascularization linked to invasion, increased risk of metastasis, and poor prognosis in many tumor types, but its significance in MBM remains poorly understood...

BACKGROUND: Sinonasal Mucosal Melanoma (SNMM) is a rare but aggressive disease. Surgery with free margins, when feasible, is the treatment of choice. In the last three decades, electrochemotherapy (ECT) has emerged as a local ablative procedure, performed with the Cliniporator, for cutaneous and mucosal tumours of different histology. We present a case report of an ECT treatment performed by means of a new endoscopic electrode, on an elderly patient affected by primary SNMM. METHODS: An 88-year-old man with a diagnosis of SNMM (cT4aN0M0)-Stage IV, of the left nasal fossa presented at our institution...