Neonata

BACKGROUND: Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) is a herbal product obtained from the tropical tree family 'Rubiaceae'. Kratom is available without prescription in several formulations. The active component mitragynine acts in high dose as a mu-opioid agonist. It is misconceived to be a safe alternative to conventional opioid drugs for the treatment of chronic pain. Therefore, maternal use of Kratom is not without risks as opioid use during pregnancy is associated with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS)...

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The monotypic genus Neopalpa was described in 1998 by Czech entomologist Dalibor Povolný based on two male specimens from Santa Catalina Island, California, which he named Neopalpa neonata . The female of this species was discovered recently based on a DNA barcode match and is described. In addition, a new species with marked differences in morphology and DNA barcodes from southern California and Baja California Mexico is described as Neopalpa donaldtrumpi sp. n. Adults and genitalia of both species are illustrated, new diagnosis for the genus Neopalpa is provided, and its position within Gelechiidae is briefly discussed...

A study of 100 neonates with clinical suspicion of septicemia, admitted in neonatal intensive care unit of SCSM General Hospital, Solapur was carried out to assess the utility of various indices of sepsis screen. Bacterial and hematological profile of these neonataes was studied. Parameters of sepsis screen such as leukocyte count, band form to neutrophil ratio, neutrophils with toxic granulations, micro ESR and test for C-reactive protein were analysed to know their sensitivity and specificity.

OBJECTIVE: To define the individual neonatal response to the artificial surfactant, Exosurf, and factors that may influence the response. METHODOLOGY: Eighty-two consecutive, preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome, who received Exosurf at < 12 h of age were studied. Their response was categorized from the graphical change in the oxygenation index with postnatal age, for 12 h after each of two doses of surfactant and assessed independently by two observers...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The use of antimicrobial drugs was studied among 933 randomly selected infants and children who were hospitalized in 20 short-stay general hospitals in Pennsylvania. Twenty-two percent of pediatric patients received antimicrobial drugs: 5% of neonates and 57% of patients aged 12 to 18 months. Sixty-eight percent of the 265 antimicrobial courses administered to these children consisted of a penicillin or a penicillin analogue. Ampicillin was the single drug most frequently administered and was given in 32% of all courses...

Cord and newborn sera were found to possess a significantly decreased in vitro bactericidal activity to E. coli as compared to sera of adults. Hyperbilirubinaemia in neonataes suffering from both Rh and ABO incompatibility results in a further significant impairment of bactericidal activity of their sera in comparison to healthy newborn infants. Exchange transfusion considerably improved this serum antibacterial activity. The possible mechanism of toxic action of unconjugated bilirubin on the cells of the immune system is discussed...

Immunological tolerance to Gross virus-specific transplantation antigens in rats given neonatae transfer of donor lymphoid cells beneath the kidney capsule of syngeneic recipient rats. Immune or normal donor cells invariably developed a cell-mediated immune reaction in kidneys of GV-tolerant recipients, presumably against GV antigens present on the surface of recipient lymphoid cells in the kidney. Spleen and lymph node cells from tolerant rats failed to develop a reaction in tolerant recipients, but developed a strong reaction to histoincompatible antigens in the kidneys of semisyngeneic tolerant rats...

The intravenous injection of as few as 15 Walker tumour cells into newborn rats consistently resulted in the development of pulmonary metastases and the death of the recipient within 2 weeks. Neither the outcome of tumour cell injection nor the interval until death could be modified by transferring 2 x 10(7) lymphocytes from tumour-immune adult rats to the neonataal hosts. In contrast with this failure to transfer adoptive anti-tumour immune responses to intact recipients, the administration of 350 rad irradiation before transfer of 10(6) immune lymphocytes constantly afforded protection against inoculated tumour cells...