Ultrasound vessels

INTRODUCTION: Vasa previa (VP), defined as unprotected fetal vessels traversing the membranes over the cervix, is associated with a high perinatal mortality when undiagnosed prenatally. Conversely, prenatal diagnosis with ultrasound and cesarean delivery before the membranes rupture is associated with excellent outcomes. However, controversy exists regarding screening for VP. In the UK, routine screening for VP is not recommended. The objective of this study was to report the incidence of VP and our experience in the detection of VP with a universal screening protocol at the time of the second-trimester fetal anomaly scan with third-trimester confirmation in an unselected population of pregnancies...

BACKGROUND: This research investigates the correlation between the severity of internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis and retinal parameters in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), aiming to uncover potential risk factors. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 68 patients (136 eyes) diagnosed with bilateral PDR from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2021, was conducted. Carotid artery stenosis (CAS) was assessed using neck computed tomography angiography (CTA) and carotid duplex ultrasound (CDUS), with stenosis classified into two groups: normal (group 1) and mild or above (group 2), based on the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) criteria...

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To investigate a correlation between cervical ripening, the immunological features and the hemodynamic characteristics of the cervix during the preparation for vaginal labor. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: We examined 75 pregnant women at different gestational age. General clinical and immunological studies were conducted in order to check serum concentration of cytokines IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. Ultrasound and Doppler study were used to determine resistance index and systolic-diastolic ratio of blood flow in the common uterine artery as well as the descending and ascending parts and cervical stromal arteries...

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OBJECTIVE: Endovascular repair of chronic dissecting aortoiliac aneurysms is challenging given the rigid septum, compressed true lumen (TL), and target vessels frequently originating in the false lumen. We have used transcatheter electrosurgical aortic septotomy (TEAS) before stent graft implantation under intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and fusion guidance. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcomes of TEAS during complex endovascular repair of dissecting aneurysms. METHODS: From 2021 to 2023, 17 patients underwent TEAS...

Hematochezia due to recurrent bleeding from rectal Dieulafoy can be challenging for endotherapy. We report the first case of successful endoscopic ultrasound-guided coil embolization of a feeding arteriole to the peripheral Dieulafoy vessels in the region of a colorectal anastomosis. The patient presented with recurrent lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage despite multiple previous conventional endoscopic treatment modalities.

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasonographic imaging plays a primary role to detect fibrotic changes in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). To enhance detectability of fibrosis in its early stage, we developed a novel stacked microvascular imaging (SMVI) that enables continuous visualization of fibrotic changes in intrahepatic vessels. METHODS: SMVI was produced by accumulating 3-5 seconds of high-definition color images in tilted-scan mode. An SMVI score was devised by quantitating three hallmark vascular changes in liver fibrosis in 0-2 grades (total 0-6): narrowing, caliber irregularity, and tortuosity...

Locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC) involving the lateral pelvic sidewall requires a complex approach to maximize the likelihood of R0 resection, which is the only predictor of survival. The purpose of this report is to describe a novel technique to resect a localized lateral pelvic sidewall LRRC. A 63-year-old male patient was referred for a 15-mm LRRC near the right internal iliac vessels. Endoscopic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging excluded any involvement of the pelvic colon or residual rectum...

OBJECTIVE: The measurement of the right and left axillary arteries and aortic arch and their vessels by multi-row spiral CT angiography provides the basis for clinical catheter selection and depth for axillary artery placement. This study reported the clinical experience of 7 patients who successfully underwent ultrasound-guided percutaneous axillary artery cannulation for veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). METHODS: Patients who had CT angiography of the thoracic aorta at our institution between January 2020 and March 2022 were assessed for eligibility and included...

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD) stands as a paramount cardiovascular concern and the primary cause of mortality. To underscore the significance of our study, it is crucial to highlight the existing gaps in current diagnostic methods and prognostic assessments of CHD. By addressing these gaps, our research aims to contribute valuable insights and advancements in the understanding and management of this prevalent cardiovascular condition. OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between carotid ultrasound, the Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), and the severity of CHD...

PURPOSE: To explore the cellular crosstalk of tumor resident mast cells (MCs) in controlling the activity of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) to overcome TME abnormalities, enhancing the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in sarcoma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We used a coculture system followed by further validation in mouse models of fibrosarcoma and osteosarcoma with or without administration of the MC stabilizer and antihistamine ketotifen. To evaluate the contribution of ketotifen in sensitizing tumors to therapy, we performed combination studies with doxorubicin chemotherapy and anti-PD-L1 (B7-H1, clone 10F...

BACKGROUND: Patients rarely develop complicated infections in thyroid cysts. Here, we describe a patient with chronic infected unilateral giant thyroid cyst related to diabetes mellitus (DM). CASE SUMMARY: A 66-year-old male was admitted due to an evident neck lump for 5 d after approximately 40 years of gradually progressive neck mass and 7 years of DM. Doppler ultrasound and computed tomography scan showed a giant lump in the left thyroid gland lobe. He was diagnosed with a large thyroid nodule complicated by tracheal dislocation and had surgical indications...

Vasa previa is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition to the fetus. Timely antenatal diagnosis and delivery by cesarean section (CS) can lead to a favorable outcome. Here, we report a case of recurrent pregnancy loss (G3A2) with vasa previa, which was diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound. She was admitted at her 31st week with bleeding per vaginum (PV) provisionally diagnosed as antepartum hemorrhage (APH) and managed conservatively as placenta previa. Follow-up ultrasonography (USG) revealed vasa previa at 33 weeks...

Introduction Arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the preferred type of vascular access for hemodialysis due to their lower risk of complications. This study aimed to determine the role of Doppler evaluation in assessing AVF. Materials and methods We conducted an 18-month prospective observational study of 33 hemodialysis patients who underwent a procedure for the creation of AVF at the Department of Radio-Diagnosis at Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research. Patients were evaluated using color Doppler ultrasound...

Overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is essential to enhance brain therapy. Here, we utilized nanobubbles with focused ultrasound for targeted and improved BBB opening in mice. A microscopy technique method assessed BBB opening at a single blood vessel resolution employing a dual-dye labeling technique using green fluorescent molecules to label blood vessels and Evans blue brain-impermeable dye for quantifying BBB extravasation. A deep learning architecture enabled blood vessels segmentation, delivering comparable accuracy to manual segmentation with a significant time reduction...

BACKGROUND: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common birth defects in the world. It is the leading cause of infant mortality, necessitating an early diagnosis for timely intervention. Prenatal screening using ultrasound is the primary method for CHD detection. However, its effectiveness is heavily reliant on the expertise of physicians, leading to subjective interpretations and potential underdiagnosis. Therefore, a method for automatic analysis of fetal cardiac ultrasound images is highly desired to assist an objective and effective CHD diagnosis...

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a disorder affecting low birthweight, preterm neonates. In the preterm eye, the retina is not fully developed and neovascularization may occur at the margin between the developed vascular retina and undeveloped avascular retina. Without timely treatment by laser or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy, this can lead to tractional retinal detachment and blindness. Visualization of the retina in regular examinations by indirect ophthalmoscopy is hence the current standard of care, but the exams are stressful and interpretation of images is subjective...

Medical images play a vital role in medical analysis by providing crucial information about patients' pathological conditions. However, the quality of these images can be compromised by many factors, such as limited resolution of the instruments, artifacts caused by movements, and the complexity of the scanned areas. As a result, low-resolution (LR) images cannot provide sufficient information for diagnosis. To address this issue, researchers have attempted to apply image super-resolution (SR) techniques to restore the high-resolution (HR) images from their LR counterparts...

BACKGROUND: High lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is associated with adverse limb events in patients undergoing lower extremity revascularization. Lp(a) levels are genetically pre-determined, with LPA gene encoding for two apolipoprotein (a) [apo(a)] isoforms. Isoform size variations are driven by the number of kringle IV type 2 (KIV-2) repeats. Lp(a) levels are inversely correlated with isoform size. In this study, we examined the role of Lp(a) levels, apo(a) size and inflammatory markers with lower extremity revascularization outcomes...

Blunt carotid artery injury (BCI) poses a rare yet severe threat following vascular trauma, often leading to significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case of a 33-year-old male who suffered complete thrombotic occlusion of the right common carotid artery (CCA) following a workplace accident. Clinical evaluation revealed profound neurological deficits, prompting multidisciplinary surgical intervention guided by the Denver criteria (Grade I - disruption inside the vessel that results in a narrowing of the lumen by less than 25%; Grade II - dissection or intramural hematoma causing greater than 25% stenosis; Grade III - comprises pseudoaneurysm formation; Grade IV - causes total vessel occlusion; Grade V - describes vessel transection with extravasation)...