keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37947981/genomic-exploration-of-the-brain-in-people-infected-with-hiv-recent-progress-and-the-road-ahead
#21
REVIEW
Amara Plaza-Jennings, Schahram Akbarian
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The adult human brain harbors billions of microglia and other myeloid and lymphoid cells highly susceptible to HIV infection and retroviral insertion into the nuclear DNA. HIV infection of the brain is important because the brain is a potentially large reservoir site that may be a barrier to HIV cure strategies and because infection can lead to the development of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. To better understand both the central nervous system (CNS) reservoir and how it can cause neurologic dysfunction, novel genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic approaches need to be employed...
November 10, 2023: Current HIV/AIDS Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37880267/electrical-impedance-myography-for-the-early-detection-of-muscle-ischemia-secondary-to-compartment-syndrome-a-study-in-a-rat-model
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aron Lechtig, Philip Hanna, Janice A Nagy, John Wixted, Ara Nazarian, Seward B Rutkove
Acute Compartment Syndrome (ACS) is one of the most devastating orthopedic conditions, affecting any of the body's many compartments, which, if sufficiently severe, may result in disability and amputation. Currently, intra-compartmental pressure measurements serve as the gold standard for diagnosing ACS. Diagnosing limbs at risk for ACS before irreversible damage to muscle and nerve is critical. Standard approaches for diagnosing impending compartment syndrome include clinical evaluation of the limb, such as assessment for "tightness" of the overlying skin, reduced pulses distally, and degree of pain, none of which are specific or sensitive...
October 25, 2023: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37812286/compartments-of-the-crural-fascia-clinically-relevant-ultrasound-anatomical-and-histological-findings
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
S Ortiz-Miguel, M Miguel-Pérez, J Blasi, A Pérez-Bellmunt, J C Ortiz-Sagristà, I Möller, J L Agullo, P Iglesias, C Martinoli
PURPOSE: Compartment syndrome is a surgical emergency that can occur in any part of the body and can cause cell necrosis when maintained over time. The resulting defects can affect the nerves, muscle cells, bone tissue, and other connective tissues inside the compartment, and fasciotomy has to be performed. The anatomical and histological characteristics of the leg make acute, chronic, and exertional compartment syndrome more likely in this limb. For these reasons, knowledge of the ultrasound, anatomical, and histological features of the crural fascia can help in the treatment of leg compartment syndrome...
October 9, 2023: Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy: SRA
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37783652/the-fundamentals-of-fibroblast-growth-factor-9
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hao Yin, Sabrina C R Staples, J Geoffrey Pickering
Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) was first identified during a screen for factors acting on cells of the central nervous system (CNS). Research over the subsequent two decades has revealed this protein to be a critically important and elegantly regulated growth factor. A hallmark control feature is reciprocal compartmentalization, particularly during development, with epithelium as a dominant source and mesenchyme a prime target. This mesenchyme selectivity is accomplished by the high affinity of FGF9 to the IIIc isoforms of FGFR1, 2, and 3...
September 22, 2023: Differentiation; Research in Biological Diversity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37778507/chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome-is-frequently-diagnosed-through-static-compartment-pressure-measurements-and-managed-with-fasciotomy-a-systematic-review
#25
REVIEW
Robert S Dean, Kevin X Farley, Brian R Waterman, Joseph Guettler, James Bicos
OBJECTIVES: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) can be diagnosed either clinically or with intra-compartmental pressure monitor measurements and can be treated surgically or conservatively. METHODS: A systematic review was performed on diagnostic and treatment modalities for CECS. Included studies were those that reported both their specific diagnostic modality and treatment regimens. Both surgical and conservative treatment strategies were considered...
September 29, 2023: Journal of ISAKOS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37776236/primary-cilia-are-critical-for-tracheoesophageal-septation
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lindsey Avery Fitzsimons, Evangelia Tasouri, Marc August Willaredt, Daniel Stetson, Christian Gojak, Joachim Kirsch, Humphrey A R Gardner, Karin Gorgas, Kerry L Tucker
INTRODUCTION: Primary cilia play pivotal roles in the patterning and morphogenesis of a wide variety of organs during mammalian development. Here we examined murine foregut septation in the cobblestone mutant, a hypomorphic allele of the gene encoding the intraflagellar transport protein IFT88, a protein essential for normal cilia function. RESULTS: We reveal a crucial role for primary cilia in foregut division, since their dramatic decrease in cilia in both the foregut endoderm and mesenchyme of mutant embryos resulted in a proximal tracheoesophageal septation defects and in the formation of distal tracheo(broncho)esophageal fistulae similar to the most common congenital tracheoesophageal malformations in humans...
September 30, 2023: Developmental Dynamics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37744443/case-report-every-thoracic-surgeon-s-nightmare-cardiac-and-lung-perforation-during-placement-of-nuss-bar-for-pectus-excavatum
#27
Federico Beati, Simone Frediani, Valerio Pardi, Ivan Aloi, Arianna Bertocchini, Antonella Accinni, Alessandro Inserra
INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of life-threatening complications (LTCs) related to the minimally invasive repair of pectus excavatum (MIRPE) is unknown and underreported. The aim of this study is to contribute to the real prevalence of these rare but dramatic complications and show what went wrong in order to prevent it in the future. CASE PRESENTATION: A 15-year-old boy affected by pectus excavatum with severe asymmetric deformity of the chest wall was evaluated for elective corrective surgery...
2023: Frontiers in Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37717799/building-parameters-linked-with-indoor-transmission-of-sars-cov-2
#28
REVIEW
Jacqueline Horne, Nicholas Dunne, Nirmala Singh, Md Safiuddin, Navid Esmaeili, Merve Erenler, Ian Ho, Edwin Luk
The rapid spread of Coronavirus Disease (2019)(COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has emphasized the importance of understanding and adapting to the indoor remediation of transmissible diseases to decrease the risk for future pandemic threats. While there were many precautions in place to hinder the spread of COVID-19, there has also been a substantial increase of new research on SARS-CoV-2 that can be utilized to further mitigate the transmission risk of this novel virus...
September 15, 2023: Environmental Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37669287/optimal-age-specific-vaccination-control-for-covid-19-an-irish-case-study
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eleni Zavrakli, Andrew Parnell, David Malone, Ken Duffy, Subhrakanti Dey
The outbreak of a novel coronavirus causing severe acute respiratory syndrome in December 2019 has escalated into a worldwide pandemic. In this work, we propose a compartmental model to describe the dynamics of transmission of infection and use it to obtain the optimal vaccination control. The model accounts for the various stages of the vaccination, and the optimisation is focused on minimising the infections to protect the population and relieve the healthcare system. As a case study, we selected the Republic of Ireland...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37625861/pathophysiology-of-hepatorenal-syndrome-acute-kidney-injury
#30
REVIEW
Danielle Adebayo, Florence Wong
Hepatorenal syndrome is a complication of liver cirrhosis with ascites that results from the complex interplay of many pathogenetic mechanisms. Advanced cirrhosis is characterized by the development of hemodynamic changes of splanchnic and systemic arterial vasodilatation, with paradoxical renal vasoconstriction and renal hypoperfusion. Cirrhosis is also an inflammatory state. The inflammatory cascade is initiated by a portal hypertension-induced increased translocation of bacteria, bacterial products, and endotoxins from the gut to the splanchnic and then to the systemic circulation...
September 2023: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37545182/unraveling-the-enigma-of-adamkiewicz-exploring-the-prevalence-anatomical-variability-and-clinical-impact-in-spinal-embolization-procedures-for-bone-metastases
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nicolas Papalexis, Giuliano Peta, Alessandro Gasbarrini, Marco Miceli, Paolo Spinnato, Giancarlo Facchini
BACKGROUND: The artery of Adamkiewicz (AKA) is vital for spinal cord blood supply. Its role in embolization procedures for bone metastases can cause serious complications. We explored its prevalence, anatomical variation, and effect on spinal embolization using N-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in patients with bone metastases. PURPOSE: To understand the impact and variability of AKA in spinal embolizations in cases of bone metastases to reduce complications and improve patient outcomes...
August 6, 2023: Acta Radiologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37510748/first-stabilize-and-then-gradually-recruit-a-paradigm-shift-in-protective-mechanical-ventilation-for-acute-lung-injury
#32
REVIEW
Gary F Nieman, David W Kaczka, Penny L Andrews, Auyon Ghosh, Hassan Al-Khalisy, Luigi Camporota, Joshua Satalin, Jacob Herrmann, Nader M Habashi
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with a heterogeneous pattern of injury throughout the lung parenchyma that alters regional alveolar opening and collapse time constants. Such heterogeneity leads to atelectasis and repetitive alveolar collapse and expansion (RACE). The net effect is a progressive loss of lung volume with secondary ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Previous concepts of ARDS pathophysiology envisioned a two-compartment system: a small amount of normally aerated lung tissue in the non-dependent regions (termed "baby lung"); and a collapsed and edematous tissue in dependent regions...
July 12, 2023: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37499841/the-serum-steroid-signature-of-pcos-hints-at-the-involvement-of-novel-pathways-for-excess-androgen-biosynthesis
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emre Murat Altinkilic, Therina du Toit, Önder Sakin, Rukset Attar, Michael Groessl, Christa E Flück
CONTEXT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is defined by androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction in the absence of a specific physiological diagnosis. The best clinical marker of androgen excess is hirsutism, while the best biochemical parameter is still a matter of debate. Current consensus guidelines recommend, among other hormones, serum free testosterone as an important serum parameter to measure androgen excess. Recently, however, novel active androgens and androgen metabolic pathways have been discovered...
July 25, 2023: Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37456408/persistent-median-artery-bifid-median-nerve-and-reversed-palmaris-longus-encountered-during-cadaveric-dissection-the-first-reported-case
#34
Asem H Elhossiny, Mohamad Bakir, Ahmad Dawalibi, Ayman Behiery
The median artery is a transient embryological structure that normally disappears with the development of the radial and ulnar arteries. In rare instances, though, it persists as the persistent median artery (PMA). The superficial and deep palmar arches are formed through the anastomoses of the radial and ulnar arteries, giving hand and digits their main blood supply. This complex network of vessels and their anastomoses are prone to anatomical variations based on how the anastomosis occurs and which arteries contribute to this anastomosis...
June 2023: Curēus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37450366/dimerization-choice-and-alternative-functions-of-zbtb-transcription-factors
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah Barakat, Ege Ezen, İzem Devecioğlu, Melike Gezen, Sofia Piepoli, Batu Erman
Zinc Finger DNA-binding domain-containing proteins are the most populous family among eukaryotic transcription factors. Among these, members of the BTB domain-containing ZBTB sub-family are mostly known for their transcriptional repressive functions. In this Viewpoint article we explore molecular mechanisms that potentially diversify the function of ZBTB proteins based on their homo and heterodimerization, alternative splicing and post translational modifications. We describe how the BTB domain is as much a scaffold for the assembly of co-repressors, as a domain that regulates protein stability...
July 14, 2023: FEBS Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37398534/well-leg-compartment-syndrome-due-to-hemilithotomy-positioning-after-arthroscopic-reconstruction-of-the-pcl
#36
David R Woodard, Jeff S Kimball, Thomas P Riggs, Matthew T Gulbrandsen, Hasan M Syed
INTRODUCTION: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) occurs due to decreased perfusion of an osseofascial space due to increased compartmental pressure. Due to its potentially devastating sequelae, emphasis is placed on its prompt diagnosis. While fractures continue to be the most common cause of ACS, mechanisms such as crush injuries and even surgical positioning are described etiologies of compartment syndrome. ACS of the well-leg from hemilithotomy positioning has been previously depicted in medical literature; however, there have been no illustrations of this complication after elective arthroscopic-assisted posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction...
June 2023: Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37390353/oral-antimicrobial-agents-in-patients-with-short-bowel-syndrome-worth-a-try
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia W Korzilius, Michelle Gompelman, Guus T J Wezendonk, Nynke G L Jager, Chantal P Rovers, Roger J M Brüggemann, Geert J A Wanten
BACKGROUND: The use of oral antimicrobial agents in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) is challenging due to the changes in gastrointestinal anatomy that may result in diminished absorption and altered drug bioavailability. Prospective studies evaluating bioavailability of antimicrobial agents after oral administration in SBS patients are lacking. OBJECTIVES: To determine the bioavailability of orally administered antimicrobial agents commonly used for treatment in SBS patients to guide clinical decision making when faced with infections...
August 2, 2023: Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37306403/classification-of-cushing-s-syndrome-pkac-mutants-based-upon-their-ability-to-bind-pki
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mitchell H Omar, Maryanne Kihiu, Dominic Byrne, Kyung-Soon Lee, Tyler M Lakey, Erik Butcher, Patrick A Eyers, John D Scott
Cushing's syndrome is an endocrine disorder caused by excess production of the stress hormone cortisol. Precision medicine strategies have identified single allele mutations within the PRKACA gene that drive adrenal Cushing's syndrome. These mutations promote perturbations in the catalytic core of protein kinase A (PKAc) that impair autoinhibition by regulatory subunits and compartmentalization via recruitment into AKAP signaling islands. PKAcL205R is found in approximately 45% of patients, whereas PKAcE31V, PKAcW196R and L198insW and C199insV insertion mutants are less prevalent...
June 12, 2023: Biochemical Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37294195/the-pressure-is-rising-evaluation-and-treatment-of-chronic-exertional-compartment-syndrome
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G Ross Malik, Krina A Vyas
Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is a condition that typically affects athletic/active individuals. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome predominantly affects the lower leg; however, there are cases involving the hand, forearm, foot, and thigh. The signs and symptoms of chronic exertional compartment syndrome are severe pain, tightness, cramping, muscle weakness, and paresthesias during participation in exercise. Dynamic intramuscular compartmental pressure (preexertion and postexertion) is the standard diagnostic test...
June 1, 2023: Current Sports Medicine Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37268554/value-of-multimodality-ultrasound-in-quantitative-evaluation-of-the-intra-compartmental-pressure-and-perfusion-pressure-in-acute-compartment-syndrome-in-a-rabbit-model
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Guanghui Xing, Jing Wang, Wenli Jiang, Naiqiao Ge, Yaqiong Zhu, Yuexiang Wang
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the work described here was to investigate the feasibility of using multimodality ultrasound in quantitative evaluation of the intra-compartmental pressure (ICP) and perfusion pressure (PP) changes in acute compartment syndrome (ACS). METHODS: Infusion technique was used to increase the ICP of the anterior compartment of 10 rabbits from baseline to 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 mmHg. The anterior compartment was evaluated with conventional ultrasound, shear wave elastography (SWE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS)...
May 31, 2023: Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
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