Phene

Tomato by-products from processing industries have a higher potential to be reused as a source of bioactive compounds. Reliable national data on tomato by-products and physicochemical characterisation that will inform and find effective planning on tomato waste management in Portugal is absent. To help obtain this knowledge, selected Portugal companies were recruited to obtain representative samples of by-products generation, and physicochemical composition was evaluated. Furthermore, an environmental-friendly method (the ohmic heating (OH) method, which allows the recovery of bioactive compounds in absence of hazardous reagents) was also used and compared with conventional methods to explore new safe value-added ingredients...

Root anatomy is an important determinant of root metabolic costs, soil exploration, and soil resource capture. Root anatomy varies substantially within and among plant species. RootSlice is a multicellular functional-structural model of root anatomy developed to facilitate the analysis and understanding of root anatomical phenotypes. RootSlice can capture phenotypically accurate root anatomy in three dimensions of different root classes and developmental zones, of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species...

Creating new electron-deficient unit is highly demanded to develop high-performance polymer donors for non-fullerene organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, we reported a multifluorinated unit 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoronaphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithio-phene (FNT) and its polymers PFNT-F and PFNT-Cl. The advantages of multifluorination: (1) it enables the polymers to exhibit low-lying HOMO (~ -5.5 eV) and wide bandgap (~ 2.0 eV); (2) the short interactions (F···H, F···F) endow the polymers with properties of high film crystallinity and efficient hole transport; (3) well miscibility with NFAs that leads to a more well-defined nanofibrous morphology and face-on orientation in the blend films...

A europium(III) coordination compound based on thio-phene-acrylic acid (Htpa), tri-aqua-tris-[3-(thio-phen-2-yl)prop-2-enoato-κ2 O , O ']europium(III)-3-(thio-phen-2-yl)prop-2-enoic acid (1/3), [Eu(C7 H5 O2 S)3 (H2 O)3 ]·3C7 H6 O2 S or [Eu(tpa)3 (H2 O)3 ]·3(Htpa) ( 1 ), where tpa is the conjugate base of Htpa, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Compound 1 crystallizes in the trigonal space group R 3. The structure of 1 consists of a discrete mol-ecular complex [Eu(tpa)3 (H2 O)3 ] species and the Htpa mol-ecule...

Drought is a primary constraint to crop yields and climate change is expected to increase the frequency and severity of drought stress in the future. It has been hypothesized that crops can be made more resistant to drought and better able to sequester atmospheric carbon in the soil by selecting appropriate root phenotypes. We introduce OpenSimRoot_v2 , an upgraded version of the functional-structural plant/soil model OpenSimRoot , and use it to test the utility of a maize root phenotype with fewer and steeper axial roots, reduced lateral root branching density, and more aerenchyma formation (i...

BACKGROUND: High-throughput phenotyping is crucial for the genetic and molecular understanding of adaptive root system development. In recent years, imaging automata have been developed to acquire the root system architecture of many genotypes grown in Petri dishes to explore the Genetic x Environment (GxE) interaction. There is now an increasing interest in understanding the dynamics of the adaptive responses, such as the organ apparition or the growth rate. However, due to the increasing complexity of root architectures in development, the accurate description of the topology, geometry, and dynamics of a growing root system remains a challenge...

The asymmetric unit of the title three-dimensional metal-organic hybrid compound, [Co2 (C6 H2 O4 S)2 (C3 H7 NO)2 ] n , comprises two cobalt(II) cations, one residing on a twofold axis and the other on a centre of inversion, one thio-phene-2,5-di-carboxyl-ate (tdc2- ) ligand and one coordinating di-methyl-formamide (DMF) solvent mol-ecule. Both of the cobalt(II) cations exhibit an octa-hedral coordination environment from the four carboxyl O atoms of the tdc2- anions in a μ 4 - κ 1 : κ 1 : κ 1 : κ 1 fashion and two O atoms from DMF...

In the title compound, C32 H29 BrN2 O10 S3 , the benzo-thia-zole and thio-phene ring systems subtend an inter-planar angle of 7.43 (12)°. The NH2 group forms intra-molecular hydrogen bonds to Nthia-zole and Ocarbon-yl . The Sgalactose -Cthio-phene bond is short [1.759 (2) Å]. The mol-ecules are connected to form ribbons parallel to the b axis by two 'weak' hydrogen bonds and a short Namino ⋯Sgalactose contact.

Citron watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus var. citroides ) is a drought-tolerant cucurbit crop widely grown in sub-Saharan Africa in arid and semi-arid environments. The species is a C3 xerophyte used for multiple purposes, including intercropping with maize, and has a deep taproot system. The deep taproot system plays a key role in the species' adaptation to dry conditions. Understanding the root system development of this crop could be useful to identify traits for breeding water-use efficient and drought-tolerant varieties...

Drought is a major source of yield loss in the production of rice ( Oryza sativa L.), and cultivars that maintain yield under drought across environments and drought stress scenarios are urgently needed. Root phenotypes directly affect water interception and uptake, so plants with root systems optimized for water uptake under drought would likely exhibit reduced yield loss. Deeper nodal roots that have a low metabolic cost per length (i.e., cheaper roots) via smaller root diameter and/or more aerenchyma and that transport water efficiently through smaller diameter metaxylem vessels may be beneficial during drought...

The crystal structures of four thio-phene-carbohydrazide-pyridine derivatives, viz. N '-[( E )-pyridin-3-yl-methyl-idene]thio-phene-2-carbohydrazide, C11 H9 N3 OS, (I), N '-[( E )-pyridin-2-yl-methyl-idene]thio-phene-2-carbohydrazide, C11 H9 N3 OS, (II), N -methyl- N '-[( E )-pyridin-2-yl-methyl-idene]thio-phene-2-carbohydrazide, C12 H11 N3 OS, (III) and N '-[( E )-pyridin-2-yl-methyl-idene]-2-(thio-phen-2-yl)ethano-hydrazide, C12 H11 N3 OS, (IV) are described. The dihedral angles between the thio-phene ring and the pyridine ring are 21...

The structure of a mono-amine PdII complex, [PdCl2 (C7 H9 N)(C12 H11 NS)], which crystallizes in the triclinic space group, P , is reported. The primary geometry around the PdII atom closely resembles square planar (τ4 ' = 0.069). In the ( E )-1-(thio-phen-2-yl)- N -( p -tol-yl)methanimine ligand, the phenyl and thio-phene rings are not coplanar, subtending a dihedral angle of 38.5 (1)° because of steric effects. The PdCl2 N2 coordination plane is almost perpendicular to the planes of the coordinated o -toluidine and the NC2 fragment [dihedral angles of 84...

Suicides are preventable tragedies, if risk factors are tracked and mitigated. We had previously developed a new quantitative suicidality risk assessment instrument (Convergent Functional Information for Suicidality, CFI-S), which is in essence a simple polyphenic risk score, and deployed it in a busy urban hospital Emergency Department, in a naturalistic cohort of consecutive patients. We report a four years follow-up of that population (n = 482). Overall, the single administration of the CFI-S was significantly predictive of suicidality over the ensuing 4 years (occurrence- ROC AUC 80%, severity- Pearson correlation 0...

Selection criteria that co-optimize water use efficiency and yield are needed to promote plant productivity in increasingly challenging and variable drought scenarios, particularly dryland cereals in the semi-arid tropics. Optimizing water use efficiency and yield fundamentally involves transpiration dynamics, where restriction of maximum transpiration rate helps to avoid early crop failure, while maximizing grain filling. Transpiration restriction can be regulated by multiple mechanisms and involves cross-organ coordination...

Root phenotypes are avenues to the development of crop cultivars with improved nutrient capture, which is an important goal for global agriculture. The fitness landscape of root phenotypes is highly complex and multidimensional. It is difficult to predict which combinations of traits (phene states) will create the best performing integrated phenotypes in various environments. Brute force methods to map the fitness landscape by simulating millions of phenotypes in multiple environments are computationally challenging...

The platinum(II) complexes of general formula [PtCl2 (dstp)(S-donor)] were dstp 5,7-dimethyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- a ]-pyrimidine (dmtp), 5,7-ditertbutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidine (dbtp), 5-methyl-7-isobutyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidine (ibmtp) or 5,7-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidine (dptp), whereas S-tetrahydrothio-phene-1-oxide (TMSO) or diphenyl sulfoxide (DPSO) were synthesized in a one-pot reaction. Here, we present experimental data (1 H, 13 C, 15 N, 195 Pt NMR, IR, X-ray) combined with density functional theory (DFT) computations to support and characterize structure-spectra relationships and determine the geometry of dichloride platinum(II) complexes with selected triazolopyrimidines and sulfoxides...

Long-term cultivation of citron watermelon under water-constrained environments in sub-Saharan Africa resulted in the selection and domestication of highly tolerant genotypes. However, information on the magnitude of variation for drought tolerance in citron watermelon is limited for the effective selection of suitable genotypes for breeding. The objective of this study was to determine variation for drought tolerance among South African citron watermelon landrace accessions for selection and use as genetic stock for drought-tolerance breeding in this crop and closely-related cucurbit crops...

The structure of the title compounds 3-bromo-2-(phenyl-sulfan-yl)benzo[ b ]thiophene (C14 H9 BrS2 ; 1 ), 3-iodo-2-(phenyl-sulfan-yl)benzo[ b ]thio-phene (C14 H9 IS2 ; 2 ), 3-bromo-2-(phenyl-selan-yl)benzo[ b ]seleno-phene (C14 H9 BrSe2 ; 3 ), and 3-iodo-2-(phenyl-selan-yl)benzo[ b ]seleno-phene (C14 H9 ISe2 ; 4 ) were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction; all structures presented monoclinic ( P 21 / c ) symmetry. The phenyl group is distant from the halogen atom to minimize the steric hindrance repulsion for all structures...

Greater nitrogen efficiency would substantially reduce the economic, energy and environmental costs of rice production. We hypothesized that synergistic balancing of the costs and benefits for soil exploration among root architectural phenes is beneficial under suboptimal nitrogen availability. An enhanced implementation of the functional-structural model OpenSimRoot for rice integrated with the ORYZA_v3 crop model was used to evaluate the utility of combinations of root architectural phenes, namely nodal root angle, the proportion of smaller diameter nodal roots, nodal root number; and L-type and S-type lateral branching densities, for plant growth under low nitrogen...

Instability of 2D phosphorene material is the major obstacle for its broad applications. Herein phosphorene is sandwiched with self-assembled iron porphyrin monolayers on both sides (I-Phene) to significantly enhance stability. Iron porphyrin has strong interaction with phosphorene through formation of PFe bonds. The sandwich structure offers excellent stability of phosphorene by both-sided monolayer protections for an intact phosphorene structure more than 40 days under ambient conditions. Meanwhile, the electron transfer between iron porphyrin and phosphorene result in a high oxidation state of Fe, making I-Phene biomimetic sensitivity toward oxidation of nitric oxide (NO) for 2...