Phene

Root phenes are associated with the absorptive efficiency of water and fertilizers. However, there are few reports on the genetic variation and stability of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) root architecture under different environments. In this study, the diversity, variance and stability of root phenes of 89 peanut varieties were investigated with shovelomics (high throughput phenotyping of root system architecture) for two years in both field and laboratory experiments. The root phenes of these peanut genotypes presented rich diversity; for example, the value of total root length (TRL) ranged from 347...

It has been hypothesized that vacuolar occupancy in mature root cortical parenchyma cells regulates root metabolic cost and thereby plant fitness under conditions of drought, suboptimal nutrient availability, and increased soil mechanical impedance. However, the mechanistic role of vacuoles in reducing root metabolic cost was unproven. Here we provide evidence to support this hypothesis. We first show that root cortical cell size is determined by both cortical cell diameter and cell length. Significant genotypic variation for both cortical cell diameter (~1...

In the title compound, C20 H18 N2 S, the asymmetric unit comprises two similar mol-ecules ( A and B ). In mol-ecule A , the central thio-phene ring makes dihedral angles of 89.96 (12) and 57.39 (13)° with the 1 H -pyrrole rings, which are bent at 83.22 (14)° relative to each other, and makes an angle of 85.98 (11)° with the phenyl ring. In mol-ecule B , the corresponding dihedral angles are 89.49 (13), 54.64 (12)°, 83.62 (14)° and 85...

Three novel conjugated molecules have been synthesized: 2-(fluoranthen-3-yliminomethyl)-3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene (EIF), 2-(fluoranthen-3-yliminomethyl)thiophene (TIF), and 2-(fluoranthen-3-yliminomethyl)fluorene (FIF). Optical properties were obtained from electronic absorption and emission spectra in DMSO solution. The solvatochromic properties of the molecules have been studied in different solvents. Electrochemical properties were studied by cyclic voltammetry in a Bu4NBF4 (0.1 M)/MeCN organic solution...

Hereditary neurological conditions documented in dogs encompass congenital, neonatal, and late-onset disorders, along with both progressive and non-progressive forms. In order to identify the causal variant of a disease, the main two approaches are genome-wide investigations and candidate gene investigation. Online Mendelian Inheritance in Animals currently lists 418 Mendelian disorders specific to dogs, of which 355 have their likely causal genetic variant identified. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the canine nervous system phenes and their genetic causal variant...

Two-needle 3D stochastic microsensors based on boron- and nitrogen-decorated gra-phenes, modified with N-(2-mercapto-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-yl), were designed and used for the molecular recognition and quantification of CA 72-4, CA 19-9, CEA and CA 125 biomarkers in biological samples such as whole blood, urine, saliva and tumoral tissue. The NBGr-2 sensor yielded lower limits of determination. For CEA, the LOD was 4.10 × 10-15 s-1 g-1 mL, while for CA72-4, the LOD was 4.00 × 10-11 s-1 U-1 mL. When the NBGr-1 sensor was employed, the best results were obtained for CA12-5 and CA19-9, with values of LODs of 8...

Purple crystals of the title compound, C50 H44 Cl4 N4 S2 were obtained from the reaction of 2,5-bis-(4-propyl-1 H -pyrrol-2-yl)thio-phene and 3,5-di-chloro-benzaldehyde in the presence of tri-fluoro-acetic acid for 3 h and subsequent addition of p -chloranil. The macrocycle in the title compound can be described as a highly planar structure wthe the average deviation of the 32 macrocyclic atoms from the least-squares plane being 0.0416 Å. Its mol-ecular conformation is stabilized by two intra-molecular N-H⋯N bonds and a three-dimensional network is formed by C-H⋯π inter-actions...

Despite the great success of the concept of doping organic compounds with BN units to access new materials with tailored prop-erties, its use in polymer chemistry has only been realized quite re-cently. Herein, we present a comprehensive study of oligo- and poly-(arylene iminoborane)s comprising a back-bone of phenylene or thio-phene moieties, as well as combinations thereof, linked via B=N units. The novel polymers can be regarded as BN analogues of poly-(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) or poly(thiophene vinylene) (PTV) or their copolymers, respectively...

In the title compounds, C22 H16 FNO2 S2 ( I ) and C26 H20 FNO2 S2 ( II ), the benzo-thio-phene rings are essentially planar with maximum deviations of 0.009 (1) and 0.001 (1) Å for the carbon and sulfur atom in compounds I and II , respectively. In I , the thio-phene ring system is almost orthogonal to the phenyl ring attached to the sulfonyl group, with a dihedral angle of 77.7 (1)°. In compound I , the mol-ecular structure is stabilized by weak C-H⋯O intra-molecular inter-actions formed by the sulfone oxygen atoms, which generate two S (5) ring motifs...

The syntheses and crystal structure studies of four organic salts of trihexyphenidyl, viz ., trihexyphenidylium [1-(3-cyclo-hexyl-3-hy-droxy-3-phenyl-prop-yl)piperidin-1-ium] 4-nitro-benzoate, C20 H32 NO+ ·C7 H4 NO4 - ( I ), trihexyphenidylium 4-hy-droxy-benzoate, C20 H32 NO+ ·C7 H5 O- ( II ), trihexyphenidylium 4-bromo-benzoate, C20 H32 NO+ ·C7 H4 BrO2 - ( III ), and trihexyphenidylium thio-phene-2-carboxyl-ate hemihydrate, 2C20 H32 NO+ ·2C5 H3 O2 S- ·H2 O ( IV ), con-ducted at 90 K are described...

The bionic optic nerve can mimic human visual physiology and is a future treatment for visual disorders. Photosynaptic devices could respond to light stimuli and mimic normal optic nerve function. By modifying (Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene):poly (styrenesulfonate)) active layers with all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots, with an aqueous solution as the dielectric layer in this paper, we developed a photosynaptic device based on an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). The optical switching response time of OECT was 3...

Ambipolar molecular oligothiophene-fullerene dyads have not only reached power conver-sion efficiencies of >5% in single-material organic solar cells, but moreover belong to the most stable photoactive ma-terials in organic solar cells. Outstanding thermal long term stabilities main--taining 96% of the initial performance after 1 month of continuous illumination and ope-ra--tion were mea-sured. In the series of do--nor-acceptor dyads, D1-D4, the so far best perfor-ming dyad D4 is built up in a "T-shaped" fashion, whereby the π-con-juga-ted dithie-no-pyrrole-cored oligo-thio-phene do-nor is covalently connected to a C70-ful-le-rene acceptor by a flexible alkyl ester linker comprising 8 atoms...

In both of the title compounds, C26 H19 NO2 S2 , ( I ), and C25 H19 NO2 S2 , ( II ), the benzo-thio-phene rings are essentially planar with maximum deviations of 0.026 (1) and -0.016 (1) Å for the carbon and sulfur atoms in compounds ( I ) and ( II ), respectively. In ( I ), the thio-phene ring system is almost orthogonal to the phenyl ring attached to the sulfonyl group, subtending a dihedral angle of 88.1 (1)°, and the di-hydro-pyridine ring adopts a screw-boat conformation...

In the title compound, C19 H15 N5 S, the thio-phene ring is disordered in a 0.6:0.4 ratio by an approximate 180° rotation of the ring around the C-C bond linking it to the pyridine ring. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into dimers with an R 2 2 (12) motif, forming chains along the b -axis direction. These chains are connected to each other by further N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. Furthermore, N-H⋯π and π-π [centroid-centroid separations = 3...

The crystal structure of the title silver(I) complex, [Ag(NO3 )(C17 H12 N2 S2 )2 ], has monoclinic ( C 2/ c ) symmetry, with the silver(I) atom and the nitrate group sitting on a twofold rotation axis. The complex also exhibits a thienyl-ring flip disorder, which is common for unsubstituted thio-phene rings.

The syntheses and crystal structures of four salts of amitriptynol (C20 H25 NO) with different carb-oxy-lic acids are described. The salts formed directly from solutions of amitriptyline (which first hydrolysed to amitriptynol) and the cor-responding acid in aceto-nitrile to form amitriptynolium [sys-tem-atic name: (3-{2-hy-droxy-tri-cy-clo[9.4.0.03,8 ]penta-deca-1(11),3,5,7,12,14-hexa-en-2-yl}pro-pyl)di-methyl-az-an-ium] 4-meth-oxy-benzoate monohydrate, C20 H26 NO+ ·C8 H7 O3 - ·H2 O, ( I ), ami-triptynolium 3,4-di-meth-oxy-benzoate trihydrate, C20 H26 NO+ ·C9 H9 O4 - ·3H2 O, ( II ), amitriptynolium 2-chloro-benzoate, C20 H26 NO+ ·C7 H4 ClO2 - , ( III ), and amitriptynolium thio-phene-2-carboxyl-ate monohydrate, C20 H26 NO+ ·C5 H3 O2 S- ·H2 O, ( IV )...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11 H7 N5 OS, contains two independent mol-ecules (1 and 2). The thio-phene ring in mol-ecule 2 is rotationally disordered (flip disorder) by ca 180° (around the single C-C bond, to which it is attached) over two sites with the site-occupation factors of 0.9 and 0.1. These two orientations of the thio-phene ring in mol-ecule 2 are not equivalent. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds into ribbons parallel to (022) along the a axis...

The title compounds, C15 H14 N2 OS ( 1a ), C16 H16 N2 OS ( 1b ), and C17 H18 N2 OS ( 1c ), form a homologous series in which the size of the saturated ring increases from six- to eight-membered (with four, five and six methyl-ene groups respectively). For 1b and 1c , the central (CH2 ) n moieties are all displaced to the same side of their ring, and the CH2 -CH2 -CH2 angles are much wider than the standard sp 3 value; a database search indicates that these are general features of such ring systems. For 1a , the thio-phene ring lies with the sulfur atom on the opposite side of the Cthio-phene -Cpyridine bond to the cyano group, in contrast to 1b and 1c ...

Suboptimal nitrogen availability is a primary constraint to plant growth. We used OpenSimRoot, a functional-structural plant/soil model, to test the hypothesis that larger root cortical cell size (CCS), reduced cortical cell file number (CCFN), and their interactions with root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) and lateral root branching density (LRBD) are useful adaptations to suboptimal soil nitrogen availability in maize (Zea mays). Reduced CCFN increased shoot dry weight over 80%. Reduced respiration, reduced nitrogen content, and reduced root diameter accounted for 23%, 20%, and 33% of increased shoot biomass, respectively...

Genetic improvement for nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) can play a very crucial role in sustainable agriculture. Root traits have hardly been explored in major wheat breeding programs, more so in spring germplasm, largely because of the difficulty in their scoring. A total of 175 advanced/improved Indian spring wheat genotypes were screened for root traits and nitrogen uptake and nitrogen utilization at varying nitrogen levels in hydroponic conditions to dissect the complex NUE trait into its component traits and to study the extent of variability that exists for those traits in Indian germplasm...