Class IV laser

BACKGROUND: Oral mucositis (OM) is one of the most debilitating side effects of chemotherapy. Among the current methods used in OM management there is high power laser therapy (HPLT), the efficacy of which has been recently tested. AIM: This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of HPLT applied to the treatment of OM in paediatric patients. DESIGN: Fourteen onco-hematological paediatric patients treated with chemotherapy and/or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and affected by OM at different grades were enrolled in this study...

To evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in reducing gingivitis following professional dental prophylaxis in dogs in a prospective, randomly controlled, double-blind study. The study included 47 dogs (male n = 23, female n = 24), with a mean age of 6.5 ± 2.6 years and a bodyweight of 28.9 ± 5.3 kg. Breeds included: Belgian Malinois Shepherd Dogs (n = 23), German Shepherd Dogs (n = 14), Labrador Retriever (n = 4), and Dutch Shepherd Dogs (n = 3)...

Hypothalamic hamartoma (HH) is a rare lesion consisting of normal neurons and neuroglia arranged in an abnormal pattern which usually causes gelastic seizures (GS). Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has been developed as a minimally invasive approach to treat HH and gradually become a first-line treatment. In total, this study enrolled 47 consecutive HH patients that underwent one round of ablation. Patients were followed for at least one year. Patients' medical records and surgical information were carefully reviewed, and univariate analyses were performed...

OBJECTIVE: Young patients with hypothalamic hamartomas (HHs) often present with intractable epilepsy. Currently there are no established management guidelines for HH. The authors retrospectively reviewed their single-institution experience to delineate the role of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS: Seven patients with HHs (4 females; median age 13.7 years, range 2.5-25 years) with no prior resection underwent SRS between 1987 and 2022. The clinical history, epilepsy profile, radiographic findings, and neurological outcomes were characterized...

The novel quaternary thiogermanate Li4 CdGe2 S7 (tetralithium cadmium digermanium heptasulfide) was discovered from a solid-state reaction at 750 °C. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data were collected and used to solve and refine the structure. Li4 CdGe2 S7 is a member of the small, but growing, class of I4 -II-IV2 -VI7 diamond-like materials. The compound adopts the Cu5 Si2 S7 structure type, which is a derivative of lonsdaleite. Crystallizing in the polar space group Cc, Li4 CdGe2 S7 contains 14 crystallographically unique ions, all residing on general positions...

Background and Objectives : One of the most debilitating side effects of chemotherapy is oral mucositis (OM). Photobiomodulation (PBM) demonstrates high efficacy in the management of OM. The aim of the study was to investigate the incidence of oral mucositis and evaluation of the effectiveness of PBM therapy. Materials and Methods : A total of 23 children diagnosed with leukaemia or lymphoma affected by chemotherapy-induced OM were enrolled in the study. OM grade was assessed with the World Health Organization (WHO) scale...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate photobiomodulation therapy in dogs with bilateral hip osteoarthritis. ANIMALS: 20 dogs. PROCEDURES: Forty joints were assigned to a control group (CG; n = 20) or treatment group (photobiomodulation therapy [PBMT]; 20). CG received a 21-day course of meloxicam, and PBMT received treatment with a Class IV therapeutic laser over 3 weeks. Joint range of motion, thigh girth, the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (divided into pain interference score [PIS] and pain severity score [PSS]), Hudson Visual Analogue Scale, Liverpool Osteoarthritis in Dogs, and Canine Orthopedic Index (COI; divided into function, gait, stiffness, and quality of life) were evaluated before treatment, +8, +15, +30, +60, and +90 days after initial treatment...

BACKGROUND: In this study, we assessed the ability of the EPOS system (Perimed AB, Järfälla, Stockholm, Sweden) to detect differences in tissue perfusion between healthy volunteers and patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) with different severity of disease. METHODS: This single-center prospective pilot study included 10 healthy volunteers and 20 patients with PAD scheduled for endovascular therapy (EVT). EPOS measurements were performed at rest at 32 °C and 44 °C, followed by transcutaneous oxygen pressure (TcPo2 ) measurements...

BACKGROUND: Understanding the response to cardiac injury across multiple cell types and timescales has relied on techniques that reduce the complexity of the in vivo environment to provide a step-by-step picture of heart function. These models do not recapitulate the temporal and spatial complexities of the true in vivo environment. We have developed a suite of in vivo imaging methods that enable the study of cardiac injury, and here demonstrate intravital cardiac multiphoton microscopy (MPM) to assess cardiomyocyte function and the dynamics of heart and inflammatory cell types in response to cardiac injury and repair...

BACKGROUND: Developments in ultrasound assessment of pregnancy has resulted in the increasing diagnosis of antenatal fetal issues. Many structural fetal conditions as well as complications associated with multiple pregnancies have the potential for in-utero treatment to improve both pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Procedures such as laser ablation for twin-twin syndrome or cord occlusion for selective fetal termination require fetal immobilisation. Immobilisation of the fetus can occur through administration of medication to the mother or directly to the fetus...

Context: Success or failure of a restoration depends on its ability to bond to the tooth structure, to reduce microleakage, and to inhibit secondary caries. Fluoride-releasing materials have the inherent potential to release fluoride and are also capable of recharging themselves with topical agents. Aim: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effect of fluoride recharge on microleakage of different restorative materials. Materials and Methods: Eighty extracted teeth were collected and split mesiodistally into 160 specimens...

OBJECTIVE: Postsurgical seizure outcome following laser interstitial thermal therapy (LiTT) for the management of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) has been limited to 2 years. Furthermore, its impact on presurgical mood and anxiety disorders has not been investigated. The objectives of this study were (1) to identify seizure outcome changes over a period ranging from 18 to 81 months; (2) to investigate the seizure-free rate in the last follow-up year; (3) to identify the variables associated with seizure freedom; and (4) to identify the impact of LiTT on presurgical mood and anxiety disorders...

To evaluate photobiomodulation therapy's effectiveness (PBMT) in managing chronic idiopathic large-bowel diarrhea. Thirty dogs were selected and divided into a control (CG) and treatment group (TG). CG received psyllium husk at the dose of 4 tablespoons/day for 30 days. TG received PBMT with a Class IV therapeutic laser, divided into three sessions on week 1, two sessions on week 2, and one session on week 3. A daily log of fecal characteristics was maintained, and on days 0, 8, 15, and 30, a canine inflammatory bowel disease index (CIBDAI) and body condition scores (BCS) were obtained...

OBJECTIVE: Corpus callosotomy is a safe and effective procedure for reducing the frequency of drop attacks. MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) offers a minimally invasive alternative to conventional open craniotomy for callosotomy. We hypothesized that MRgLITT callosotomy could be safely performed in pediatric patients with similar seizure control. METHODS: We present an institutional case series of 11 procedures in 10 patients for the treatment of drop attacks in drug-refractory primary generalized epilepsy...

OBJECTIVE: The aim: To determine the influence of obesity on cutaneous microcirculation in patients with different stages of obesity and without cardio-vascular pathologies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: The 67 eligible patients with obesity were enrolled into the main group in this research. 20 healthy patients with normal body weight were included in the control group in this study. The mean age and gender were similar among the groups. Each patient underwent a clinical evaluation during the consultation, biological tests, electrocardiogram, Laser Doppler flowmetry...

OBJECTIVE: Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a result of disrupted neuronal migration from the ventricular system and can be a rare cause of refractory focal epilepsy. The goal of this case series was to describe the treatment of pediatric PVNH-related epilepsy with MR-guided laser interstitial thermal ablation. METHODS: Patients treated at a single institution with MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) for PVNH-related epilepsy were identified...

BACKGROUND: Toenail onychomycosis is a frequent fungal infection that is difficult to treat, especially in elderly patients. Diverse local and systemic antifungal treatments are available with variable results. Recently, different laser systems have been proposed for the treatment of onychomycosis, among them a class IV laser system adopting three different wavelengths, that is, 650, 810, and 915 nm (K-Laser Cube 3TM). OBJECTIVES: This prospective pilot study aims to clarify the clinical, histopathologic, and cultural mycological efficacy of the combination of a triple wavelength laser system and local mechanical abrasion in the treatment of toenail onychomycosis...

BACKGROUND: Approximately 1/3 of patients with epilepsy have drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and require surgical interventions. This meta-analysis aimed to review the effectiveness of MRI-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) in DRE. METHODS: The Population, Intervention, Comparator and Outcome approach and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses were followed. PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for English language publications from 2012 to Nov 2020...

OBJECTIVE: Low-grade primary superficial venous reflux (C0-C3 EpAsPr [Ep (primary), As (superficial), and Pr (reflux)]) is a common feature of chronic venous disease. However, the procedural efficacy focusing on symptom characteristics and improvement patterns in this population has not been fully explored. METHODS: From 2018 to 2019, 325 limbs from 279 patients with C0-C3 EpAsPr (including 66.1% with C0-C1) who had undergone cyanoacrylate ablation (CA) with ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) or endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) with UGFS were included in the present study...

Drosophila class IV neurons are polymodal nociceptors that detect noxious mechanical, thermal, optical, and chemical stimuli. Escape behaviors in response to attacks by parasitoid wasps are dependent on class IV cells, whose highly branched dendritic arbors form a fine meshwork that is thought to enable detection of the wasp's needle-like ovipositor barb. To understand how mechanical stimuli trigger cellular responses, we used a focused 405-nm laser to create highly localized lesions to probe the precise position needed to evoke responses...