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REVIEW
Wei Chen, Qiaoling Ren, Junchen Zhou, Wenchun Liu
Pediatric neurological diseases refer to a group of disorders that affect the nervous system in children. These conditions can have a significant impact on a child's development, cognitive function, motor skills, and overall quality of life. Stem cell therapy is a new and innovative approach to treat various neurological conditions by repairing damaged neurons and replacing those that have been lost. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained significant recognition in this regard due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types...
January 23, 2024: Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology
#22
REVIEW
Daniel J Robertson, Paul M Jeziorczak, Charles J Aprahamian
Diaphragm pacing is a ventilation strategy in respiratory failure. Most of the literature on pacing involves adults with common indications being spinal cord injury and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Previous reports in pediatric patients consist of case reports or small series; most describe direct phrenic nerve stimulation for central hypoventilation syndrome. This differs from adult reports that focus most commonly on spinal cord injuries and the rehabilitative nature of diaphragm pacing. This review describes the current state of diaphragm pacing in pediatric patients...
February 2024: Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Beining Yang, Weimin Zheng, Ling Wang, Yulong Jia, Qunya Qi, Haotian Xin, Yu Wang, Tengfei Liang, Xin Chen, Qian Chen, Baowei Li, Jubao Du, Yongsheng Hu, Jie Lu, Nan Chen
BACKGROUND: The alternation of brain white matter (WM) network has been studied in adult spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. However, the WM network alterations in pediatric SCI patients remain unclear. PURPOSE: To evaluate WM network changes and their functional impact in children with thoracolumbar SCI (TSCI). STUDY TYPE: Prospective. SUBJECTS: Thirty-five pediatric patients with TSCI (8.94 ± 1.86 years, 8/27 males/females) and 34 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HCs) participated in this study...
January 19, 2024: Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging: JMRI
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander M Tucker, Peter J Madsen, Shih-Shan Lang, Phillip B Storm
INTRODUCTION: Traumatic injuries of the spine requiring surgery are rare in infancy. Fusion procedures in the very young are not well-described at the atlanto-occipital junction or subaxial spine. Here we describe novel segmental posterior instrumentation in a severe spinal column disruption in an infant. CASE PRESENTATION: A 13-month-old male with atlanto-occipital dislocation and severe C6-7 distraction (ASIA impairment scale A) presented after a motor vehicle accident...
January 4, 2024: Spinal Cord Series and Cases
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RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Amira M Abd-Elmonem, Hazem A Ali, Sara S Saad-Eldien, Ahmed Rabiee, Walaa A Abd El-Nabie
BACKGROUND: Children with spastic diplegia experience tonicity, lack of selective motor control, subnormal postural stability and delayed motor development. Selective dorsal rhizotomy followed by physical therapy is a permanent procedure aimed to alleviate hypertonicity. OBJECTIVE: To explore the efficacy of selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) followed by a physical training on gross motor function (GMF), functional balance, walking capacity, selective motor control (SMC) and energy cost of walking (ECW) of ambulant children with spastic diplegia...
2023: NeuroRehabilitation
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yavuz Sayar, Miraç Yıldırım, Serap Teber
INTRODUCTION: Home invasive mechanical ventilation (HIMV) has become a crucial long-term respiratory support for children with neurological disorders, but requires advanced technological skills and 24-h care. The increasing global population of children on HIMV is attributed to advancements in intensive care and improved survival rates. METHOD: The manuscript will review the most common neurological problems encountered in children on HIMV. CONCLUSION: The manuscript emphasizes the multidisciplinary nature of managing these patients, involving pediatric pulmonologists, pediatric neurologists, pediatric intensivists, nurses, therapists, dietitians, psychologists, and caregivers...
December 22, 2023: Pediatric Pulmonology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marija Djukic, Helmut Eiffert, Johannes Gossner, Roland Nau
BACKGROUND: Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease of the peripheral motor neurons, which predominantly affects children and causes residual palsies. Because of the oral poliomyelitis vaccination started in Germany in 1960 and 1962 and the following rapid decline of the incidence of this infection, the postpolio syndrome in Germany is a disease of older people. METHODS: Since 2008, we have offered a poliomyelitis outpatient consultation at the Center of Geriatrics, Protestant Hospital Göttingen-Weende and have treated 33 patients...
December 18, 2023: Zeitschrift Für Gerontologie und Geriatrie
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Irwin Gill, Sue-Anne Davidson, Paul G Stevenson, Rae Robinson, Dayna Pool, Jane Valentine
PURPOSE: Intensive rehabilitation aims to improve and maintain functioning in young people who experience disability due to illness or injury. Day rehabilitation may have advantages for families and healthcare systems over inpatient models of rehabilitation. METHODS: This study evaluated the goals and outcomes of a cohort of young people in Western Australia who attended a specialist intensive day rehabilitation programme ("iRehab") at Perth Children's Hospital...
December 11, 2023: Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hongbo Zhao, Xiangjiang Rong, Qi Zhang, Tingting Ma, Tiantian Zhou, Yanqing Zhang
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of activity-based locomotor training (ABLT) on motor function and walking ability in children with spinal cord injury (SCI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched for related studies, with two reviewers subsequently evaluating the literature quality using the Cochrane Handbook. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies were eligible, while only one met the ABLT standard program criteria...
2023: Cirugia y Cirujanos
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marion Carrara, Guillaume Aubertin, Sonia Khirani, Bruno Massenavette, Priscille Bierme, Lucie Griffon, Iulia Ioan, Cyril Schweitzer, Alexandra Binoche, Marie-Emilie Lampin, Clémence Mordacq, Robert Rubinsztajn, Stéphane Debeilleix, François Galode, Stéphanie Bui, Eglantine Hullo, Arnaud Becourt, Marc Lubrano, Johan Moreau, Marie-Catherine Renoux, Stefan Matecki, Nathalie Stremler, Melisande Baravalle-Einaudi, Julie Mazenq, Elodie Sigur, Géraldine Labouret, Anne-Laure Genevois, Rachel Heyman, Michael Pomedio, Alexandra Masson, Pauline Hangard, Céline Menetrey, Laurence Le Clainche, Plamen Bokov, Benjamin Dudoignon, Emmanuelle Fleurence, Jean Bergounioux, Blaise Mbieleu, Audrey Breining, Lisa Giovannin-Chami, Agnes Fina, Morgane Ollivier, Elsa Gachelin, Caroline Perisson, Anne Pervillé, Audrey Barzic, Pierrick Cros, Mickaël Jokic, Guillaume Labbé, Véronique Diaz, Laurianne Coutier, Brigitte Fauroux, Jessica Taytard
RATIONALE: The use of long-term noninvasive respiratory support is increasing in children along with an extension of indications, in particular in children with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of children with CNS disorders treated with long-term noninvasive respiratory support in France. METHODS: Data were collected from 27 French pediatric university centers through an anonymous questionnaire filled for every child treated with noninvasive ventilatory support ≥3 months on 1st June 2019...
December 13, 2023: Pediatric Pulmonology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
James A G Crispo, Lisa J W Liu, Vanessa K Noonan, Nancy P Thorogood, Brian K Kwon, Marcel F Dvorak, Dylan Thibault, Allison W Willis, Jacquelyn J Cragg
INTRODUCTION: Traumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a debilitating neurological condition resulting in lifelong disability for many individuals. The primary objectives of our study were to describe national trends in incident emergency department (ED) visits for tSCI among children (less than 21 years) in the United States, and to determine the proportion of visits that resulted in immediate hospitalization each year, including stratified by age and sex. Secondary objectives were to examine associations between select characteristics and hospitalization following tSCI, as well as to assess sports-related tSCIs over time, including by individual sport and geographic region...
2023: Frontiers in Neurology
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L M Romero-Muñoz, M Peral-Alarma, A Barriga-Martín
INTRODUCTION: SCIWORA has a low incidence but a high functional repercussion. The aim of the present study was to characterize the epidemiology of this clinical-radiological condition and evaluate functional outcome with a mean of 10-years follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, longitudinal ambispective cohort study. Thirteen SCIWORA patients were admitted in the study period. Demographics, mechanism of injury, spinal cord MRI findings, neurological level of injury, time to SCI, neurological status (AIS) at admission/discharge/5 years, spinal cord independence measure (SCIM III) scale at admission and discharge, hospital length of stay and mean follow-up were recorded...
November 21, 2023: Revista Española de Cirugía Ortopédica y Traumatología
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michelle Kameda-Smith, Asthik Biswas, Felice D'Arco, Dominic Thompson
INTRODUCTION: Os odontoideum refers to a rounded ossicle detached from a hypoplastic odontoid process at the body of the axis. The aetiology has been debated and believed to be either congenital or acquired (resulting from trauma). Os odontoideum results in incompetence of the transverse ligament and thus predisposes to atlantoaxial instability and spinal cord injury. METHODS/RESULTS: Three cases of children with severe dystonic cerebral palsy presenting with myelopathic deterioration secondary to atlantoaxial instability due to os odontoideum are presented...
November 23, 2023: European Spine Journal
#34
REVIEW
Elie Haddad, Hassan Al Khoury Salem, Bruno Dohin
Cervical spine injuries in children are a common reason for emergency room visits, while bone, ligament or spinal cord cervical lesions are relatively rare (1-1.5% of severe trauma in children) and mainly involve the upper cervical spine. The main causes are sports injuries, accidents at home and traffic accidents. Clinical triage is needed to avoid unnecessary radiation exposure from imaging. We propose a protocol to optimize the diagnosis and treatment. In children, conservative treatment using rigid immobilization (cervical collar or halo-vest) is the preferred option in stable and/or minimally displaced injuries...
November 20, 2023: Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Surgery & Research: OTSR
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REVIEW
Helene Hurth, Matthias Morgalla, Johannes Heinzel, Adrien Daigeler, Jonas Kolbenschlag, Martin Schuhmann
BACKGROUND: The causes of spasticity are various and include cerebral palsy, spinal cord injury, stroke, multiple sclerosis or other congenital or acquired lesions of the central nervous system (CNS). While there is often a partial functional component, spasticity also results in varying degrees of impairment of the quality of life. OBJECTIVE: A review of surgical treatment options for spasticity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A systematic PubMed review of the literature on epidemiology and treatment options with a focus on neurosurgical interventions for spasticity and developments in the last 20 years as well as inclusion of still valid older landmark papers was carried out...
December 2023: Der Nervenarzt
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Athena Stein, Xuan Vinh To, Fatima A Nasrallah, Karen M Barlow
Approximately 300-550 children per 100,000 sustain a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) each year, of whom ∼25-30% have long-term cognitive problems. Following mTBI, free water (FW) accumulation occurs in white matter (WM) tracts. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to investigate structural integrity following mTBI. Compared with conventional DTI, neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) orientation dispersion index (ODI) and fraction of isolated free water (FISO) metrics may allow a more advanced insight into microstructural damage following pediatric mTBI...
January 2024: Journal of Neurotrauma
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shuang Guo, Huiming Gong, Peipei Xu, Yang Xie, Degang Yang, Zitong Liu, Yuwei Yang, Liang Chen, Yongqi Xie, Mingliang Yang
OBJECTIVE: Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) caused by backbend practice is increasing. This study proposed an underlying 'combined injury mechanism' related to the spinal cord and femoral nerve overstretching. METHODS: Pediatric patients diagnosed with backbend-associated SCIWORA at the China Rehabilitation Research Center during 2017-2021 were recruited. Clinical and imaging data were collected, and each patient's clinical course and prognosis were determined...
2023: Frontiers in Pediatrics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Armaan K Malhotra, Christopher S Lozano, Husain Shakil, Christopher W Smith, George M Ibrahim, David E Lebel, Abhaya V Kulkarni, Jefferson R Wilson, Christopher D Witiw, Avery B Nathens
OBJECTIVE: In this study, the authors aimed to quantify the frequency of in-hospital major adverse events (AEs) in a multicenter cohort of pediatric patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) managed at North American trauma centers. They also sought to identify patient and injury factors associated with the occurrence of major and immobility-related AEs. METHODS: Data derived from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) were used to identify a cohort of pediatric patients (age < 19 years) with traumatic SCI...
September 29, 2023: Journal of Neurosurgery. Pediatrics
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Delona Treesa Joseph, Minu Bajpai, D K Yadav, Shilpa Sharma, Sachit Anand, M A Khan
AIMS: GDNF plays a crucial role in the stimulation of recovery, neuroplasticity and synaptic reorganization after spinal cord injury providing neuroprotection and neuroregeneration. Plasma GDNF levels are upregulated in cases of spina bifida owing to the intrauterine damage of the exposed spinal cord. Our aim was to compare the plasma GDNF levels in patients of spina bifida with non-spina bifida cases and assess the correlation with neurological impairment at one year of follow up. METHODS: Single centre prospective analysis of cases of spina bifida from 2020 to 2022 at presentation and after one year of follow up post-surgery...
October 5, 2023: Journal of Pediatric Urology
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joslyn Gober, Lauren T Shapiro, Eduard Tiozzo, Nanichi A Ramos Roldán, Cristina M Brea, Katherine Lin, Adriana Valbuena
INTRODUCTION: Dual diagnosis (DD) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI) poses clinical and rehabilitation challenges. While comorbid TBI is common among adults with SCI, little is known about the epidemiology in the pediatric population. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of TBI among children in the United States hospitalized with SCI. Secondary objectives were to compare children hospitalized with DD with those with isolated SCI with regards to age, gender, race, hospital length of stay, and hospital charges...
2023: Frontiers in Neurology
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