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• keyword#1
Roberta Sferra, Simona Pompili, Claudio Festuccia, Francesco Marampon, Giovanni L Gravina, Luca Ventura, Ernesto Di Cesare, Sara Cicchinelli, Eugenio Gaudio, Antonella Vetuschi
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive tumor of the central nervous system. Unfortunately, patients affected by this disease have a very poor prognosis, due to high level of invasiveness and resistance to standard therapies. Although the molecular profile of GBM has been extensively investigated, the events responsible for its pathogenesis and progression remain largely unknown. Histone Deacetylases (HDAC) dependent epigenetic modifications and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad pathway seem to play an important role in GBM tumorigenesis, resistance to common therapies and poor clinical outcome...
May 16, 2017: European Journal of Histochemistry: EJH
#2
R M de Kruijff, K Drost, L Thijssen, A Morgenstern, F Bruchertseifer, D Lathouwers, H T Wolterbeek, A G Denkova
Alpha-emitting radionuclides like actinium-225 ((225)Ac) are ideal candidates for the treatment of small metastasised tumours, where the long half-life of (225)Ac enables it to also reach less accessible tumours. The main challenge lies in retaining the recoiled alpha-emitting daughter nuclides, which are decoupled from targeting agents upon emission of an alpha particle and can subsequently cause unwanted toxicity to healthy tissue. Polymersomes, vesicles composed of amphiphilic block copolymers, are capable of transporting (radio)pharmaceuticals to tumours, and are ideal candidates for the retention of these daughter nuclides...
July 16, 2017: Applied Radiation and Isotopes
#3
Lindsey G Kahan, Spencer P Lake, Jared M McAllister, Wen Hui Tan, Jennifer Yu, Dominic Thompson, L Michael Brunt, Jeffrey A Blatnik
BACKGROUND: Hernia meshes exhibit variability in mechanical properties, and their mechanical match to tissue has not been comprehensively studied. We used an innovative imaging model of in vivo strain tracking and ex vivo mechanical analysis to assess effects of mesh properties on repaired abdominal walls in a porcine model. We hypothesized that meshes with dissimilar mechanical properties compared to native tissue would alter abdominal wall mechanics more than better-matched meshes. METHODS: Seven mini-pigs underwent ventral hernia creation and subsequent open repair with one of two heavyweight polypropylene meshes...
July 21, 2017: Surgical Endoscopy
#4
M Katoh, M Fujimoto, N S Mirian, T Konomi, Y Taira, T Kaneyasu, M Hosaka, N Yamamoto, A Mochihashi, Y Takashima, K Kuroda, A Miyamoto, K Miyamoto, S Sasaki
We theoretically show that a single free electron in circular motion radiates an electromagnetic wave possessing helical phase structure, which is closely related to orbital angular momentum carried by it. We experimentally demonstrate it by interference and double-slit diffraction experiments on radiation from relativistic electrons in spiral motion. Our results indicate that photons carrying orbital angular momentum should be created naturally by cyclotron/synchrotron radiations or Compton scatterings in various situations in cosmic space...
July 21, 2017: Scientific Reports
#5
N Hempelmann, V Hejny, J Pretz, E Stephenson, W Augustyniak, Z Bagdasarian, M Bai, L Barion, M Berz, S Chekmenev, G Ciullo, S Dymov, F-J Etzkorn, D Eversmann, M Gaisser, R Gebel, K Grigoryev, D Grzonka, G Guidoboni, T Hanraths, D Heberling, J Hetzel, F Hinder, A Kacharava, V Kamerdzhiev, I Keshelashvili, I Koop, A Kulikov, A Lehrach, P Lenisa, N Lomidze, B Lorentz, P Maanen, G Macharashvili, A Magiera, D Mchedlishvili, S Mey, F Müller, A Nass, N N Nikolaev, A Pesce, D Prasuhn, F Rathmann, M Rosenthal, A Saleev, V Schmidt, Y Semertzidis, V Shmakova, A Silenko, J Slim, H Soltner, A Stahl, R Stassen, H Stockhorst, H Ströher, M Tabidze, G Tagliente, R Talman, P Thörngren Engblom, F Trinkel, Yu Uzikov, Yu Valdau, E Valetov, A Vassiliev, C Weidemann, A Wrońska, P Wüstner, P Zuprański, M Żurek
This Letter reports the successful use of feedback from a spin polarization measurement to the revolution frequency of a 0.97 GeV/c bunched and polarized deuteron beam in the Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) storage ring in order to control both the precession rate (≈121 kHz) and the phase of the horizontal polarization component. Real time synchronization with a radio frequency (rf) solenoid made possible the rotation of the polarization out of the horizontal plane, yielding a demonstration of the feedback method to manipulate the polarization...
July 7, 2017: Physical Review Letters
#6
Joshua S Niedzielski, Jinzhong Yang, Francesco Stingo, Zhongxing Liao, Daniel Gomez, Radhe Mohan, Mary Martel, Tina Briere, Laurence Court
Personalized cancer therapy seeks to tailor treatment to an individual patient's biology. Therefore, a means to characterize radiosensitivity is necessary. In this study, we investigated radiosensitivity in the normal esophagus using an imaging biomarker of radiation-response and esophageal toxicity, esophageal expansion, as a method to quantify radiosensitivity in 134 non-small-cell lung cancer patients, by using K-Means clustering to group patients based on esophageal radiosensitivity. Patients within the cluster of higher response and lower dose were labelled as radiosensitive...
July 20, 2017: Scientific Reports
#7
Narottam Lamichhane, Gajanan K Dewkar, Sundaresan Gobalakrishnan, Li Wang, Purnima Jose, Muhammad Otabashi, Jean-Luc Morelle, Nicholas Farrell, Jamal Zweit
Increasing evidence indicates that reduced intracellular drug accumulation is the parameter most consistently associated with platinum drug resistance, and emphasizes the need to directly measure intra-tumor drug concentration. In the era of precision medicine and with the advent of powerful imaging and proteomics technologies, there is an opportunity to better understand drug resistance, by exploiting these techniques to provide new knowledge on drug-target interactions. Here, we are contributing to this endeavor by reporting on the development of a fluorine-18 labeled carboplatin derivative ((18)F-FCP) that can be used to potentially image drug uptake and retention, including intra-tumoral distribution, by positron emission tomography (PET)...
July 20, 2017: Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Official Publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine
#8
Neri Mercatelli, Silvia Galardi, Silvia Anna Ciafrè
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and inevitably lethal primary brain tumor, with a median survival rate of only 15 months from diagnosis. The current standard treatment involves maximal surgical resection flanked by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with the alkylating agent temozolomide. However, even such aggressive treatment is never curative, and recurrent tumors always arise, commonly in more aggressive, chemo- and radio-resistant forms, leading to untreatable and deadly tumors. MicroRNAs, recognized major players in cancer, are deeply involved in GBM, as shown by more than a decade of studies...
2017: International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
#9
Pinky N Manana, Lazarus Kuonza, Alfred Musekiwa, Hluphi D Mpangane, Lizette L Koekemoer
BACKGROUND: In South Africa malaria is endemic in Mpumalanga, Limpopo and the north-eastern areas of KwaZulu-Natal provinces. South Africa has set targets to eliminate malaria by 2018 and research into complementary vector control tools such as the Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is ongoing. It is important to understand community perceptions regarding malaria transmission and control interventions to enable development of community awareness campaign messages appropriate to the needs of the community...
July 20, 2017: BMC Public Health
#10
Peta S Taylor, Paul H Hemsworth, Peter J Groves, Sabine G Gebhardt-Henrich, Jean-Loup Rault
Little is known about broiler chicken ranging behaviour. Previous studies have monitored ranging behaviour at flock level but whether individual ranging behaviour varies within a flock is unknown. Using Radio Frequency Identification technology, we tracked 1200 individual ROSS 308 broiler chickens across four mixed sex flocks in two seasons on one commercial farm. Ranging behaviour was tracked from first day of range access (21 days of age) until 35 days of age in winter flocks and 44 days of age in summer flocks...
July 20, 2017: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
#11
Ranging Behaviour of Commercial Free-Range Broiler Chickens 1: Factors Related to Flock Variability.
Peta S Taylor, Paul H Hemsworth, Peter J Groves, Sabine G Gebhardt-Henrich, Jean-Loup Rault
Little is known about the ranging behaviour of chickens. Understanding ranging behaviour is required to improve management and shed and range design to ensure optimal ranging opportunities. Using Radio Frequency Identification technology, we tracked 300 individual broiler chickens in each of four mixed sex ROSS 308 flocks on one commercial farm across two seasons. Ranging behaviour was tracked from the first day of range access (21 days of age) until 35 days of age in winter and 44 days of age in summer. Range use was higher than previously reported from scan sampling studies...
July 20, 2017: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
#12
Amol Choudhary, Yang Liu, Blair Morrison, Khu Vu, Duk-Yong Choi, Pan Ma, Stephen Madden, David Marpaung, Benjamin J Eggleton
Integrated microwave photonics has strongly emerged as a next-generation technology to address limitations of conventional RF electronics for wireless communications. High-resolution RF signal processing still remains a challenge due to limitations in technology that offer sub-GHz spectral resolution, in particular at high carrier frequencies. In this paper, we present an on-chip high-resolution RF signal processor, capable of providing high-suppression spectral filtering, large phase shifts and ns-scale time delays...
July 19, 2017: Scientific Reports
#13
Marco Kaltofen, Arnie Gundersen
After the March 11, 2011, nuclear reactor meltdowns at Fukushima Dai-ichi, 180 samples of Japanese particulate matter (dusts and surface soils) and 235 similar U.S. and Canadian samples were collected and analyzed sequentially by gamma spectrometry, autoradiography, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Samples were collected and analyzed over a five-year period, from 2011 to 2016. Detectable levels of (134)Cs and (137)Cs were found in 142 of 180 (80%) Japanese particulate matter samples...
July 15, 2017: Science of the Total Environment
#14
Huanhuan Zhu, Hangyong Zhao, Linjie Zhang, Jianmin Xu, Chunhua Zhu, Hui Zhao, Guoqiang Lv
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common tumors worldwide. Standard treatment after early detection involves surgical excision (recurrence is possible), and metastatic gastric cancer is refractory to immuno-, radio-, and most harmful chemotherapies. Various natural compounds have shown efficacy in killing different cancers, albeit not always specifically. In this study, we show that dandelion root extract (DRE) specifically and effectively suppresses proliferation and migration in human gastric cells without inducing toxicity in noncancerous cells...
July 14, 2017: Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie
#15
Alessia Fidoamore, Loredana Cristiano, Chiara Laezza, Renato Galzio, Elisabetta Benedetti, Benedetta Cinque, Andrea Antonosante, Michele d'Angelo, Vanessa Castelli, Maria Grazia Cifone, Rodolfo Ippoliti, Antonio Giordano, Annamaria Cimini
Glioblastoma (GB), the most-common cancer in the adult brain, despite surgery and radio/ chemotherapy, is to date almost incurable. Many hypoxic tumors, including GB, show metabolic reprogramming to sustain uncontrolled proliferation, hypoxic conditions and angiogenesis. Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptors (PPAR), particularly the α isotype, have been involved in the control of energetic metabolism. Herein, we characterized patient-derived GB neurospheres focusing on their energetic metabolism and PPARα expression...
July 7, 2017: Oncotarget
#16
REVIEW
Paul Lesueur, François Chevalier, Jean-Baptiste Austry, Waisse Waissi, Hélène Burckel, Georges Noël, Jean-Louis Habrand, Yannick Saintigny, Florence Joly
BACKGROUND: Poly-(ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors are becoming important actors of anti-neoplasic agents landscape, with recent but narrow FDA's approvals for ovarian BRCA mutated cancers and prostatic cancer. Nevertheless, PARP inhibitors are also promising drugs for combined treatments particularly with radiotherapy. More than seven PARP inhibitors have been currently developed. Central Role of PARP in DNA repair, makes consider PARP inhibitor as potential radiosensitizers, especially for tumors with DNA repair defects, such as BRCA mutation, because of synthetic lethality...
July 7, 2017: Oncotarget
#17
Pedro R Lowenstein, Maria G Castro
Glioma cells are one of the most aggressive and malignant tumors. Following initial surgery, and radio-chemotherapy they progress rapidly, so that patients' median survival remains under two years. They invade throughout the brain, which makes them difficult to treat, and are universally lethal. Though total resection is always attempted it is not curative. Standard of care in 2016 comprises surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy (temozolomide). Median survival is currently ~14-20months post-diagnosis though it can be higher in high complexity medical university centers, or during clinical trials...
July 15, 2017: Clinical Immunology: the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society
#18
Omolola Salako, Alero A Roberts, Victor I Isibor, Oluwatimilehin Babatunde, Omolara Fatiregun, Chukwumere N Nwogu
Breast cancer is a major disease in Nigeria; in 2012, 27,304 new occurrences were diagnosed, and the number of mortalities was 13,960. Greater than 70% of patients present with advanced disease, which has a poor survival outcome. The mortality rates are high mainly because of a lack of awareness about breast health, screening guidelines, and treatment centers, and because of sociocultural barriers. In Nigeria, health care professionals remain the backbone for the provision of medical information to the public...
April 2017: Journal of Global Oncology
#19
Geraldine Graser-Loescher, Agnes Schoenhuber, Caroline Ciglenec, Sabine Eberl, Georg Krupitza, Robert M Mader, Surender Singh Jadav, Venkatesan Jayaprakash, Monika Fritzer-Szekeres, Thomas Szekeres, Philipp Saiko
Cellular growth inhibition exerted by thiosemicarbazones is mainly attributed to down-regulation of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activity, with RNR being responsible for the rate-limiting step of de novo DNA synthesis. In this study, we investigated the antineoplastic effects of three newly synthesized thiosemicarbazone derivatives, thiazolyl hydrazones, in human HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia cells. The cytotoxicity of compounds alone and in combination with arabinofuranosylcytosine (AraC) was determined by growth inhibition assays...
July 14, 2017: Food and Chemical Toxicology
#20
REVIEW
Liang Zhang, Colm J McMahon, Samir Shah, Jim S Wu, Ronald L Eisenberg, Justin W Kung
PURPOSE: To identify the clinical and radiologic predictive factors of rib fractures in stable adult outpatients presenting with chest pain and to determine the utility of dedicated rib radiographs in this population of patients. METHOD AND MATERIALS: Following Institutional Review Board approval, we performed a retrospective review of 339 consecutive cases in which a frontal chest radiograph and dedicated rib series had been obtained for chest pain in the outpatient setting...
May 30, 2017: Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology
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