Immunotherapy cancer

BACKGROUND: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 disease (COVID-19) has caused a worldwide challenging and threatening pandemic. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients. METHODS: Patient self-reported adverse events related to vaccines were recorded by follow-up through a uniform questionnaire. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method. A multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox proportional hazard regression model to determine the effect of each variable on the survival of lung cancer patients...

BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable disease characterized by frequent relapses and a need for multiple treatments, often progresses to a relapse/refractory status resistant to all available drugs and drug classes. Bispecific antibodies, specifically BCMA T-cell engagers, have emerged as effective treatments for MM, demonstrating impressive efficacy. However, these treatments can adversely affect the immune system, increasing vulnerability to infections. METHODS/RESULTS: This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of BCMA T-cell engagers in 58 Swedish patients with poor MM prognosis...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become a new hope for many patients with advanced cancer by blocking tumor immune escape. Bladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the urinary tract epithelium that often relapses and metastasizes after surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Immunotherapy has dramatically improved patient survival rates and clinical benefits as a new, potentially effective therapy. However, avoidance of various immune-related adverse events (irAEs) remains an implausible idea. ICI-induced myocarditis is different from viral myocarditis, and mortality is still high with the current treatment...

INTRODUCTION: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have recently been approved for the treatment of early-stage NSCLC in the perioperative setting on the basis of phase 3 trials. However, the characteristics of such patients who are susceptible to recurrence after adjuvant chemotherapy or who are likely to benefit from postoperative immunotherapy have remained unclear. METHODS: This biomarker study (WJOG12219LTR) was designed to evaluate cancer stem cell markers (CD44 and CD133), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells, CD8 expression on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, and tumor mutation burden in completely resected stage II to IIIA NSCLC with the use of archived DNA and tissue samples from the prospective WJOG4107 trial...

The role of neutrophils in tumor initiation stage is rarely reported because of the lack of suitable models. We found that neutrophils recruited in early tumor nodules induced by subcutaneous inoculation of B16 melanoma cells were able to attack tumor cells by trogocytosis. The anti-tumor immunotherapy like peritoneal injection with TLR9 agonist CpG oligodeoxynucleotide combined with transforming growth factor β2 inhibitor TIO3 could increase the trogocytic neutrophils in the nodules, as well as CD8+ T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and their interferon-γ production...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to explore the potential of peripheral immune cells in predicting the response and prognosis of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving anti-PD-1 immunotherapy and platinum-based chemotherapy. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: We utilized flow cytometry to examine the levels and dynamics of blood immune cells in 79 advanced NSCLC patients treated with the chemoimmunotherapy between December 2019 and January 2022...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma (PSC) represents a rare and highly aggressive variant of lung cancer, characterized by its recalcitrance to conventional therapeutic modalities and the attendant dismal prognosis it confers. Recent breakthroughs in immunotherapy have presented novel prospects for PSC patients; nevertheless, the utility of neoadjuvant/conversional immunotherapy in the context of PSC remains ambiguous. In this report, we present a middle-aged male presenting with Stage III PSC, notable for its high expression of the programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), initially deemed as non-resectable for sizeable tumor mass and multiple lymph nodes metastases...

Ferroptosis is an emerging form of regulated cell death in an oxidative stress- and iron-dependent manner, primarily induced by the over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Manipulation of ferroptosis has been considered a promising therapeutic approach to inhibit liver tumor growth. Nevertheless, the development of resistance to ferroptosis in liver cancer poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial enzymatic catalytic reactions that covalently regulate protein conformation, stability and cellular activities...

Immunotherapy has emerged as the primary treatment modality for patients with advanced Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its clinical efficacy remains limited, benefiting only a subset of patients, while most exhibit immune tolerance and face a grim prognosis. The infiltration of immune cells plays a pivotal role in tumor initiation and progression. In this study, we conducted an analysis of immune cell infiltration patterns in HCC patients and observed a substantial proportion of CD8+ T cells. Leveraging the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we identified 235 genes associated with CD8+ T cell and constructed a risk prediction model...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) rank among the most prevalent types of head and neck cancer globally. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients receive their diagnoses at advanced stages, limiting the effectiveness of available treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a pivotal player in HNSCC development, with macrophages holding a central role. Macrophages demonstrate diverse functions within the TME, both inhibiting and facilitating cancer progression. M1 macrophages are characterized by their phagocytic and immune activities, while M2 macrophages tend to promote inflammation and immunosuppression...

Despite improvements in overall cancer mortality, deaths related to pancreatic cancer continue to rise. Following first-line treatment, second-line options are significantly limited. Classically, first-line treatment consisted of either gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil based systemic chemotherapy. Upon progression of disease or recurrence, subsequent second-line treatment is still gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil based chemotherapy, depending on what was used in the first line and the timing of progression or recurrence...

BACKGROUND: Polyamine modification patterns in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and their impact on prognosis, immune infiltration, and anti-tumor efficacy have not been systematically explored. METHODS: Patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were classified into subtypes according to polyamine metabolism-related genes using the consensus clustering method, and the survival outcomes and immune profile were compared. Meanwhile, the geneCluster was constructed according to the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the subtypes...

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous melanoma (CM) of the skin stands as the leading cause of mortality among skin cancer-related deaths. Despite the successes achieved with novel therapies such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, their efficacy remains limited, necessitating further exploration of new treatment modalities. The gut microbiota and CM may be linked, as indicated by a growing body of preclinical and observational research. Nevertheless, the exact correlation between the intestinal microbiota and CM remains to be determined...

Lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related death, often requires surgical resection for early-stage cases, with recent data supporting less invasive resections for tumors smaller than 2 cm. Central to resection is lymph node assessment, an area of controversy worldwide, compounded by advances in minimally invasive techniques. The review aims to assess current standards for lymph node assessment, recent data from the surgical era, and the immunobiological basis of how lymph node metastases impact patient outcomes...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: The prognosis for advanced intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is poor, and there remains an urgent need to develop efficient systemic therapy. The efficacy of Pembrolizumab immunotherapy combined with lenvatinibin in iCCA is still unclear. The role of Epstein-Barr-virus (EBV) as a biomarker in iCCA for response to immunotherapy needs further exploration. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a case of a 60-year-old female with EBV-associated advanced iCCA (EBVaiCCA) who progressed after first-line therapy...

INTRODUCTION: Hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1), a 97-kDa serine/threonine Ste20-related protein kinase, functions as an intracellular negative regulator, primarily in hematopoietic lineage cells, where it regulates T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and other immune cells. Loss of HPK1 kinase activity results in exacerbated cytokine secretion, enhanced T cell signaling, improved viral clearance, and thus increased restraint of tumor growth. These findings highlight HPK1 as a promising target for immuno-oncology treatments, culminating in the advancement of candidate compounds targeting HPK1 to clinical trials by several biotech enterprises...

BACKGROUND: Renal cell carcinomas are the most common form of kidney cancer in adults. In addition to metastasizing in lungs, soft tissues, bones, and the liver, it also spreads locally. In 2-10% of patients, it causes a thrombus in the renal or inferior vena cava vein; in 1% of patients thrombus reaches the right atrium. Surgery is the only curative option, particularly for locally advanced disease. Despite the advancements in laparoscopic, robotic and endovascular techniques, for this group of patients, open surgery continues to be among the best options...

BACKGROUND: Bacteria-based cancer therapy have demonstrated innovative strategies to combat tumors. Recent studies have focused on gram-negative bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) as a novel cancer immunotherapy strategy due to its intrinsic properties as a versatile carrier. METHOD: Here, we developed an Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-associated E7 antigen displaying Salmonella-derived OMV vaccine, utilizing a Poly(L-arginine) cell penetrating peptide (CPP) to enhance HPV16 E7 (aa49-67) H-2 Db and OMV affinity, termed SOMV-9RE7...