metabolismo

Sphingolipids (sphingomyelin, glycolipids, gangliosides) are located in cell membranes, plasma, and lipoproteins. In patients with cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases, the profile of sphingolipids and their metabolites (ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine-1-phosphate) is modified, and these changes may explain the alterations in some cellular responses such as apoptosis. Furthermore, sphingosine and sphingosine-1-phosphate have been suggested to prevent COVID-19. This review also briefly mentions the techniques that allow us to study sphingolipids and their metabolites...

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of clozapine-associated myocarditis varies by country. These variations were explored in VigiBase, the World Health Organization's global database which has >25 million spontaneously reported adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports from 145 national drug agencies. METHODS: On January 15, 2021, a search of VigiBase since inception focused on myocarditis in clozapine patients. The 3572 individual reports were studied using the standard VigiBase logarithmic measure of disproportionality called information component (IC)...

BACKGROUND: adipose tissue dysfunction is a key factor for diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) development. Chia (Salvia hispanica) is an abundant source of omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and fiber which could improve adipose tissue functionality. AIM: to analyze the effect of an isocaloric chia-supplemented diet on glucose metabolism, adipose tissue inflammation, and endothelial function markers in patients with NAFLD and early stages of diabetes...

Iron interactions with the cardiovascular system were proposed about half a century ago, yet a clear-cut understanding of this micronutrient and its intricacies with acute and chronic events is still lacking. In chronic heart failure, patients with decreased iron stores appear to benefit from intravenous administration of metallic formulations, whereas acute diseases (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) are barely studied in randomized controlled trials in humans. However, proof-of-concept studies have indicated that the dual redox characteristics of iron could be involved in atherosclerosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis...

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a genetic entity with autosomal recessive inheritance. Mutations in genes (such as APOC2, APOAV, LMF-1, GPIHBP-1) that code for proteins that regulate the maturation, transport, or polymerization of lipoprotein lipase-1 are the most common causes, but not the only ones. The objective of this study was to report the first documented case in Ecuador. CLINICAL CASE: A 38-year-old man presented with chronic hepatosplenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, pancreatic atrophy, and severe hypertriglyceridemia refractory to treatment...

INTRODUCTION: vitamin D plays a key role in regulating insulin secretion and its deficit seems to confer an increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus. In this study, we have tried to analyze the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in our type 1 diabetic children population and if their deficiency is related to a worse control of the disease, as well as with their bone and lipid metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: this is a retrospective study, in which both clinical and laboratory data were available for 124 children who were controlled in the Pediatric Diabetes Unit of our Hospital...

Inborn errors of metabolism constitute a growing group of rare diseases with usual neurological impact. Heterogeneous in clinical and biochemical aspects, its diagnosis and treatment are difficult. Advances in its knowledge, in diagnostic methods and in its treatments, highlight the importance of a timely diagnosis, the gateway to access to early medical intervention. The neuropediatrician's suspicion in different clinical situations is very relevant. This article aims to be a practical contribution to facilitate their recognition...

BACKGROUND: Portal vein occlusion shortly before extended hepatic resections has hepatoprotective properties, but its molecular effects have not been elucidated. We characterized the impact of regenerative preconditioning by portal vein embolization (PVE) on hepatic energy metabolism and cytokine expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: About 90% hepatectomies were performed in normal pigs (Control) and in pigs that underwent a PVE 24 h before the surgery (n = 10/group)...

Inborn errors of intermediary metabolism (IEiM) are a group of monogenic disorders that affect a metabolic pathway of proteins, carbohidrates, or lipids; when not treated timely, IEiM are associated with high morbidity and mortality. To date, nutritional therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for patients with IEiM, which aims to prevent the accumulation of toxic metabolites by restricting the substrates involved in the affected pathway. Nutritional management in infants includes a metabolic formula free of the nutrients involved in IEiM and breastmilk or infant formula...

PURPOSE: Non-invasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer was reclassified as non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP). These neoplasms have an extremely low malignant potential. The aim of this study was (1) to assess the prevalence of NIFTP in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, (2) to evaluate their outcomes, and (3) to determine their molecular profile. METHODS: Multicenter, descriptive, retrospective study...

The epidemiology of Paget's disease of bone (PDB) has changed in the last years but there is no update data on its clinical presentation, diagnosis and management in Latin America. Our aim was to describe its clinical features, diagnostic evaluation and responses to treatment in a group of PDB patients treated between June 2012 and December 2019 in an institution specialized in bone diseases, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The frequency of PDB (180/10 714) was 1.68%. Median age was 67 (range 39-97) years and 59...

As doenças neurometabólicas hereditárias representam um desafio diagnóstico e precisam de classificações eficientes para sua compreensão. São um grupo de doenças raras, mas atingem pelo menos um a cada mil nascimentos. Algumas têm possibilidade terapêutica. Os quadros clínico e radiológico são variáveis e, às vezes, superponíveis, a depender da fase da doença. Por isso, observam-se na literatura vários tipos de classificações, algumas de difícil aplicação prática...

OBJECTIVE: To know the frequency of people with hypozincemia in a group of Mexican patients with Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU)m and its relationship with metabolic and clinical profile. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional, analytical, and observational study in patients with and without DFU, treated in Family Medicine Units from Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) in Mérida, Yucatán, México. Frequency of hypozincemia (Zn serum < 70 g/ml) and its relationship with the levels of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c), cholesterol and triglycerides was analyzed...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of antioxidant supplementation with açaí extract on the discomfort with chronic tinnitus and the relationship with the levels of anxiety and oxidative metabolism, not excluding the overlap of diseases. METHODS: Randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 30 individuals participated, with an average of 50.5 years, 14 males and 16 females, with normal hearing thresholds or sensorineural hearing loss up to mild degree, divided into two groups: Placebo Group (without active) and, Açaí Group (100mg of açaí extract)...

INTRODUCTION: Inborn errors of metabolism are a highly heterogeneous group of orphan diseases. Diet therapy and enzyme and coenzyme replacement are the most frequently used treatment. There are few patients and published studies about inborn errors of metabolism. The main objective of this study was to describe the effectiveness of orphan drugs in inborn errors of metabolism in paediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective descriptive study of 24 months on patients diagnosed with inborn errors of metabolism during childhood and who attended the pharmacy clinic or Day-Care Unit of a 630-bed general hospital...

This review aimed to describe and comment on how experimental intrauterine nutritional stress in animals produced some changes in tryptophan-5-hydroxylases (TPH) 1 and 2 in the brain and other key proteins such as plasma albumin, and how the intrauterine nutritional stress could produce long-lasting alterations in serotonin function in the brain of human infants.

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery (BS) has shown to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in obesity. The BS has improved the dyslipidemia of the insulin resistant patient, our objective was to evaluate if there was a difference in the lipid profile between the laparoscopic roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) technique vs. the sleeve gastrectomy (SG) technique at 18 months of follow-up. METHODS: An observational, open, prospective study of morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery at 18-month follow-up...

BACKGROUND: Parathormone (PTH) is a component of the Mineral Metabolism (MM) system that has been shown recently to add prognostic value in pts. with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) and average renal function. However, the influence of renal function on the prognostic role of PTH in pts. with SCAD has not been shown yet. PURPOSE: To assess the influence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on the prognostic role of PTH and other MM markers in pts...

INTRODUCTION: Bariatric surgery is a relatively safe surgical procedure with a high success rate. However, recent reports indicate a higher prevalence of alcohol or substance abuse disorder in this patient group. The purpose of this study was to review the related evidence to serve as a reference for multidisciplinary teams who treat these patients. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and CENTRAL databases. The odds ratios were extracted from the different articles, comparing the prevalence of the abuse of alcohol or other substances in the postoperative period versus preoperative levels...

INTRODUCTION: Sleep apnoea-hypopnoea syndrome (SAHS) and childhood obesity are two high prevalence conditions that represent a public health challenge. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the association between both and comparing child groups that had or did not have both conditions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study in children (3-14 years), referred to the "Multidisciplinary Sleep Unit" due to suspected SAHS, between 1 November 2015 and 1 August 2017...