Skalova salivary

Undifferentiated carcinomas arising at salivary gland and head and neck mucosal sites may originate either de novo or through a process of dedifferentiation of a differentiated carcinoma. While in the latter group the diagnosis is largely dependent on the identification of the differentiated component or recognition of a specific genotype, the classification of undifferentiated carcinomas that lack a differentiated component is mainly based on the identification of specific genetic drivers, like for example the NUTM1 fusions in NUT carcinoma...

Sclerosing polycystic adenoma (SPA) is a rare salivary gland neoplasm originally thought to represent a non-neoplastic lesion. Recently we have encountered an index case of apocrine intraductal carcinoma of parotid gland of 62-year-old man with invasive salivary duct carcinoma component arising from SPA, a combination of tumor entities that has never been published so far. Here, we further explore the nature of SPA by evaluating 36 cases that were identified from the authors' consultation files. The patients were 25 females and 11 males aged 11 to 79 years (mean, 47...

Most of salivary gland neoplasms (benign and malignant) are characterized by recurrent gene fusions. Pleomorphic adenoma (PA), the most frequent salivary gland tumor, is driven by chromosomal rearrangements involving PLAG1 mapped to 8q12 and HMGA2 mapped to 12q13-15 in most cases. Multiple fusion partners have been identified including CTNNB1, FGFR1, LIFR, CHCHD7 and TCEA for PLAG1 fusions and NFIB, WIF1 and FHIT for HMGA2 fusions. To date, no data exist on the morphology of the few reported HMGA2-WIF1-rearranged PAs...

High-grade transformation (HGT) or dedifferentiation has been described in a variety of salivary gland carcinomas, including acinic cell carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, polymorphous adenocarcinoma, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma. High-grade (HG) transformed tumors are composed of a conventional low-grade component characterized by specific microscopic and immunohistochemical features for the given entity, intermingled with or juxtaposed to areas of HG morphology...

The majority of salivary gland carcinomas are characterized by recurrent gene fusions that proved highly valuable diagnostically, but only rarely of therapeutic impact. Most of these fusion-positive carcinomas belong to the low-grade or intermediate-grade biological category. To date, only 5 cases of salivary gland carcinomas carrying an oncogenic ALK fusion have been reported in 4 recent studies, but their phenotypic spectrum and their nosological classification remain uncharacterized. We herein describe in detail the clinicopathologic and molecular features of 4 ALK-fusion-positive salivary carcinomas and review previously reported cases to assess if they could be classified into a defined World Health Organization (WHO) category...

High-grade transformation (HGT) or dedifferentiation has been described in a variety of salivary gland carcinomas, including acinic cell carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma, polymorphous adenocarcinoma, low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma. High-grade (HG) transformed tumors are composed of a conventional low-grade component characterized by specific microscopic and immunohistochemical features for the given entity, intermingled with or juxtaposed to areas of HG morphology...

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common salivary gland neoplasm, and its diagnosis is straightforward in the majority of cases. However, not infrequently, PA shows unusual and uncommon histological features that can be confused with those of malignancy. The difficulties in diagnosing PA arise from its ability to mimic invasion, show atypical or metaplastic cytomorphology, and show morphological features that overlap with those of established salivary gland carcinomas. In addition, recognising early malignant transformation to carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma continues to be a frequent challenge...

OBJECTIVE: Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a key diagnostic method in the evaluation of salivary gland lesions. Secondary tumors of salivary glands represent only 5% of all malignancies of major salivary glands. The goal of our study was to examine the cytological and clinical features of secondary tumors sampled by FNA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 36 secondary tumors from the pathology departments of two university hospitals are presented. Clinical referrals to FNA, cytological features, immunohistochemical results, and histopathological diagnoses were reviewed in all cases...

Oncocytic mucoepidermoid carcinoma (OMEC) is a rare but diagnostically challenging variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC). OMEC is notable for differential diagnostic considerations that are raised as a result of overlap with other benign and low-grade oncocytic salivary gland tumors. Diffuse and strong immunoreactivity of p63 protein may be useful in distinguishing OMEC from its mimics. However, focal p63 staining can be present in benign oncytomas. Presence of mucin-containing cells, mucinous cystic formation, and foci of extravasated mucin are considered a hallmark of MEC...

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) of the salivary gland is a rare tumor that was first described by Skalova et al in 2010, and since then, only a few hundred cases have been reported in the literature. Prior to Skalova's report, MASC was histologically misclassified as acinic cell carcinoma (ACC), pleomorphic adenoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified. Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma has a low incidence rate overall, accounting for less than 0.3% of all salivary gland tumors...

AIMS: Secretory carcinoma (SC) (synonym: mammary analogue secretory carcinoma) is a low-grade salivary gland tumour that occurs in both major and minor salivary glands. SC is known for its wide morphological, architectural and immunohistochemical spectrum, which overlaps with those of several salivary gland neoplasms, including acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) and intercalated duct-type intraductal carcinoma (IDC) in major salivary glands, and polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) in minor salivary glands...

BACKGROUND: Secretory carcinoma (SC), originally described as mammary analogue SC, is a predominantly low-grade salivary gland neoplasm characterized by a recurrent t(12;15)(p13;q25) translocation, resulting in ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Recently, alternative ETV6-RET, ETV6-MAML3, and ETV6-MET fusions have been found in a subset of SCs lacking the classic ETV6-NTRK3 fusion transcript, but still harboring ETV6 gene rearrangements. DESIGN: Forty-nine cases of SC revealing typical histomorphology and immunoprofile were analyzed by next-generation sequencing using the FusionPlex Solid Tumor kit (ArcherDX)...

Oncocytomas (OC) in salivary glands are rare benign tumors composed of mitochondria-rich epithelial cells (oncocytes), mostly localized in the parotid gland. The treatment of choice is simple excision. Extensive oncocytic metaplasia of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) and myoepithelioma (ME) can be diagnostically challenging and may camouflage the correct diagnosis. These tumors should be treated more carefully compared to OC, given the risk of frequent recurrences and the possibility of malignant transformation. We have investigated 89 oncocytic lesions from our files, including OC (n=74) and metaplastic oncocytic variant of PA/ME (n=15)...

RATIONALE: Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma is a low grade salivary gland malignancy, first described by Skalova et al in 2010. The histological, immunohistochemical, and molecular characteristics of this tumor resemble those of secretory carcinoma of the breast. PATIENT CONCERNS: A 40-year-old male patient without any specific past history came with complaints of 4 cm-sized hard, fixed, right infra-auricular mass without tenderness. There was no enlarged or enhancing lymph node in both neck...

Polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) shows histologic diversity with streaming and targetoid features whereas cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland (CASG) demonstrates predominantly cribriform and solid patterns with glomeruloid structures and optically clear nuclei. Opinions diverge on whether CASG represents a separate entity or a variant of PAC. We aimed to assess the level of agreement among 25 expert Head and Neck pathologists in classifying these tumors. Digital slides of 48 cases were reviewed and classified as: PAC, CASG, tumors with ≥50% of papillary architecture (PAP), and tumors with indeterminate features (IND)...

Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartoma (REAH) and seromucinous hamartoma (SH) are rare tumor-like lesions of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. The pathogenesis of REAH/SH is still unclear. Neoplastic proliferation, chronic mechanical irritation, inflammation, or possible embryological tissue misplacement are speculated as possible mechanisms of their development. Low-grade tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma (LGTA) is a rare variant of nonsalivary, nonintestinal type sinonasal adenocarcinoma...

Sclerosing polycystic adenosis (SPA) is a rare benign salivary gland lesion that usually arises from the parotid gland. SPA was originally interpreted to be a non-neoplastic alteration analogous to fibrocystic changes of the breast, but now there is uncertainty about whether it may represent a neoplasm. SPA often contains intraductal proliferations with an appearance similar to ductal neoplasia of the breast, and one study reported X-chromosome inactivation using polymorphisms of the human androgen receptor (Skalova et al...

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The field of head and neck pathology was just developing 50 years ago but has certainly come a long way in a relatively short time. Thousands of developments in diagnostic criteria, tumor classification, malignancy staging, immunohistochemistry application, and molecular testing have been made during this time, with an exponential increase in literature on the topics over the past few decades: There were 3506 articles published on head and neck topics in the decade between 1969 and 1978 (PubMed source), with a staggering 89266 manuscripts published in the most recent decade...

Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) can be a challenging diagnosis due to a lack of obvious invasion and bland cytology. We report an unusual case of a low-grade EMC with prominent fibrous stroma, an extensive solid-oncocytic differentiation and limited areas of morphological clearly identifiable characteristic biphasic (tubular) differentiation, clear cells and PAS-positive secretions/calcifications. Both areas were investigated by next generation sequencing (Oncomine comprehensive assay) and revealed a typical concordant HRAS p...