Neck cancer

OBJECTIVES: Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is an optical method that enables microscopic visualization of oral mucosa. Previous studies have shown that it is possible to differentiate between physiological and malignant oral mucosa. However, differences in mucosal architecture were not taken into account. The objective was to map the different oral mucosal morphologies and to establish a "CLE map" of physiological mucosa as baseline for further application of this powerful technology...

PURPOSE: As online health information-seeking surges, concerns mount over the quality and safety of accessible content, potentially leading to patient harm through misinformation. On one hand, the emergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare could prevent it; on the other hand, questions raise regarding the quality and safety of the medical information provided. As laryngeal cancer is a prevalent head and neck malignancy, this study aims to evaluate the utility and safety of three large language models (LLMs) as sources of patient information about laryngeal cancer...

BACKGROUND: Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (hypoPT) is a common complication following thyroid surgery. However, current research findings on the risk factors for post-thyroid surgery hypoPT are not entirely consistent, and the same risk factors may have different impacts on transient and permanent hypoPT. Therefore, there is a need for a comprehensive study to summarize and explore the risk factors for both transient and permanent hypoPT after thyroid surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two databases (PubMed and Embase) were searched from inception to 2024...

CONTEXT: Medullary thyroid cancer has a historic recurrence rate up to 50%, and surgery remains the only cure. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess factors related to recurrence and metastatic spread in MTC. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review was performed from 1990-2023. Descriptive analysis and regression models were used for analysis. SETTING: Single specialized tertiary care referral center. PATIENTS: 68 patients with MTC, who underwent surgery, were included...

OBJECTIVE: Accurate prediction of hospital length of stay (LOS) following surgical management of oral cavity cancer (OCC) may be associated with improved patient counseling, hospital resource utilization and cost. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of statistical models, a machine learning (ML) model, and The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program's (ACS-NSQIP) calculator in predicting LOS following surgery for OCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective multicenter database study was performed at two major academic head and neck cancer centers...

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BACKGROUND: Salivary gland cancers (SGC)-social determinants of health (SDoH) investigations are limited by narrow scopes of SGC-types and SDoH. This Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)-study hypothesized that socioeconomic status (SES) most contributed to SDoH-associated SGC-disparities. METHODS: Retrospective cohort of 24 775 SGCs assessed SES, minority-language status (ML), household composition (HH), housing-transportation (HT), and composite-SDoH measured by the SVI via regressions with surveillance and survival length, late-staging presentation, and treatment (surgery, radio-, chemotherapy) receipt...

OBJECTIVE: The modified frailty index (mFI-5) is a National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-derived 5-factor index that has been proven to reflect frailty and predict morbidity and mortality. We hypothesize that mFI-5 is a valid predictive measure in the transoral robotic surgery (TORS) population. METHODS: Retrospective study utilizing the TriNetX US-collaborative health records network querying for TORS patients. Cohorts were stratified by mFI-5 score which uses five ICD-10 codes: nonindependent functional status, hypertension, obstructive respiratory disease, heart failure, and diabetes mellitus...

INTRODUCTION: Recently, an entity known as salivary duct carcinoma with rhabdoid features (SDC-RF) has been associated with somatic CDH1 mutations. Here we present the first known case report of conventional SDC occurring in the setting of a germline CDH1 pathogenic variant accompanied by a somatic loss of heterozygosity at the CDH1 locus. CASE DISCUSSION: A 67-year-old man presented with chest and back pain and was found to have osteolytic lesions in the sternum and lumbar spine...

INTRODUCTION: Human papillomavirus Virus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has increased in incidence in recent decades and represents a heterogeneous disease entity in the context of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC), in terms of disease prognosis. Treatment of locoregionally advanced OSCC is mainly based on concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Given the younger age of patients, if compared with HPV-negative counterparts, and the high cure rates, the acute- and long-term toxicity in survivors represents a field of interest...

OBJECTIVES: To provide a comprehensive summary of the different modalities available to measure soft tissue fibrosis after radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Sciences. REVIEW METHODS: A search was conducted using a list of medical subject headings and terms related to head and neck oncology, radiation fibrosis, and quantitative measurements, including bioimpedance, MRI, and ultrasound. Original research related to quantitative measurement of neck fibrosis post-radiotherapy was included without time constraints, while reviews, case reports, non-English texts, and inaccessible studies were excluded...

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) rank among the most prevalent types of head and neck cancer globally. Unfortunately, a significant number of patients receive their diagnoses at advanced stages, limiting the effectiveness of available treatments. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a pivotal player in HNSCC development, with macrophages holding a central role. Macrophages demonstrate diverse functions within the TME, both inhibiting and facilitating cancer progression. M1 macrophages are characterized by their phagocytic and immune activities, while M2 macrophages tend to promote inflammation and immunosuppression...

BACKGROUND: Head and neck cancer is the 6th most common malignancy worldwide, and its incidence is still on the rise. The salvage surgery has been considered as an important treatment strategy for persistent or recurrent head and neck cancer. Therefore, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of salvage surgery for head and neck cancer since the 21st century. METHODS: The literature about salvage surgery of head and neck cancer in Web of Science was searched. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to analyze main countries, institutions, authors, journals, subject hotspots, trends, frontiers, etc...

Targeting tumor angiogenesis is an important approach in advanced tumor therapy. Here we investigated the effect of the suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1 (SUV39H1) on tumor angiogenesis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The GEPIA database was used to analyze the expression of SUV39H1 in various cancer tissues. The expression of SUV39H1 in OSCC was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between SUV39H1 and Notch1 and microvascular density (MVD) was analyzed. The effect of SUV39H1 inhibition on OSCC was investigated in vivo by chaetocin treatment...

BACKGROUND: Patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) may experience substantial anatomical changes during the course of radiotherapy treatment. The implementation of adaptive radiotherapy (ART) proves effective in managing the consequent impact on the planned dose distribution. METHODS: This narrative literature review comprehensively discusses the diverse strategies of ART in HNC and the documented dosimetric and clinical advantages associated with these approaches, while also addressing the current challenges for integration of ART into clinical practice...

Head and neck cancer treatments, such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, have diverse effects on patients, leading to dysphagia as a significant post-treatment issue. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Arabic version of the EAT-10 screening instrument (A-EAT-10) using Fiber-Optic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) as an imperfect gold standard. Additionally, we seek to establish a correlation between A-EAT-10 and PEG tube insertion in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Our sample comprised 130 head and neck cancer patients with varying cancer types at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC)...

BACKGROUND: Photoimmunotherapy is a treatment modality that induces targeted cell death by binding a molecular-targeted drug activated by infrared light to the tumor cells and subsequently illuminating the lesion with infrared light. For deep lesions, a needle catheter is used to puncture the tumor, and an illumination fiber (cylindrical diffuser) is inserted into the catheter lumen for internal illumination. However, it can be challenging to place the cylindrical diffusers in an appropriate position as the deep lesions cannot be often confirmed accurately during surgery...

Chondroid syringoma (CS) is a benign, slow-growing mixed tumour that arises from the sweat glands and usually presents in the head and neck area. Histopathological examination is important for proper diagnosis, as CS is often confused with epidermal cysts due to its rare presentation. This article presents a man in his 40s with a right upper lip mass that emerged 6 months prior to presentation. An intraoral surgical excision was performed and the histopathological analysis revealed solid epithelial cells that formed multiple, non-branching ducts lined by cuboidal epithelium...

A male in his 20s, a tobacco chewer, presented to the outpatient department with a history of painless, slowly progressive swelling in the floor of the mouth. After a thorough history and clinical examination, MRI was done and the tumour was completely excised. Histopathological examination revealed the mass to be a solitary fibrous tumour, confirmed with immunohistochemical markers. On subsequent follow-ups, the patient was found to be asymptomatic with no clinical signs of recurrence.

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is a severe late complication of head and neck radiotherapy shown to have profound negative impact on the quality of life of cancer survivors. Over the past few decades, improvements in radiation delivery techniques have resulted in a decrease in the incidence of ORN. However, even with modern radiotherapy techniques, ORN remains an important clinical concern. In recent literature, there is a wide range of reported ORN rates from 0% to as high as 20%. With such a high level of variability in the reported incidence of ORN, oncologists often encounter difficulties estimating the risk of this serious radiotherapy toxicity...