TEMPOL

Anacardium occidentale L. stem bark Traditional Herbal Preparations (AoBTHPs) are widely used in traditional medicine to treat inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes. The present study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and genotoxic potential of red and white Portuguese AoBTHPs. Using a carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model, a significant anti-edema effect was observed for all tested doses of white AoBTHP (40.2, 71.5, and 127.0 mg/kg) and the two highest doses of red AoB THP (71.5 and 127...

This study explores the potential mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) complicates type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by which chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) induces insulin resistance and cell apoptosis in the pancreas through oxidative stress. Four- and eight-week CIH rat models were established, and Tempol (100 mg/kg/d), was used as an oxidative stress inhibitor. This study included five groups: 4-week CIH, 4-week CIH-Tempol, 8-week CIH, 8-week CIH-Tempol and normal control (NC) groups. Fasting blood glucose and insulin levels were measured in the serum...

Levels and chemical species of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) determine oxidative eustress and distress. Abundance of uptake pathways and high oxygen consumption for ATP-dependent transport makes the renal proximal tubule particularly susceptible to cadmium (Cd2+ )-induced oxidative stress by targeting ROS/RNS generation or antioxidant defence mechanisms, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) or H2 O2 -metabolizing catalase (CAT). Though ROS/RNS are well-evidenced, the role of distinct ROS profiles in Cd2+ concentration-dependent toxicity is not clear...

The role of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in ferroptosis and various cancers is well-established; however, its specific contribution to colorectal cancer has been unclear. Surprisingly, in a genetic mouse model of colon tumors, the deletion of GPX4 specifically in colon epithelial cells increased tumor burden but decreased oxidized glutathione. Notably, this specific GPX4 deletion did not enhance susceptibility to dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice with varied iron diets but showed vulnerability in mice with a vitamin E-deficient diet...

Migraine is one of the most common neurological illnesses, and it is characterized by complicated neurobiology. It was confirmed the influence of inflammation and oxidative stress in migraines and also in distal organs such as the intestine. Indeed, the constant bidirectional communication between the Central Nervous System (CNS) and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, known as the gut-brain axis, has become an attractive target involved in different human disorders. Herein, we explored the role of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) in nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced migraine in mice models to discover the mechanism by which, during migraine attack, oxidative stress is sustained within trigeminal neurons and GI...

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea is closely related to oxidative stress. 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (Tempol) can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ameliorate oxidative damage in the body. The mechanism by which Tempol alleviates chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced lung injury has rarely been reported. This study aimed to confirm the molecular mechanism by which Tempol alleviates lung injury. METHODS: The levels of miR-212-5p and Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in injured lungs were analyzed using bioinformatics...

The effects of long-term low-dose X-ray irradiation on the outer root sheath (ORS) cells of C3H/He mice were investigated. Mice were irradiated with a regime of 100 mGy/day, 5 days/week, for 12 weeks (Group X) and the results obtained were compared to those in a non-irradiated control (Group C). Potential protection against ORS cells damage induced by this exposure was investigated by adding the stable nitroxide radical 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL) at 1 mM to the drinking water of mice (Group X + TEMPOL)...

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 (SERCA2) is critical in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. The cysteine 674 (C674) is the key redox regulatory cysteine in regulating SERCA2 activity, which is irreversibly oxidized in the renal cortex of hypertensive mice. We have reported that the substitution of C674 by serine causes SERCA2 dysfunction and increases blood pressure by induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). This study is to explore whether the dysfunction of SERCA2 causes hypertension by interrupting mitochondrial homeostasis and inducing oxidative stress...

This study mainly explored the effect of Tempol on OSA-induced lung injury and the specific molecular mechanism. A hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) cell model and an IH-induced lung injury model in rats were constructed. The expression of miRNAs and related proteins was detected by RT‒qPCR and Western blotting. HE and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes in lung tissues. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were detected by ELISA. Apoptotic cells were observed by TUNEL...

Hypertension-induced arterial remodeling is thought to be a response to increases in both mechanical stress and oxidative stress. The superoxide dismutase mimetic Tempol has been shown to reduce adverse aortic remodeling in multiple murine models of hypertension but in the absence of a detailed assessment of the biaxial biomechanics. We show that concurrent treatment with Tempol in a common mouse model of systemic hypertension results in modest reductions in both wall thickening and circumferential material stiffness that yet work together to achieve a significant reduction in calculated aortic pulse wave velocity...

In this paper, we present a chip-based C-band ODNP platform centered around an NMR-on-a-chip transceiver and a printed microwave (MW) Alderman-Grant (AG) coil with a broadband tunable frequency range of 528MHz. The printable ODNP probe is optimized for a high input-power-to-magnetic-field conversion-efficiency, achieving a measured ODNP enhancement factor of -151 at microwave power levels of 33.3dBm corresponding to 2.1W. NMR measurements with and without microwave irradiation verify the functionality and the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed ODNP platform...

Nitroxides, stable synthetic free radicals, are promising antioxidants, showing many beneficial effects both at the cellular level and in animal studies. However, the cells are usually treated with high millimolar concentrations of nitroxides which are not relevant to the concentrations that could be attained in vivo. This paper aimed to examine the effects of low (≤10 μM) concentrations of three nitroxides, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO), 4-hydroxy-TEMPO (TEMPOL) and 4-amino-TEMPO (TEMPAMINE), in pure chemical systems and on SH-SY5Y cells transfected with the human tau protein (TAU cells), a model of chronic cellular oxidative stress, and transfected with the empty plasmid (EP cells)...

Angiotensin II (Ang II) increases proximal tubule superoxide (O2 - ) production more in rats fed a 20% fructose normal-salt diet compared to rats fed a 20% glucose normal-salt diet. A 20% fructose high-salt diet (FHS) increases systolic blood pressure (SBP), whereas 20% glucose high-salt (GHS) doesn't. However, it is unclear whether FHS enhances Ang II induced oxidative stress in proximal tubules, and whether this contributes to increases in BP in this model. We hypothesized that FHS augments the ability of Ang II to stimulate superoxide production by proximal tubules, and this contributes to fructose-induced salt-sensitive hypertension...

Reactive oxygen species play a significant role in the pathogenesis of various ocular neurodegenerative diseases especially glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and ocular ischemic stroke. Increased oxidative stress and the accumulation of ROS have been implicated in the progression of these diseases. As a result, there has been growing interest in exploring potential therapeutic and prophylactic strategies involving exogenous antioxidants. In recent years, there have been significant advancements in the development of synthetic therapeutic antioxidants for targeting reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neurodegenerative diseases...

There has been growing interest within the space industry for long-duration manned expeditions to the Moon and Mars. During deep space missions, astronauts are exposed to high levels of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) and microgravity which are associated with increased risk of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction are causative factors in the pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction, although the effects of spaceflight on erectile function have been unexplored...

Previous study has suggested that the loss of microvessel density in the peripheral circulation with evolving metabolic disease severity represents a significant contributor to impaired skeletal muscle oxygenation and fatigue-resistance. Based on this and our recent work, we hypothesized that cerebral microvascular rarefaction was initiated from the increased pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory environment with metabolic disease and is predictive of the severity of the emergence of depressive symptoms in obese Zucker rats (OZR)...

BACKGROUND: Recent evidence revealed that glucose fluctuation might be more likely to cause arrhythmia than persistent hyperglycemia, whereas its mechanisms were elusive. We aimed to investigate the effect of glucose fluctuation on the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmia and its mechanism. METHODS: Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats were randomized to five groups: the controlled blood glucose (C-STZ) group, uncontrolled blood glucose (U-STZ) group, fluctuated blood glucose (GF-STZ) group, and GF-STZ rats with 100 mg/kg Tempol (GF-STZ + Tempol) group or with 5 mg/kg KN93 (GF-STZ + KN93) group...

Rationale: Increased methylation of key genes has been observed in kidney diseases, suggesting that the ten-eleven translocation (Tet) methyl-cytosine dioxygenase family as well as 5mC oxidation may play important roles. As a member of the Tet family, the role of Tet1 in acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. Methods: Tet1 knockout mice, with or without tempol treatment, a scavenger of reactive oxygen species (ROS), were challenged with ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) injury or unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) injury...

Long-lived states (LLSs) have lifetimes <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mi>LLS</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> that can be much longer than longitudinal relaxation times <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>T</mml:mi><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>...

INTRODUCTION: Optic neuropathy is an affection of the optic neurons, which ends with blindness and occurs either primarily due to direct affection of the optic nerve or secondarily as a complication of chronic diseases and/or adverse effects of their therapy. The search for novel therapeutic tools is crucial in addressing the limited therapeutic approaches for optic neuropathy. Therefore, the present study was developed to investigate the possible ameliorative effect of tempol against cisplatin-induced optic neuropathy and its underlying mechanism...