keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483886/estimating-household-contact-matrices-structure-from-easily-collectable-metadata
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lorenzo Dall'Amico, Jackie Kleynhans, Laetitia Gauvin, Michele Tizzoni, Laura Ozella, Mvuyo Makhasi, Nicole Wolter, Brigitte Language, Ryan G Wagner, Cheryl Cohen, Stefano Tempia, Ciro Cattuto
Contact matrices are a commonly adopted data representation, used to develop compartmental models for epidemic spreading, accounting for the contact heterogeneities across age groups. Their estimation, however, is generally time and effort consuming and model-driven strategies to quantify the contacts are often needed. In this article we focus on household contact matrices, describing the contacts among the members of a family and develop a parametric model to describe them. This model combines demographic and easily quantifiable survey-based data and is tested on high resolution proximity data collected in two sites in South Africa...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482959/chronic-suppurative-otitis-media-a-prospective-descriptive-study-of-the-microbiology-and-antimicrobial-susceptibility-patterns
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tessa K Suttle, Timothy Els, Julia Toman, Danielle Curtis, Rheese McNab, Anna Sizemore, Margaret Van Cleve, Richard A Brombacher
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify dominant causative pathogens of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. The secondary objective is to assess the cholesteatoma concurrence among this population. STUDY DESIGN: A prospective descriptive study. SETTING: Port Elizabeth Provincial Hospital, Eastern Cape, South Africa. METHODS: Aural swabs of purulent otorrhoea were collected from patients with CSOM attending the otorhinolaryngology outpatient department between April 2022 and June 2023...
March 14, 2024: Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38482587/global-burden-of-tuberculosis-in-adolescents-and-young-adults-1990-2019
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Weijing Shang, Guiying Cao, Wenzhan Jing, Jue Liu, Wannian Liang, Min Liu
OBJECTIVE: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health threat in adolescents and young adults. However, its burden in this population remains unclear. This study aimed to assess TB burden and changing trends in individuals aged 10 to 24 years from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: All data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. We calculated the percentage of relative changes in incident cases, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The temporal trends of the incidence, mortality, and DALYs were assessed using estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs)...
March 14, 2024: Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481246/analysis-of-disease-characteristics-of-a-large-patient-cohort-with-congenital-generalized-lipodystrophy-from-the-middle-east-and-north-africa
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saif Al Yaarubi, Afaf Alsagheir, Azza Al Shidhani, Somaya Alzelaye, Nadia Alghazir, Imad Brema, Hussain Alsaffar, Mohammed Al Dubayee, Awad Alshahrani, Yasmine Abdelmeguid, Omneya M Omar, Najya Attia, Elham Al Amiri, Jamal Al Jubeh, Albandari Algethami, Haya Alkhayyat, Azad Haleem, Mouza Al Yahyaei, Ines Khochtali, Saleha Babli, Ahmed Nugud, Nandu Thalange, Sarah Albalushi, Nadia Hergli, Asma Deeb, Majid Alfadhel
BACKGROUND: Congenital generalized lipodystrophy (CGL) is a rare inherited disease characterized by a near-total absence of adipose tissue and is associated with organ system abnormalities and severe metabolic complications. Here, we have analyzed the disease characteristics of the largest CGL cohort from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) who have not received lipodystrophy-specific treatment. METHODS: CGL was diagnosed clinically by treating physicians through physical assessment and supported by genetic analysis, fat loss patterns, family history, and the presence of parental consanguinity...
March 13, 2024: Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481202/prevalence-of-hypertension-diabetes-mellitus-and-their-risk-factors-in-an-informal-settlement-in-freetown-sierra-leone-a-cross-sectional-study
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ibrahim Franklyn Kamara, Sia Morenike Tengbe, Abdulai Jawo Bah, Innocent Nuwagira, Desta Betula Ali, Fanny F Koroma, Rugiatu Z Kamara, Sulaiman Lakoh, Santigie Sesay, James B W Russell, Sally Theobald, Mary Lyons
BACKGROUND: Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus are on the increase in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Informal settlement dwellers exhibit a high prevalence of behavioural risk factors and are highly vulnerable to hypertension and diabetes. However, no study has assessed the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and NCDrisk factors among informal settlement dwellers in Sierra Leone. We conducted a study in June 2019 to determine the prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and NCD risk factors among adults living in the largest Sierra Leonean informal settlement (KrooBay)...
March 13, 2024: BMC Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38481192/global-and-regional-estimates-of-tuberculosis-burden-attributed-to-high-fasting-plasma-glucose-from-1990-to-2019-emphasis-on-earlier-glycemic-control
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Qin Bian, Yanjun Zhang, Chen Xue, Wenjing Lu, Wei Li, Fanqi Pan, Yi Li
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown subjects suffering from diabetes or persistent hyperglycemia were more likely to develop tuberculosis (TB). However, the global burden of TB attributed to high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) remains unclear. This study aimed to characterize the global, regional, and national TB burden attributed to HFPG from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: With Global Burden of Disease study 2019, the numbers and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates (ASDR) of TB attributed to HFPG at global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2019 were extracted...
March 13, 2024: BMC Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38480005/prevalence-and-risk-factors-for-q-fever-spotted-fever-group-rickettsioses-and-typhus-group-rickettsioses-in-a-pastoralist-community-of-northern-tanzania-2016-2017
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ganga S Moorthy, Matthew P Rubach, Michael J Maze, Regina P Refuerzo, Gabriel M Shirima, AbdulHamid S Lukambagire, Rebecca F Bodenham, Shama Cash-Goldwasser, Kate M Thomas, Philoteus Sakasaka, Nestory Mkenda, Thomas R Bowhay, Jamie L Perniciaro, William L Nicholson, Gilbert J Kersh, Rudovick R Kazwala, Blandina T Mmbaga, Joram J Buza, Venance P Maro, Daniel T Haydon, John A Crump, Jo E B Halliday
BACKGROUND: In northern Tanzania, Q fever, spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses, and typhus group (TG) rickettsioses are common causes of febrile illness. We sought to describe the prevalence and risk factors for these zoonoses in a pastoralist community. METHODS: Febrile patients ≥2 years old presenting to Endulen Hospital in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area were enrolled from August 2016 through October 2017. Acute and convalescent blood samples were collected, and a questionnaire was administered...
March 13, 2024: Tropical Medicine & International Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38478250/anticoagulation-control-among-patients-on-vitamin-k-antagonists-in-nine-countries-in-sub-saharan-africa
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julius Chacha Mwita, Joel Msafiri Francis, Chriselda Pillay, Okechukwu S Ogah, Dejuma Yadeta Goshu, Francis Agyekum, John Mukuka Musonda, Maduka Chiedozie James, Endale Tefera, Tsie Kabo, Keolebile Irene Ditlhabolo, Kagiso Ndlovu, Ayoola Yekeen Ayodele, Wigilya P Mkomanga, Pilly Chillo, Albertino Damasceno, Aba Ankomaba Folson, Anthony Oyekunle, Erius Tebuka, Fredrick Kalokola, Karen Forrest, Helena Dunn, Kamilu Karaye, Fina Lubaki Jean-Pierre, Chala Fekadu Oljira, Tamirat Assefa Tadesse, Tolulope Shogade Taiwo, Chibuike E Nwafor, Olufemi Omole, Raphael Anakwue, Karen Cohen
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is the primary anticoagulant in most settings of Sub-Saharan Africa. Understanding the quality of anticoagulation services in the continent is vital in optimising the intended benefits. This study assessed the quality of anticoagulation and associated factors among VKA-treated patients in nine SSA countries. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of randomly selected patients on anticoagulation from 20 clinics in Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, and South Africa...
March 13, 2024: Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476501/impact-of-pharmacist-supported-transition-of-care-services-in-the-middle-east-and-north-africa-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#29
REVIEW
Eman N Alhmoud, Safa Farooq Fouad Alrawi, Rasha El-Enany, Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim, Muhammad Abdul Hadi
BACKGROUND: Transition of care (TOC) is associated with an increased risk of medication-related problems. Despite recent advancements in pharmacy practice and research in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), the characteristics and impact of regional pharmacy-supported TOC interventions remain unclear.This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe pharmacist-supported TOC interventions in the MENA region and evaluate their effectiveness. METHODS: PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Web of Science, World Health Organization's International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) were searched from their inception to March 9, 2023, for experimental studies published in English, comparing pharmacist-supported TOC interventions with usual care for adults (age ≥18 years) discharged from the hospital...
2024: Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476431/correlation-of-progesterone-receptors-and-p63-to-the-histological-grade-of-meningiomas-review-and-significance-in-an-african-population
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chidiebere Chidubem Eluke, Onyekachi Itohan Aniume, Bankole Daniel Olusina, Okechukwu Charles Okafor, Babatunde Josiah Olasode
OBJECTIVES: Meningiomas, a common neoplasm of the central nervous system, is a widely studied meningeal tumor. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2021 classification of meningiomas, there are 15 subtypes that have been grouped into grades 1, 2, and 3. The WHO grade 1 meningiomas are generally grouped as benign while the WHO grades 2 and 3 tumors are grouped as malignant. Progesterone receptors and P63 are common immunohistochemical markers that have proven useful in the diagnosis, grading, and prognostication of many neoplasms such as breast carcinoma, prostate carcinoma, and gastrointestinal tumors in histopathology practice...
2024: Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476270/linking-migration-and-hospital-data-in-england-linkage-process-and-evaluation-of-bias
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rachel Burns, Sacha Wyke, Yamina Boukari, Sirinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Dominik Zenner, Ines Campos-Matos, Katie Harron, Robert W Aldridge
INTRODUCTION: Difficulties ascertaining migrant status in national data sources such as hospital records have limited large-scale evaluation of migrant healthcare needs in many countries, including England. Linkage of immigration data for migrants and refugees, with National Health Service (NHS) hospital care data enables research into the relationship between migration and health for a large cohort of international migrants. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to describe the linkage process and compare linkage rates between migrant sub-groups to evaluate for potential bias for data on non-EU migrants and resettled refugees linked to Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) in England...
2024: International Journal of Population Data Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38476012/disease-specific-quality-of-life-as-part-of-the-long-term-follow-up-for-children-born-with-esophageal-atresia-in-an-academic-unit-in-south-africa-a-pilot-study
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
C de Vos, M Dellenmark-Blom, F M Sikwete, D Sidler, L van Wyk, P Goussard
As neonatal mortality rates have decreased in esophageal atresia (EA), there is a growing focus on quality of life (QoL) in these children. No study from Africa has reported on this topic. This pilot study aimed to describe disease-specific QoL in EA children and its applicability as part of long-term follow-up in an academic facility in South Africa. Disease-specific QoL in children born with EA was assessed utilizing the EA-QoL questionnaire for children aged 2-17 years during a patient-encounter. The parent-report for children aged 2-7 years compromised 17 items categorized into three domains: eating, physical health and treatment, and social isolation/stress...
March 12, 2024: Diseases of the Esophagus: Official Journal of the International Society for Diseases of the Esophagus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472297/a-biogeographical-appraisal-of-the-threatened-south-east-africa-montane-archipelago-ecoregion
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julian Bayliss, Gabriela B Bittencourt-Silva, William R Branch, Carl Bruessow, Steve Collins, T Colin E Congdon, Werner Conradie, Michael Curran, Savel R Daniels, Iain Darbyshire, Harith Farooq, Lincoln Fishpool, Geoffrey Grantham, Zacharia Magombo, Hermenegildo Matimele, Ara Monadjem, Jose Monteiro, Jo Osborne, Justin Saunders, Paul Smith, Claire N Spottiswoode, Peter J Taylor, Jonathan Timberlake, Krystal A Tolley, Érica Tovela, Philip J Platts
Recent biological surveys of ancient inselbergs in southern Malawi and northern Mozambique have led to the discovery and description of many species new to science, and overlapping centres of endemism across multiple taxa. Combining these endemic taxa with data on geology and climate, we propose the 'South East Africa Montane Archipelago' (SEAMA) as a distinct ecoregion of global biological importance. The ecoregion encompasses 30 granitic inselbergs reaching > 1000 m above sea level, hosting the largest (Mt Mabu) and smallest (Mt Lico) mid-elevation rainforests in southern Africa, as well as biologically unique montane grasslands...
March 12, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471520/prognostic-factors-for-overall-survival-of-conventional-osteosarcoma-of-the-appendicular-skeleton
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Phakamani G Mthethwa, Leonard C Marais, Collen M Aldous
AIMS: The aim of this study is to determine the predictors of overall survival (OS) and predictive factors of poor prognosis of conventional high-grade osteosarcoma of the limbs in a single-centre in South Africa. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis to identify the prognostic factors that predict the OS of patients with histologically confirmed high-grade conventional osteosarcoma of the limbs over ten years. We employed the Cox proportional regression model and the Kaplan-Meier method for statistical analysis...
March 13, 2024: Bone & joint open
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470460/usability-and-acceptability-of-a-conversational-agent-health-education-app-nthabi-for-young-women-in-lesotho-quantitative-study
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth Nkabane-Nkholongo, Mathildah Mpata-Mokgatle, Brian W Jack, Clevanne Julce, Timothy Bickmore
BACKGROUND: Young women in Lesotho face myriad sexual and reproductive health problems. There is little time to provide health education to women in low-resource settings with critical shortages of human resources for health. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the acceptability and usability of a conversational agent system, the Nthabi health promotion app, which was culturally adapted for use in Lesotho. METHODS: We conducted a descriptive quantitative study, using a 22-item Likert scale survey to assess the perceptions of the usability and acceptability of 172 young women aged 18-28 years in rural districts of Lesotho, who used the system on either smartphones or tablets for up to 6 weeks...
March 12, 2024: JMIR Human Factors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38470413/patient-reported-outcomes-in-inguinal-hernia-surgery-results-from-the-genesis-study-a-multinational-multicenter-study
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarfaraz Baig, Harsh Sheth, Nakul Gokhare Viswanath, Brijesh Madhok
BACKGROUND: Chronic groin pain following inguinal hernia repair can be troublesome. The current literature is limited, especially from Asia and Africa. We aimed to evaluate patient-reported outcomes using the Carolinas Comfort Scale (CCS) following inguinal hernia repair at an international level, especially to include patients from Asia and Africa. METHODS: An international cohort of surgeons was invited to collaborate and collect data of consecutive adult patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair...
March 12, 2024: World Journal of Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469990/immediate-rehabilitation-of-severely-atrophic-maxillae-using-conventional-and-extended-length-subcrestal-angulated-elsa-implants-a-retrospective-analysis-of-187-implants-in-33-patients-with-up-to-three-years-of-function
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michael Zaninovich, Carl Drago
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and determine clinical outcomes and survival rates of straight and extended length subcrestal angulated (ELSA) implants (20-24 mm lengths) placed for immediate (up to 72 h post-operative) or delayed rehabilitation (4 months post-operative) of severely atrophic maxillae. Prosthetic treatment consisted of interim and definitive implant-supported fixed implant-supported prostheses with up to 3 years of function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted of 38 patients (five dropped out; final total was 33), treated between 2017 and 2019 in a private practice...
March 12, 2024: Journal of Prosthodontics: Official Journal of the American College of Prosthodontists
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469894/association-of-handgrip-strength-with-suicidal-ideation-among-adults-aged-%C3%A2-50%C3%A2-years-from-low-and-middle-income-countries
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lee Smith, Guillermo F López Sánchez, Pinar Soysal, Nicola Veronese, Poppy Gibson, Damiano Pizzol, Louis Jacob, Laurie Butler, Yvonne Barnett, Hans Oh, Jae Il Shin, Ai Koyanagi
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the association between handgrip strength and suicidal ideation in representative samples of adults aged ≥50 years from six LMICs (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa). METHODS: Cross-sectional, community-based data from the World Health Organization's Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. Handgrip strength quintiles by sex were created based on the average value of two handgrip measurements of the dominant hand...
March 12, 2024: Suicide & Life-threatening Behavior
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38468208/experience-of-social-harms-among-female-sex-workers-following-hiv-self-test-distribution-in-malawi-results-of-a-cohort-study
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Mee, Melissa Neuman, Moses Kumwenda, Wezzie S Lora, Simon Sikwese, Mwiza Sambo, Katherine Fielding, Pitchaya P Indravudh, Karin Hatzold, Cheryl Johnson, Elizabeth L Corbett, Nicola Desmond
BACKGROUND: In Malawi, female sex workers (FSW) have high HIV incidence and regular testing is suggested. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a safe and acceptable alternative to standard testing services. This study assessed; whether social harms were more likely to be reported after HIVST distribution to FSW by peer distributors than after facility-based HIV testing and whether FSW regretted HIVST use or experienced associated relationship problems. METHODS: Peer HIVST distributors, who were FSW, were recruited in Blantyre district, Malawi between February and July 2017...
March 11, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38467130/diagnostic-tests-for-human-schistosoma-mansoni-and-schistosoma-haematobium-infection-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michel T Vaillant, Fred Philippy, Anouk Neven, Jessica Barré, Dmitry Bulaev, Piero L Olliaro, Jürg Utzinger, Jennifer Keiser, Amadou T Garba
BACKGROUND: Accurate diagnosis is pivotal for implementing strategies for surveillance, control, and elimination of schistosomiasis. Despite their low sensitivity in low-endemicity areas, microscopy-based urine filtration and the Kato-Katz technique are considered as reference diagnostic tests for Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma mansoni infections, respectively. We aimed to collate all available evidence on the accuracy of other proposed diagnostic techniques. METHODS: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and LILACS for studies published from database inception to Dec 31, 2022, investigating the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests for S haematobium and S mansoni infections against Kato-Katz thick smears or urine microscopy (reference tests) involving adults (aged ≥18 years), school-aged children (aged 7 to 18 years), or preschool-aged children (aged 1 month to 7 years)...
March 8, 2024: The Lancet. Microbe
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