radiological

INTRODUCTION: Colonic ischemia is challenging to diagnose preoperatively. We present a patient with colonic ischemia, initially considered to have colonic obstruction. We review the history, physical findings, imaging, operative documents and postoperative diagnosis of this patient with an atypical presentation of colonic ischemia. PRESENTATION OF CASE: A 74-year old female presented with dyspnea on exertion and melena. A tumor in the sigmoid colon was identified by colonoscopy and biopsy showed adenocarcinoma...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of multi-detector CT (MDCT) for differentiating gallbladder cancer from acute and xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis using previously described imaging features. METHODS: In this IRB approved HIPAA-compliant retrospective cohort study, contrast-enhanced MDCT of histologically confirmed acute cholecystitis (n = 17), xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis (n = 25), and gallbladder cancer (n = 18) were reviewed independently by three abdominal radiologists blinded to outcome...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preoperative and 2-years postoperative clinical and radiological findings in a group of patients after temporomandibular joint discectomy and interpositional autogenous auricular cartilage graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The technique involved a disc removal, condylar remodeling and fixation of the graft to the fossa-eminence region. Preoperative and 2-years postoperative clinical findings and magnetic resonance features were evaluated in a group of 13 patients (fourteen joints)...

BACKGROUND: Lumbar spine MRI is frequently said to be "overused" in the evaluation of low-back pain, yet data concerning the extent of overuse and on potential harmful effects are lacking. PURPOSE: To determine the proportion of examinations with a detectable impact on patient care (actionable outcomes). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study PATIENT SAMPLE: 5,365 outpatient lumbar spine MR examinations OUTCOME MEASURES: Actionable outcomes included: 1) findings leading to an intervention making use of anatomical information such as surgery; 2) new diagnoses of cancer, infection, or fracture; or 3) following known lumbar spine pathology...

Acoustic waves are induced via the thermoacoustic effect in objects exposed to a pulsed beam of ionizing radiation. This phenomenon has interesting potential applications in both radiotherapy dosimetry and treatment guidance as well as low dose radiological imaging. After initial work in the field in the 1980s and early 1990s, little research was done until 2013 when interest was rejuvenated, spurred on by technological advances in ultrasound transducers and the increasing complexity of radiotherapy delivery systems...

Lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) is a rare malignancy of the salivary gland arising from the parotid in 80% of cases. LEC is indistinguishable histologically from more common non-keratinising undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Up to 40% of patients with primary LEC present with a cervical metastasis and histological assessment of the primary lesion or nodal metastasis may be reported as NPC. The absence of a nasopharyngeal lesion on imaging and endoscopic assessment together with a parotid mass strengthens the case for a LEC...

Objective Intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy (IVT/EVT) are evidence-based treatments for adults with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). However, randomized controlled trials in pediatric patients are lacking. This study aimed to describe feasibility, safety, and outcome of IVT/EVT in children with AIS. Methods Retrospective study (01/2000-12/2015) of a multicenter, population-based consecutive cohort of patients aged 1 month - 16 years diagnosed with AIS presenting with a pedNIHSS ≥4. Clinical and radiological data of patients receiving IVT/EVT were compared to those receiving standard care (SC) using linear regression to adjust for potential confounders...

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of implementing a quality improvement project in a clinical cancer network directed at the response assessment of oncology patients according to RECIST-criteria. METHODS: Requests and reports of computed tomography (CT) studies from before (n = 103) and after (n = 112) implementation of interventions were compared. The interventions consisted of: a multidisciplinary working agreement with a clearly described workflow; subspecialisation of radiologists; adaptation of the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS); structured reporting...

OBJECTIVES: To assess factors associated with radical resection (R0) of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) after induction treatment with FOLFIRINOX. METHODS: Patients with either locally advanced (LA) and borderline resectable (BR) PDAC undergoing surgical exploration after FOLFIRINOX were retrospectively enrolled. Two pancreatic radiologists reviewed the CT blinded to the final outcome and assessed chemotherapy response and resectability. Patients were then divided into R0 resected (group A) and not resected/R1 resected (group B), which were compared...

Scrotal pain is a common acute presentation for medical care. Testicular torsion and epididymo-orchitis are two diagnoses for which early detection is critical and their sonographic imaging features have been thoroughly described in the radiologic literature. Other important conditions for which radiologists must be aware have received less attention. This article will highlight key traumatic and non-traumatic causes of acute scrotal pain other than testicular torsion and epididymo-orchitis that may present in the emergency department setting...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: With a high signal-to-noise ratio, unparalleled spatial resolution, and improved contrasts, ultra-high field MR (≥ 7 T) has great potential in depicting the normal radiological anatomy of smaller structures in the brain and can also provide more information about morphological, quantitative, and metabolic changes associated with a wide range of brain disorders. By focusing attention on specific brain regions believed to be associated with early pathological change, or by more closely inspecting recognized foci of brain pathology, ultra-high field MR can improve the accuracy and sensitivity of neuroimaging...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reproducibility of T2 relaxation time measurements of the sacroiliac joints at 1.5 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy volunteers underwent an oblique axial multislice multiecho spin-echo sequence of the sacroiliac joints at 1.5 T. Regions of interest were manually drawn using a dedicated software by two musculoskeletal radiologists to include the cartilaginous part of the sacroiliac joints. A senior radiologist performed the measurement twice, while a resident measured once...

PURPOSE: To review the current aspects of knowledge related to the risk of cerebrovascular events in patients receiving head and neck radiotherapy. METHODS: A literature search was performed in PubMed. Papers meeting selection criteria were reviewed. RESULTS: We provide an update on the problem by identifying key studies that have contributed to our current understanding of the epidemiology, radiologic features, pathogenesis, and treatment of the disease...

BACKGROUND Subarachnoid hemorrhage is rarely the first presentation of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. This case study emphasizes the presentation of perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage due to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and the importance of neurovascular imaging for reliable diagnosis of nonaneurysmal perimesencephalic subarachnoid hemorrhage due to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. CASE REPORT We describe a case of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis manifesting initially as subarachnoid hemorrhage...

BACKGROUND: Falcotentorial meningiomas (FTM) stand out for their rarity, inconsistent definition, and surgical complexity. It is appropriate to deal with them in the context of medial tentorial meningiomas (MTM). METHODS: Clinical and radiological characteristics of MTM, comprising the typical features of FTM and tentorial meningioma (TM) along with surgical management, short- and long-term outcomes, are reported . RESULTS: FTM (n=16) were typically supratentorial, large, edematous tumors that caused mainly headache and hemianopia; TM (n=12) were infratentorial, smaller not edematous tumors that caused mainly headache and gait ataxia...

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BACKGROUND: Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a relatively common tumor of the central nervous system. Although PCNSLs generally arise from the parenchyma, lymphomas arising primarily from the dura are termed dural lymphomas (DL). Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue is the most unique histological feature of DL. Due to its rarity, clinical characteristics and treatments for DL have not been fully elucidated to date. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 31-year-old man with no past medical history presented with numbness in his left upper limb...

BACKGROUND: Although C1-C2 pedicle screw techniques have been extensively reported in paediatric series, reports on their use have examined only small series with short follow-up periods. Here, we present a study on paediatric patients with atlantoaxial rotatory dislocation (AARD) treated with these techniques with a minimum 5-year follow-up period. METHODS: A total of 27 paediatric patients with AARD who underwent C1-C2 pedicle screw fixation between 2004 and 2012 were retrospectively evaluated...

OBJECTIVE: The management of thoracolumbar post-traumatic compression fractures widely varies among centers, and there is no real consensus. The objective of our retrospective study was to detect the progression of vertebral kyphosis in non-osteoporotic patients treated by balloon kyphoplasty (KPB) who presented recent compression fractures of the thoracolumbar region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 2007 to 2011, we focused in this retrospective study on the vertebral and regional kyphosis evolution in 77 patients treated by KPB for compression vertebral fractures (Magerl A)...

A previously healthy 46-year-old woman presented with a mass lesion between the bases of the fourth and fifth fingers of the right hand. The mass had grown progressively over 2 years and started to cause practical difficulties in everyday life. Imaging depicted a hypervascular and well-circumscribed soft tissue tumor with imaging characteristics of a sarcoma. The lesion was treated surgically. The final diagnosis of the specimen upon pathology was a myopericytoma, a benign smooth-muscle cell neoplasm. Myopericytoma is a rare disease entity; however, it is important because it can mimic more ominous conditions...