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BACKGROUND: Pain transcends simple physiology, encompassing biological, emotional, psychological, and social facets. Children show pronounced immediate and enduring responses to pain-related procedures. The aim of this meta-analysis is to investigate the efficacy and safety of the Buzzy device for needle-related procedures in children aged twelve years or younger. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched from inception to July 2023. Only randomized controlled trials utilizing the Buzzy device for needle-related procedures in children under twelve years old were included...

Introduction Humerus fractures are fairly prevalent in the general population, and their incidence increases with age. The majority of minimally displaced fractures may be treated with prompt rehabilitation. An interdisciplinary team strategy involving experienced musculoskeletal specialists, geriatricians, and skilled physiotherapists should be employed for optimal therapy. Rehabilitation is essential in coping with the consequences of the fracture. The greatest current information for shoulder rehabilitation comprises the use of counseling, exercises, and mobility of restricted joints to regain upper limb function...

BACKGROUND: Virtual reality (VR) offers the prospect of a safe and effective adjunct therapeutic modality to promote mental health and reduce distress from symptoms in palliative care patients. Common physiological and psychological symptoms experienced at the end of life may impact the person's participation in day-to-day activities that bring them meaning. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of VR interventions on occupational participation and distress from symptoms...

BACKGROUND: The world is moving towards the third target of the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS to ensure most people receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) are virologically suppressed. Little is known about viral suppression at an undetectable level and the risk of viral rebound phenomenon in sub-Saharan Africa which covers 67% of the global HIV burden.This study aimed to investigate the proportion of viral suppression at an undetectable level and the risk of viral rebound among people living with HIV receiving ART in northern Tanzania...

Peptide-based self-assembled nanostructures are emerging vehicles for nutrient delivery and interface engineering. The present study screened eight β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) derived peptides and found that two reducing peptides [EQSLVCQCLV (EV-10) and VCQCLVR (VR-7)] demonstrated pH-dependent reversible fibrilization. EV-10 formed fibrils at pH 2.0 but became unordered aggregates at pH 7.0. VR-7 showed the opposite trend. Both peptides could undergo repetitive transitions between fibrils and unordered aggregates during consecutive pH-cycling...

BACKGROUND: Treating hyperthyroidism induced by autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTNs) through radioactive iodine and surgery often results in undesirable hypothyroidism. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has arisen as a favorable option. European guidelines recommend RFA for small AFTN in young patients, aiming to restore normal thyroid function and avoid irradiation. The procedure, costing between 500 and 1,000 euros, is conducted in outpatient clinics and takes 15 to 40 minutes...

INTRODUCTION: A history of concussion is recognized as a risk factor for musculoskeletal injury, which is likely associated with physiological effects that warrant better understanding. This study aimed to assess the potential of measurements obtained from an immersive virtual reality (VR) test to identify a subtle perceptual-motor impairment that may be prospectively associated with the occurrence of a core or lower extremity sprain or strain. METHODS: A cohort of 68 high school athletes (41 female soccer players and 27 male football players) provided survey responses and completed an immersive VR test several days prior to the initiation of preseason practice sessions...

BACKGROUND: Over the last few years, there has been a growing interest in workout apps and active virtual reality video games (AVRGs), which provide entertainment and enable users to undertake various forms of physical activity (PA) at home. Presumably, these types of exercises can be particularly useful for people with physical disabilities, who experience problems with access to sports and leisure facilities due to architectural and communication barriers. However, it is interesting whether the intensity of PA in VR is high enough to provide users with health benefits, as it is mainly based on arm movements...

PURPOSE: To evaluate VisuALL, a game-based automated perimetry device, utilizing virtual reality (VR) goggles, in a cohort of patients with childhood glaucoma. METHODS: In this prospective series, the results of consecutive patients with childhood glaucoma performing both VisuALL VR field (VRF) and Humphrey visual field (HVF) 24-2 testing were compared. A masked ophthalmologist graded both VRF and HVF tests for field defects (three clustered abnormal points in total or pattern deviation plot)...

BACKGROUND: Understanding complex cardiac anatomy is essential for percutaneous left atrial appendage (LAA) closure. Conventional multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) are now supported by advanced 3D printing and virtual reality (VR) techniques for three-dimensional visualization of volumetric data sets. This study aimed to investigate their added value for LAA closure procedures. METHODS: Ten patients scheduled for interventional LAA closure were evaluated with MSCT and TEE...

BACKGROUND: Oncoplastic breast conservation has been classically divided into volume displacement (VD) or volume replacement (VR) techniques. There have been few descriptions of merging these two approaches. This report describes our experience combining Wise-pattern VD and autologous VR to repair extensive partial mastectomy defects in patients with ptosis. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent combined Wise-pattern VD surgery and autologous VR by the author from June 2017 to June 2023, with at least 6 months follow-up...

This study aims to identify effective ways to design virtual rehabilitation to obtain physical improvement (e.g. balance and gait) and support engagement (i.e. motivation) for people with osteoporosis or other musculoskeletal disorders. Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disorder and is among the most prevalent diseases globally, affecting 0.5 billion adults. Despite the fact that the number of people with osteoporosis is similar to, or greater than those diagnosed with cardiovascular disease and dementia, osteoporosis does not receive the same recognition...

AIM: In order to manage pediatric dental patients, this study set out to assess the effectiveness of two distraction techniques: audio and virtual reality (VR) with tell, show, and do technique (TSD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five children aged 6-10 years were selected for the present randomized control trial. They were split into three groups at random. Group 1 control group: tell-show-do, Group 2: audio distraction, and Group 3: VR distraction. Both pretreatment and postoperative anxiety levels were measured by modified Venham's anxiety rating scale (MVARS)...

Romagnoli, R and Piacentini, MF. Does fatigue affect the perception of velocity accuracy during resistance training? J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2024-The purpose of this study was to investigate whether perception of barbell velocity (PV) is affected by fatigue induced by 2 different training protocols. Twenty-two subjects were randomly divided into 2 groups: 10% velocity loss group (VL10) and repetitions to failure group (EX). Both protocols included 5 sets at 75% 1 repetition maximum but differed in the number of repetitions performed (Reps)...

Unconscious processing has been widely examined using diverse and well-controlled methodologies. However, the extent to which these findings are relevant to real-life instances of information processing without awareness is limited. Here, we present a novel inattentional blindness (IB) paradigm in virtual reality (VR). In three experiments, we managed to repeatedly induce IB while participants foveally viewed salient stimuli for prolonged durations. The effectiveness of this paradigm demonstrates the close relationship between top-down attention and subjective experience...

Background: The use of the prone position (PP) has been widespread during the COVID-19 pandemic. While it has demonstrated benefits, including improved oxygenation and lung aeration, the factors influencing the response in terms of gas exchange to PP remain unclear. In particular, the association between baseline quantitative Computed Tomography (qCT) scan results and gas exchange response to PP in intubated, mechanically ventilated subjects with COVID-19 ARDS is unknown. The present study aimed to compare baseline qCT results between subjects responding to PP in terms of oxygenation or carbon dioxide (CO2 ) clearance and those who did not...

Conducting external post-mortem examinations is an essential skill required of physicians in various countries, regardless of their specialization. However, the quality of these examinations has been a subject of continuous debates, and notable errors were reviled. In response to these shortcomings, a virtual reality (VR) application was developed at Halle's medical department in Germany, focusing on the scene of discovery and the completion of death certificates. The initial trial of this VR application in 2020 involved 39 students and 15 early-career professionals...

PURPOSE: The aim of this systematic review is to assess the clinical implications of employing various Extended Reality (XR) tools for image guidance in urological surgery. METHODS: In June 2023, a systematic electronic literature search was conducted using the Medline database (via PubMed), Embase (via Ovid), Scopus, and Web of Science. The search strategy was designed based on the PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) criteria. Study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (registry number CRD42023449025)...

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: As a representative local medicinal herb produced in China, Vladimiriae Radix (VR) has been proven to exert hepatoprotective and choleretic effects, with particular therapeutic efficacy in cholestatic liver injury (CLI), as demonstrated by the VR extract (VRE). However, the quality markers (Q-markers) of VRE for the treatment of CLI remain unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY: A new strategy based on the core element of "efficacy" was proposed, using a combination of spectrum-effect relationship, pharmacokinetics, and molecular docking methods to select and confirm Q-markers of VRE...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review critically analyzes the recent literature on virtual reality's (VR) use in acute and chronic pain management, offering insights into its efficacy, applications, and limitations. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies, including meta-analyses and randomized controlled trials, have demonstrated VR's effectiveness in reducing pain intensity in various acute pain scenarios, such as procedural/acute pain and in chronic pain conditions. The role of factors such as immersion and presence in enhancing VR's efficacy has been emphasized...