prescription opioids

Although analgesics are widely recommended in current guidelines, underuse and inadequate prescription of analgesics seem to result in suboptimal treatment effects in patients with knee and/or hip osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed (i) to describe the use of analgesics; and (ii) to determine factors that are related to analgesic use in patients with knee and/or hip OA referred to an outpatient center. A cross-sectional study with data from 656 patients with knee and/or hip OA referred to an outpatient center (Amsterdam Osteoarthritis (AMS-OA) cohort) was conducted...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of baseline post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and each symptoms cluster on the risk of developing opioid use disorder (OUD) in those exposed to opioid painkillers and to assess the effect of comorbid PTSD and OUD on functioning, OUD severity, and treatment seeking compared with individuals with OUD only. METHODS: We obtained data from 4025 individuals exposed to opioid painkillers from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions III...

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OBJECTIVE: The crisis of prescription opioid (PO) related harms has focused attention toward identifying and treating high-risk populations. This review aims to synthesize systematic reviews on the epidemiology and clinical management of comorbid chronic pain and PO or other substance misuse. METHODS: A systematic database search was conducted to identify systematic reviews published between 2000 and 2016. Eligible studies were systematic reviews related to chronic non-cancer pain and PO or other substance misuse...

OBJECTIVES: To establish a prescription opioid registry protocol in a large health system and to describe algorithms to characterize individuals using prescription opioids, opioid use episodes, and concurrent use of sedative/hypnotics. STUDY DESIGN: Protocol development and retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Using Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) electronic health record data, we selected patients using prescription opioids in 2011...

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate opioid prescribing in an ambulatory setting among patients with noncancer chronic pain (CP). STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. METHODS: We identified patients with at least 2 CP encounters at least 30 days apart in 2012 in the electronic health records of a community-based healthcare delivery system in northern California. We used logistic regression models to assess associations of receiving an opioid prescription with respect to number and type of CP conditions and patient demographics and characteristics...

The combination of glecaprevir (formerly ABT-493), a nonstructural (NS) protein 3/4A protease inhibitor, and pibrentasvir (formerly ABT-530), a NS5A protein inhibitor, is being developed as treatment for HCV genotype 1-6 infection. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, safety, and tolerability of methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone when coadministered with the glecaprevir and pibrentasvir combination in HCV-negative subjects on stable opioid maintenance therapy were investigated in a Phase 1, single-center, two-arm, multiple-dose, open-label sequential study...

OBJECTIVE: To characterize risk for opioid misuse among gynecologic oncology patients. METHODS: The Opioid Risk Tool (ORT), a validated screen for opioid misuse risk, was administered to a convenience sample of patients with gynecologic cancer receiving opioid prescriptions in gynecologic oncology or palliative care clinics from January 2012-June 2016. Demographic and clinical information was abstracted on chart review. The primary outcome was ORT risk level (low vs...

OBJECTIVE: In the past two decades, chronic pain has been increasingly treated with prescription opioids, particularly in developed countries. This has drawn public concern of possible risks associated with the potential misuse of prescriptions opioids. Previous research has indicated that this may be particularly true among individuals suffering from co-occurring psychiatric disorders. The present study sought to explore rates of misuse among chronic pain patients prescribed opioids, comparing individuals with and without anxiety...

OBJECTIVE: Little is known about patient outcomes following discontinuation of opioid therapy, which may include suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal self-directed violence (SSV). The purpose of this study was to examine correlates of SI and non-fatal SSV in a sample of patients discontinued from long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). METHOD: Five hundred-nine Veterans Health Administration (VHA) patients whose clinicians discontinued them from LTOT were selected from a national cohort of VHA patients who discontinued opioids in 2012...

BACKGROUND: Acute low back pain (ALBP) is the top cause of global disability, demonstrating a significant impact on individuals and society and demanding the need for appropriate management. There is a trend towards an increasing number of opioid prescriptions for ALBP despite the lack of investigation for its various short- and long-term outcomes. The objective of this review is to examine adverse outcomes associated with opioid use for ALBP. METHODS/DESIGN: Using a search strategy, the search will be conducted using the following electronic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, the National Institutes for Health Clinical Trials Registry and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO ICTRP)...

BACKGROUND: Surgeons and health care systems have received a call to action in an effort to curtail the current opioid epidemic. PURPOSE: To (1) define the natural history of opioid demand after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), (2) consider how filling preoperative opioid prescriptions affects opioid demand after ACLR, and (3) evaluate the effect of additional procedures during ACLR and patient age on postoperative opioid demand. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We attempted to describe the opioid prescribing patterns for ambulatory pediatric surgery in the United States from 2007 to 2014. DESIGN: Retrospective database review. SETTING: Operating room ambulatory encounters as determined by the Truven Health Marketscan Commercial Claims and Encounters database. PATIENTS: A total of 929,874 ambulatory surgical encounters were identified in patients <18years of age and, of these, 439,286 encounters generated an analgesic prescription...

BACKGROUND: Prescription opioid abuse poses a serious problem in the United States, representing 615 per 100,000 deaths annually. Extended-release oxymorphone (Opana-ER) is an oral opioid pain medication that has recently been found to cause thrombotic microangiopathy when intravenously abused. In this retrospective study, prevalence and outcomes of AKI among patients intravenously abusing extended-release oral oxymorphone were analyzed. METHODS: A query of electronic medical records for "drug abuse" at an academic medical center during January 2012 to December 2015 was performed and yielded 2350 patients...

Over 116 million people worldwide have chronic pain and prescription dependence. In the US, opioids account for the majority of overdose deaths, and in 2014, almost 2 million Americans abused or were dependent on prescription opioids. Genetic factors may play a key role in opioid prescription addiction. Herein, we describe genetic variations between opioid addicted and non-addicted populations and derive a predictive model determining risk of opioid addiction. This case cohort study compares the frequency of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms involved in the brain reward pathways in patients with and without opioid addiction...

There are approximately 1 million cancer patients in Ukraine and 90,000 cancer deaths a year, 35% of these are diagnosed in the late stage of disease. Ukraine has the most severe HIV epidemic in the region with more than 200,000 persons living with HIV/AIDS and 6000-10000 deaths annually. The morphine consumption rate is among the lowest in the. The first palliative care services were established in 1996 and the number has slowly increased with services provided in inpatient units, home and day care programs and by a range of health care providers...

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Georgia has established the foundational measures for a national palliative care program-policy, education, drug availability, and implementation. Amendments to legislation needed to develop palliative care have been approved. Palliative care has been recognized as a subspecialty in oncology, critical care, internal medicine and surgery. The National Plan for Palliative Care for 2011-2016 was approved. Opioids, especially oral morphine, are available on a limited basis for patients at home but oral morphine is not available for patients in the hospital...

BACKGROUND: The proper use of opioid analgesia for postoperative pain management is controversial. While opioids are considered the standard of care for multimodal postoperative pain modulation in the United States, there is a lack of established protocols for prescribing opioids in adolescents undergoing outpatient orthopaedic surgery. The objective of this review was to identify and report on current literature on opioid prescription for pain management in adolescents undergoing all procedures, as well as in adults undergoing outpatient orthopaedic surgery...

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