potasium

Groundwater is contaminated by anthropogenic factors such as industry, domestic waste, and excessive fertilizers. Groundwater samples, which were obtained from 50 different wells in July 2020, were used in this study. Thirteen hydrochemical properties, including electrical conductivity (EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), nitrate NO3 - , anions, and cations were analyzed. Also, types of groundwater were investigated via the Piper diagram. The groundwater was also evaluated for irrigation suitability using the sodium percentage (Na%), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Kelly's index (KI), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), potential salinity, magnesium hazard (MR), and permeability index (PI)...

Decarboxylative halogenations of alkyl carboxylic acids are highly valuable reactions for the synthesis of stucturally diverse alkyl halides. However, many reported protocols rely on stoichiometric strong oxidants or highly electrophilic halogenating agents. Herein, we describe visible-light photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative halogenations of N-hydroxyphthalimide-activated carboxylic acids that avoid stiochiometric oxidants and use inexpensive inorganic halide salts as the halogenating agents. Brominations with lithium bromide proceed under simple, transition metal-free conditions using an organic photoredox catalyst and no other additives, whereas dual photoredox-copper-catalysis is required for chlorinations with lithium chloride...

This article introduces Peruvian coffee leaf datasets known as CATIMOR, CATURRA and BORBON of coffee plantations located at San Miguel de las Naranjas and La Palma Central, Jaén province, Cajamarca, Perú. The leaves with nutritional deficiencies were identified by agronomists, using a physical structure the controlled environment was designed and the images were captured with a digital camera. The dataset contains 1006 leaf images grouped according to their nutritional deficiencies (Boron, Iron, Potasium, Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, Nitrogen and others)...

The Cretaceous and Neogene deposits from the Mamfe Basin consisting of sandstone, shale and claystone were studied using petrography, and major, traces and REEs analyses to address sediment source, environment setting, prevailing paleoclimate as well as tectonic regime of the basin. The angular to subangular shape of detrital grains reflects the mineralogical and textural immaturity of sediments and the proximity of the sediment supply source. Sedimentary rocks are composed of a significant number of lithic debris, organic matter, ostracods as well as subrounded heavy minerals referring to notable igneous and metamorphic rocks bordering the Mamfe Basin...

Earth-abundant layered tungsten disulfide (WS2 ) is a well-known electrocatalyst for acidic hydrogen evolution, but it becomes rather sluggish for alkaline hydrogen or oxygen evolution due to the low-density edge sites, poor conductivity, and unfavorable water dissociation behavior. Here, an interfacial engineering strategy to construct an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst by in situ growing N-doped WS2 nanoparticles on highly conductive cobalt nitride (N-WS2 /Co3 N) for concurrent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is demonstrated...

Diabetes is a common disease, and the number of patients is increasing every year. We report a case of a 34-year-old man with a history of diabetes mellitus (diagnosed at eight years old) and was on treatment with tablet glimepride with poor compliance. The patient sought consultation due to vomiting and abdominal pain 12 hours after onset along with burning micturition for four days. His initial blood sugar random (BSR) level was 84 mg/dL. Further lab tests revealed pH: 7.14, bicarbonate: 6.4 mEq/dL, sodium: 141, potasium: 3...

The structural, electronic, and topological properties of a series of four members of potassium 6-X-2-isonicotinoyltrifluoroborate (X=H, F, Cl, Br) salts have been explored by using ab initio calculations with the hybrid B3LYP/6-311++G** method. According to the potential energy surface only the properties for the most stable conformer of each member of the series and their anions were analyzed in function of electronegativity and atomic radius of X. The results show that when X=H, the salt and its anion have symmetry CS while the symmetry change to C1 for the halogenated F, Cl, and Br derivatives and their anions...

To develop an effective biological agent to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, three endophytic Bacillus spp. strains with high antagonistic activity were isolated from maize seed and characterized. In vitro assays revealed that the Bacillus endophytes could produce volatile organic compounds (VOC) that reduced sclerotial production and inhibited mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that the selected strains produced 16 detectable VOC. Eight of the produced VOC exhibited negative effects on S...

In greenhouse experiment, the seed samples of 3 populations were treated with treatments including: cold stratification, Gibberlic Acid (50 ppm and 100 ppm), Potassium nitrate (0.2%, 0.4%), physical scarification (sand paper), chemical scarification (Ethylic alcohol 70%) and distilled water (control), then these treated seed samples were sown in pots as randomize design with three replication. The germination characteristics including: germination percentage, speed of germination, length of root and shoot, seedling length, ratio of root length by shoot length, vigor index, fresh weight arid dry weight, ratio of dry weight by fresh weight were evaluated during 45 days of experiment...

Dyslipidemia is frequent in patients with end stage renal disease. Excessive peritoneal glucose absorption from high glucose-containing peritoneal dialysis solutions may enhance disturbances on the lipid metabolism of patients on peritoneal dialysis. We compared the effect of icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis therapy with hemodialysis (HD) therapy on lipid metabolism. A total of 157 non-diabetic patients on dialysis at least for 3 months; 78 patients on Icodextrin-based continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) (44 M, 34 F) and 79 patients in HD group (47M, 32F) were included into the study...

Renal involvement in leptospirosis and its association with hypokalaemia is known to occur. Hypokalaemia may lead to paralysis. Herein such a case of hypokalaemic paralysis in leptospirosis is being reported. A 45-years-old male presented with 16 hours duration of myalgia, conjunctival suffusion, progressive flaccid quadriparesis, respiratory muscle weakness and dysphasia. Forty-eight hours later, he developed fever, oliguria and abnormal liver function test. Laboratory investigations showed severe hypokalaemia and serological evidence of leptospirosis...

Radiochemical and elemental analysis of clay soils collected from different locations within Ekiti State have been performed in this study using gamma and XRF spectrometric measurements. The results of this study show that the mean concentrations of uranium ranged from 2.2 ± 1.0 mg/kg to 3.2 ± 1.1 mg/kg, that of thorium ranged from 4.0 ± 0.5 mg/kg to 5.7 ± 1.7 mg/kg, while potasium presented in % by weight ranged from 0.4 ± 0.2 to 1.3 ± 0.3 in all the locations. The overall mean concentrations of these radionuclides are comparable to values from other locations around the world...

BACKGROUND: Recessive mutations in ABCC8/KCNJ11 of beta-cell K(ATP) channel generally cause severe medically unresponsive hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HH). Rarer dominant mutations in these genes have been described that mostly cause milder, medically responsive congenital hyperinsulinism. Rarer dominant mutations in these genes have been described that mostly cause milder, medically responsive congenital hyperinsulinism. To date the phenotype of patients with dominant mutations seems to be different from those with recessive mutations as the majority of patients are responsive to diazoxide therapy...

Decreased high density lipoproteins (HDL) plasma levels are a recognized independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Attempts were therefore initiated to pharmacologically raise plasma HDL cholesterol, and the most impressive increase was obtained by inhibiting cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by means of the synthetic compound torcetrapib. Clinical trials were however disappointing, as torcetrapib increased mortality and did not reduce the progression of atherosclerosis. According to some view, it was claimed that CETP inhibition is unfavourable and that development of this class of compounds should be abandoned...

In the crystal structure of the title compound, K(+)·C(6)H(4)IO(3)S(-)·H(2)O, the potasium cation is 2.693 (3)-2.933 (3) Å from the sulfonate and water O atoms (including symmetry-related atoms) and forms a two-dimensional sheet-like structure in the bc plane, with the iodo-benzene rings protruding above and below. The water mol-ecule of crystallization is hydrogen-bonded to sulfonate O atoms within this two-dimensional arrangement. Symmetry-related iodo-benzene rings are arranged perpendicular to one another with the I atom ca 4...

During the last years the incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is permanently increasing and has become a global social and economical problem in the world as well as in Poland. The aim of the study was the retrospective analysis of medical records of patients with renal failure under supervision at the outpatient clinic, Department of Nephrology, University Hospital in Cracow. The study population enclosed 1183 patients (640 men and 543 women) aged between 17 and 98 years (mean 64.7) with creatinine concentration >120 micromol/l and/or creatinine clearance <90 ml/min/1...

In the second half of the 20th century a heterogenic group of opioid receptors was discovered and identified in the central nervous system and in peripheral tissues. However, micro-type opioid receptors, responsible for analgesic effect of endogenic and egzogenic opioids, were not found on majority of peripheral neurons. They appear in skin or mucous membranes with active inflammatory or neoplastic process due to intensive migration to peripheral nerve efferent fibres. These discoveries made it possible to apply opioid analgesics topically (ointments, hydrogels) on pathologically changed skin or mucous membranes...

Drug-induced esophagitis is being recognized increasingly in the past few years. Since 1970 more than 650 cases have been reported worldwide caused by 30 or more medications. We have reviewed these cases with a view to classifying this disease based on underlying pathological mechanism. Drug-induced esophageal injury tends to occur at the anatomical site of narrowing, with the middle third behind the left atrium predominating (75.6%). The disease is broadly classified into two groups. The first group being transient and self-limiting as exemplified by the tetracycline group induced injury (65...

Patients with congestive heart failure are at increased risk of hyperkalemia due to coexisting morbidities and usage of multiple medications that impair potassium excretion--such as angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or spironolactone. Because of the risk of this disturbance, knowledge of causation and prevention is mandatory. We described 3 patients with life threatening hyperkalemia (>8.5 mEq/t) caused by drugs. We showed the symptoms of increased potassium level, the list of medications and comorbidities predisposing to hyperkalemia...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the vasorelaxation effect of emodin and its relationship with NO-cGMP signal pathway. METHODS: Changes of tension of rat thoracic aortic rings were measured by MedLab biologic signal collection system, and the activity of total nitric oxide synthase (tNOS), constitutive NOS (cNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) in endothelium after being treated with emodin was determined with nitric acid reductase method. RESULTS: Emodin relaxed the phenylephrine and potasium chlorate induced contraction of aortic rings, either with or without intact endothelium, in a concentration-dependent manner...